Sources

Greek state TV

ERT: http://news.ert.gr/el/21953-ellada.htm "Ελλάδα ... σύνθημα: Ελευθερία η Θάνατος"

Greek embassies

Ambassade de Grèce Greek Embassy at France official site:

• http://www.amb-grece.fr/grece/la_grece_en_bref.htm

Maxime du pays : « La Liberté ou la Mort ».

Embajada de Grecia en Madrid Greek Embassy at Spain:

• http://www.embagrec.org/Categories/SobreGrecia/himno_bandera.html

the motto is explanatory inscribed on the flag.

Consulat de Grèce à Grenoble http://consulat.grece.isere.free.fr/page.php?page=echos/echo31&lg=fr (about the meaning of the stripes)

official EU

European Parliament: Greece country fact sheet Motto: Liberty or Death

Belgium

Prime minster of Belgium Guy Verhofstadt addresses the prime minister of Greece: http://www.internationalpresscentre.be/archive/other/103276/?lang=nl&prLang=fr http://www.presscenter.org/repository/news/103/nl/103276-nl.pdf Ce n'est pas un hasard si la devise de la Grèce est encore toujours: eleftería i thanatos; la liberté ou la mort English:It is not out of chance that the motto of Greece continues to be: eleftheria i thanatos; liberty or death

academic texts, educational material

Nations and States in Southeast Europe - CDRSEE, Pg 99. (in the section "National Symbols")

usage in official greek emblems and insignia

• General Army Staff of Greece (GEETHA): http://www.geetha.mil.gr/media/21noe/shmaia.pdf pp. 9, 11, 39 (flags)
• GEETHA about the symbolism of the Greek flag: http://www.geetha.mil.gr/media/21noe/shmaia.pdf p. 14 (symbolism of the Greek flag)
• GEETHA includes all Eleftheria i Thanatos flags under the section title "flags of modern Greece": http://www.geetha.mil.gr/media/21noe/shmaia.pdf pp. 33, 35, 39
• Cited in this book: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΕΣ ΣΗΜΑΙΕΣ. Σήματα-Εμβλήματα, Ελένη Κοκκώνη-Λαμπροπούλου. Εκδόσεις Ηλίας Κοκκώνης -

Αθήνα 1997. (GREEK FLAGS, Symbols-Emblems), Eleni Kokoni-Lampropoulou. Publisher Ilias Kokonis Athens 1997

• http://www.army.gr/multimedia/emblimata/html/94_sdi.html Hellenic Army

flag experts

• http://fotw.fivestarflags.com/gr_indep.html '...and the current national motto of Greece (+images of historical flags of Greece containing the motto)
• http://www.fotw.net/flags/gr.html This motto is now the national motto of Greece
• http://www.anyflag.com/country/greece.php "Freedom or Death" (the official motto of Greece)
• http://www.united-states-flag.com/world-greece.html "Greek national motto: "Freedom or Death"
• http://www.flagpictures.org/greece.htm "the Greek national motto: Freedom or Death"
• http://flaggenlexikon.de/fgriech.htm "The nine stripes correspond to the nine syllables of the Greek battle-cry "Eleutheria i Thanatos" ("Freedom or Death"), or "Eu togio nika" ("be victorious in this sign"). Both mottos came down from the times of the struggle for freedom against the Turks"
• http://www.sitographics.com/enciclog/banderas/europa/source/21.html (Spanish) Las nueve bandas blancas y azul representan el emblema:" O libertad O muerte"

reference sites

• Quid (encyclopedia): Grèce fiche pays Devise Nationale: La Liberté ou la Mort. Ma force, c'est l'amour de mon peuple
• Quid about the flag: http://www.quid.fr/monde.html?mode=detail&iso=gr&style=drapeau représentant les 9 syllabes de la devise "la Liberté ou la Mort"
• http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/country_information.php?Pays=GRE Motto: "Freedom or Death" (cites Quid)
• http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/grsymbols.htm National Motto: (Eleftheria i thanatos) "Freedom or Death"
• The Lincoln Highway National Museum & Archives: Hellenic Republic Motto: "Freedom or Death" - http://www.lincoln-highway-museum.org/What/300-Europe-Index.html (could be from Wikipedia)
• Merriem Webster accepts the symbolisms of the stripes as representing "Freedom or Death": http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/nytmaps.pl?greece
• madrid.org: http://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?cid=1182761578184&language=es&pagename=MPDE%2FMPDE_Generico_FA%2FMPDE_FichaGeopoliticaPaises&idListaPaises=1172235508223 Lema nacional: Έλευθερία ή Θάνατος (en español: Libertad o muerte)

