CBT

Common features

The CBT umbrella term encompasses a wide number of therapeutic systems, including Cognitive Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Multimodal Therapy ^[1]. To describe them all is beyond the scope of this article, but there are a number of features that unite these approaches.

Common to cognitive behavioral therapies is the view of symptom removal as the central goal of treatment. This is in contrast to other therapeutic schools, such as psychoanalysis, where symptoms are seen as superficial manifestations of underlying problems. The trend of evidence-based treatment, were specific treatments for specific symptom-based diagnoses are recommended, has therefore favored CBT. (Lambert, Bergin, Garfield – ch. 1 in Bergin & Garfield's Handbook...)

• Somewhere mention how models for the development and maintenance of a disorder influence a treatment program designed to reverse the maintaining factors.(Clark, 1997)

• CBT is a "short-term" treatment, relative other forms of psychotherapy such as psychodynamic therapy ^[2], and often time-limited.
• CBT is active; both therapist and client are expected to be actively involved in the therapeutic process. ^[2]
• CBT is structured, in two respects: the overall therapy is structured, typically beginning with case conceptualization, then active treatment (interventions), and ending with relapse prevention; also, each session often has ha structured agenda. ^[2]
• CBT is collaborative; meaning that the relationship between therapist and client is viewed as collaboration between two experts. (M&F, p. 30; Making CBT Work) Beck called this "collaborative empiricism" (didn't he?). (but how does this relate to "directive", M&F p. 30?)

History

• History section could briefly discuss things like Pavlovian conditioning, Watson's Little Albert experiment and Skinner's operant conditioning?
• In the 1990s and early 21st century, two other trends have emerged: the return of purely behavioral treatments, with treatments such as behavioral activation, and the influence of buddhistic approaches such as mindfulness.

The process of CBT

• Therapeutic alliance is established. ^[3]
  • The therapeutic relationship in CBT is seen as the meeting of two experts
• A case conceptualization, or behavior analysis, is made
• Interventions
• Relapse prevention

CBT organizations

I'm trying to get a grip on how various CBT bodies define CBT...

• Europe:
  • Sweden: Beteendeterapeutiska Föreniningen – defines CBT as a "form of psychotherapy based on research and theories in learning psychology, cognition psychology and social psychology. The term [KBT] means that emphasis is on the interplay between the individual and the environment, here and now." (my translation) – emphasizes focus on here and now ("symptoms")
  • Sweden: Svenska föreningen för kognitivt och beteendeinriktade terapier
  • UK: http://www.babcp.org.uk/ – non-functioning web-site?
• North America:
  • USA: ABCT: Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies – "Cognitive-Behavior Therapy is [...] using methods that have been shown to work. The latest in scientific advances are used to design personalized treatments [...]. In CBT the therapist and client work together to determine the goals for therapy, the agenda for each session, home practice between sessions, the usefulness of each intervention, and how long to continue therapy." – emphasizes evidence and specific techniques
  • USA: National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists – What is CBT lists 10 common characteristics – seems to emphasize "cognitive" theories and approaches ( history page puts emphasis on REBT)

References

Resources for the cognitive behavioral therapy article and others ...

• Bergin and Garfield: Lambert, M. J. (2004). Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN  0-471-37755-4.
  • Chapter 1: Lambert, M. J. (2004). "Introduction and Historical Overview". In Lambert, M. J. (ed.). Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 3–15. ISBN  0-471-37755-4. {{ cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) ( help)
  • Chapter 2: Kendall, P. C. (2004). "Methodology, Design and Evaluation in Psychotherapy Research". In Lambert, M. J. (ed.). Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 16–43. ISBN  0-471-37755-4. {{ cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) ( help)
  • Chapter 4: Hill, C. E. (2004). "Methodological Issues in Studying Psychotherapy Processes and Outcomes". In Lambert, M. J. (ed.). Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 84–136. ISBN  0-471-37755-4. {{ cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) ( help)
  • Chapter 5: Lambert, M. J. (2004). "The Efficacy and Effectiveness of Psychotherapy". In Lambert, M. J. (ed.). Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 139–193. ISBN  0-471-37755-4. {{ cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) ( help)
• Craighead, W. E. (1982). "A Brief Clinical History of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy with Children". School Psychology Review. 11 (1): 5–13. doi: 10.1080/02796015.1982.12084951.
• Meichenbaum, D. H. (1995). "Cognitive-behavioral therapy in historical perspective". Comprehensive textbook of psychotherapy: Theory and practice. pp. 140––158. {{ cite book}}: C1 control character in |pages= at position 4 ( help)
• Good overview also on basic properties of CBT: MacLaren, C. (2007). "Cognitive Behavior Therapy Model and Techniques". In Ronen, Tammie & Freeman, Arthur (ed.). Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Clinical Social Work Practice. Springer. pp. 25–44. ISBN  9780826102157. {{ cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) ( help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list ( link)
• Dobson: Dobson, Keith S. (2001). Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. ISBN  1-57230-601-7.
  • Dobson, Keith S.; Dozois, David J. A. (2001). "Historical and Philosophical Bases of the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies". In Dobson, Keith S. (ed.). Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. pp. 3–39. ISBN  1-57230-601-7.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)
• Clark & Fairburn: Clark, David M.; Fairburn, Christopher G. (1997). Science and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN  0-19-262726-0.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)
  • Chapter 1: Rachman, S (1997). "The evolution of cognitive behaviour therapy". In Clark, David M.; Fairburn, Christopher G. (ed.). Science and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–26. ISBN  0-19-262726-0.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list ( link)
  • Chapter 6: Clark, David M. (1997). "Panic disorder and social phobia". In Clark, David M.; Fairburn, Christopher G. (ed.). Science and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 121–153. ISBN  0-19-262726-0.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list ( link)

Evidence reviews

• General: Butler, A.; Chapman, J.; Forman, E.; Beck, A. (January 2006). "The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses". Clinical Psychology Review. 26 (1): 17–31. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003. ISSN  0272-7358. PMID  16199119.
• GAD: Hunot V, Churchill R, Silva de Lima M, Teixeira V (2007). "Psychological therapies for generalised anxiety disorder". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007 (1): CD001848. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001848.pub4. PMC  7025441. PMID  17253466.{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)
• Panic disorder: Furukawa TA, Watanabe N, Churchill R (2007). "Combined psychotherapy plus antidepressants for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007 (1): CD004364. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004364.pub2. PMC  6823237. PMID  17253502.{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)
• Social phobia:
• OCD:
• Eating disorders:
• Sexual problems:
• Chronic fatigue/pain:
• search Cochrane...
• American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline

Other useful pages

• Cochrane Library
• Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (journal) – homepage