"Notes"
- 3. I recognize of course that there is no exact method for assessing the differences between dialects and languages; the remarks here are impressionistic, and intended only to give a very general idea of how the Chinese "dialects" differ from one another.
Norman, Jerry (1988). Chinese. p. 271, fn. from p. 187
The official Chinese designation for the major forms of speech is fāngyán. Some scholars writing in Chinese make a distinction between fāngyán ('regional speech') as a designation for major regional forms of speech that are mutually unintelligible and dìfang-huà ("local speech") as a designation for lesser local varieties whose differences are not great enough to impair intelligibility. Others make the same distinction by prefixing fāngyán with dìqu ("region") and dìdiǎn ('locality'); that is they use "dìqu fāngyán" ("regional speech") for a major regional speech such as Putonghua and "dìdiǎn fāngyán" ('local speech') for its minor variations as spoken in Peking, Nanking, Xi'an, and other localities. This fundamental distinction is lost when all such distinctive terms are equally rendered as "dialect", as is usually done by both Chinese and Western writers on the subject.
DeFrancis, John (1984). The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy. p. 57
Alterations on individual pages
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(Alterations to page "Chinese Language" at: diff) Varieties of Chinese:
diff Sinitic languages:
diff Classical Chinese:
diff Rhotic consonant:
diff Fuzhou dialect:
diff Teochew dialect:
diff |
"Notes"
- 3. I recognize of course that there is no exact method for assessing the differences between dialects and languages; the remarks here are impressionistic, and intended only to give a very general idea of how the Chinese "dialects" differ from one another.
Norman, Jerry (1988). Chinese. p. 271, fn. from p. 187
The official Chinese designation for the major forms of speech is fāngyán. Some scholars writing in Chinese make a distinction between fāngyán ('regional speech') as a designation for major regional forms of speech that are mutually unintelligible and dìfang-huà ("local speech") as a designation for lesser local varieties whose differences are not great enough to impair intelligibility. Others make the same distinction by prefixing fāngyán with dìqu ("region") and dìdiǎn ('locality'); that is they use "dìqu fāngyán" ("regional speech") for a major regional speech such as Putonghua and "dìdiǎn fāngyán" ('local speech') for its minor variations as spoken in Peking, Nanking, Xi'an, and other localities. This fundamental distinction is lost when all such distinctive terms are equally rendered as "dialect", as is usually done by both Chinese and Western writers on the subject.
DeFrancis, John (1984). The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy. p. 57
Alterations on individual pages
|
---|
(Alterations to page "Chinese Language" at: diff) Varieties of Chinese:
diff Sinitic languages:
diff Classical Chinese:
diff Rhotic consonant:
diff Fuzhou dialect:
diff Teochew dialect:
diff |