• NATIONAL SLOGANS FROM AROUND THE WORLD: GREECE p.22: "ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ Η ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ", Source:Embassy of Greece (note:It is accompanied with an explanation of the historical origin of the national slogan)

Vatican

ADDRESS OF HIS HOLINESS JOHN PAUL II TO THE NEW AMBASSADOR OF GREECE TO THE HOLY SEE: Your country’s motto, "My power is the love of my people. Freedom or death", bears perennial witness to the commitment of the Hellenic Republic to the defence of the universal principles on which genuine freedom is based.

books

• youth seems more loyal than ever to the national slogan "Freedom or Death" http://books.google.com/books?lr=&client=firefox-a&id=MrsEAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22national+slogan%22+Greece&q=%22Freedom+or+Death%22&pgis=1#search_anchor
• the national motto: freedom or death http://books.google.com/books?client=firefox-a&id=PIgYAAAAIAAJ&dq=freadom+or+death+motto+Greece&q=freedom+or+death+&pgis=1#search_anchor
• Page 119: the nation's motto Eleutheria 'e thanatos (Freedom or death) http://books.google.com/books?id=PaujfoUmHUsC&dq=%22freedom+or+death%22+Greece&lr=&client=firefox-a
• Page 635: loyal to the national slogan "Freedom or Death" http://books.google.com/books?lr=&client=firefox-a&id=eEkEAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22freedom+or+death%22+Greece&q=%22freedom+or+death%22&pgis=1#search_anchor
• Firefly World Factbook, Page 134: http://books.google.com/books?lr=&client=firefox-a&q=%22freedom+or+death%22+firefly+world+factbook&btnG=Search+Books
• "Nation Branding" list of mottos: http://books.google.com/books?lr=&client=firefox-a&q=nation+branding+%22Greece+freedom+or+death%22&btnG=Search+Books seems like it cites Wikipedia as a source

• Flag lore of all nations, p.40 http://books.google.com/books?id=EFhAUbH6ra0C&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=%22freedom+or+death%22+national+motto+of+Greece&source=bl&ots=bd8PHYgBnZ&sig=vndY1z6JtUnS3iDApXEcc6sfx1Q&hl=en&ei=EQYjSomdD8HGsgbv3dHQBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1

• The complete guide to flags By William G. Crampton, p.57 http://books.google.com/books?id=kG4YAAAAIAAJ&q=%22national+motto%22+Greece&dq=%22national+motto%22+Greece&lr=&client=firefox-a&pgis=1

ethnologist sources

Eastern Europe p.846 by Richard Frucht (books) :the most important national symbol of Greece is the Greek national flag... ...the use of the nine stripes is deliberate, each stripe representing one of the nine syllables of the revolutionary phrase Eleutheria e Thanatos which served as a motto of determination for liberation from Ottoman rule.

External links

(just for indication)

other organizations

FIFA http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=gre/countryInfo.html

appearance in historical Greek flags 1821-1833 (after declaration of independence)

• http://www.nhmuseum.gr/products8.php?lang=1&wh=1&the1id=1&the2id=7&the3id=69&theid=69&open1=1&open2=7&open3=69&page=1
• http://www.mailink.gr/high/products.php?id=19
• photos of original flags: http://bayimg.com/DaaoaAACB by User:SQRT5P1D2
• http://www.johnpap.net/not-el/eikShmaies/EllhnikesShmaiesKata.htm
• http://intranet.haef.gr:61/greek_history/greek_history.htm

appearance in Statues in Greece

http://www.geocities.com/bourdeka/images/IndDay/PPgermanos1.jpg

• http://http://www.flagandbanner.com/Products/FBPP0000010536.asp Greek Flag Greek national motto: "Freedom or Death"

National Anthem

(essay)

The Greek state might not use Great Seals like the US but it has the national anthem of Greece as a state symbol [1] (the national anthem derives from the poem Hymn to Liberty, highly regarded as the Greek national poem). The presidency accepts the Rudyard Kipling translation of the first two verses as accurate and cites it [2]. That English translation of the poem contains the verse "Seeking Freedom or Death" (see wikisource)

See also Greek wiki source verse 15 of 158, Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν

During national celebrations of Greece

(not exactly reliable sources, just links)

25th March

• PASOK party: http://do.pasok.gr/nikaia_larisas/?p=84
• NATO speech p.19: http://www.nato.int/kfor/chronicle/2008/chronicle_04/chronicle_04.pdf
• http://mkka.blogspot.com/2009/03/25-1821.html
• http://www.apodimos.com/arthra/06/Apr/ORGANOSEIS_TON_APODHMON_KAI_O_LEYKOS_OIKOS_TIMISAN_TOYS_ELLHNES/index.htm
• http://viotiareader.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post.html
• KKE publication: http://www1.rizospastis.gr/wwwengine/story.do?id=1727530
• Cyprus http://www.mlsi.gov.cy/mlsi/mlsi.nsf/0/A6094A099D75BEF3C2256E8C0036A5B2/$file/04033001.pdf
• http://www.arsakeio.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=779:l-r&catid=122:2008-09-01-10-07-03&Itemid=302
• http://express.whereilive.com.au/news/story/freedom-or-death/
• Mikis Theodorakis speech: "«Ελευθερία ή θάνατος» γράφει με ματωμένα γράμματα το λάβαρο του ΄21 που εξακολουθεί να ανεμίζει πάνω απ’ τα κεφάλια μας ο Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης." [3]
• Parliament of New South Wales: http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/Prod/Parlment/HansArt.nsf/V3Key/LA20060406028
• Ontario, Canada: Freedom or Death, long live Greece, long live Canada http://209.85.129.132/search?q=cache:1eknTxTJ3c0J:www.londongreekcommunity.org/images/March%25202006%2520Newsletter%2520EN1.doc+%22freedom+or+death%22+Greece+.gov&cd=135&hl=en&ct=clnk&client=firefox-a
• US Congresss: http://bulk.resource.org/gpo.gov/record/2007/2007_H02452.pdf
• University of Macedonia: http://dspace.lib.uom.gr/bitstream/2159/286/1/IPoreiaKaiIApostoli.pdf
• Greek Orthodox Community of Leeds, Greek Schools newsletter http://www.goc-lsd.org.uk/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=20&Itemid=28

St George day

• http://www.skifun.gr/forum/index.php?topic=462.0

• Photo

1940

Jews in Greek resistance http://hcc.haifa.ac.il/Departments/greece/events/holocaust_greece/bowman.pdf

Popular Culture

Captain Michalis by Kazantzakis

Karagiozis

• http://www.flickr.com/photos/61196782@N00/498007540
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/61196782@N00/498028359

Greek poems

• http://books.google.com/books?id=YjkbBlLM2QMC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=greece+traditional+motto+%22freedom+or+death%22&source=bl&ots=Xo7RafTMWE&sig=Id0KJNpQd-Q5fIvGY9CbzLH-2Eg&hl=en&ei=WlYsSo62BIuusAb1ldGeDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5#PPA154,M1
• http://www.proza.ru/2003/04/05-112

Greek Books

• Nea Hestia, το παραδοσιακό από το 19ο αιώνα εθνεγερτικό σύνθημα: Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος

• Google book search for εθνικό σύνθημα "Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος"

http://books.google.com/books?client=firefox-a&lr=&q=%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1+%C2%AB%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CE%AE+%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82%C2%BB&sa=N&start=20

Foreign News

• http://express.whereilive.com.au/news/story/freedom-or-death/
• The Guardian http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2007/oct/18/comment.britishidentity
• http://salemnews.com/pulife/local_story_077233758.html