This is a list of minerals, mineraloids, and other materials used as gemstones and ornamental stones of various grades. This compilation includes rare collector's gems, which are sometimes unsuitable for use in jewelry due to softness, light and heat sensitivity, water solubility, or in rare cases, radioactivity.

Minerals

• actinolite
  • nephrite ( jade)
• adamite
• aegirine
• aeschynite
  • aeschynite-(Ce)
• afghanite
• ajoite
• allanite
• amblygonite / montebrasite
• analcime
• anapaite
• anatase
• andalusite
  • chiastolite
• anglesite
• anhydrite (angelite)
• apatite
• armenite
• axinite
• azurite
• baddeleyite
• bahianite
• barite
  • desert rose (crystal)
  • rose rock
• bastnäsite
• bayldonite
• benitoite
• beryl
  • aquamarine
  • emerald
  • golden beryl
  • goshenite
  • heliodor
  • morganite
  • red beryl
• beryllonite
• bixbyite
• boleite
• boracite
• bowenite
• brazilianite
• bronzite
• brookite
• brucite
• burbankite
• bustamite
• bytownite
• cancrinite
• carbon
  • diamond
• calcium carbonate
  • aragonite
  • calcite
    • alabaster (ancient)
• cancrinite
• carletonite
• carrolite
• cassiterite
• catapleite
• cavansite
• celestine (celestite)
• ceruleite
• cerussite
• chambersite
• charlesite
• charoite
• childrenite
• chkalovite
• chondrodite
• chrysoberyl
  • alexandrite
  • cymophane
• chrysocolla
• cinnabar
• clinochlore (seraphinite)
• clinohumite
• clinozoisite
• cobaltocalcite
• cohenite ("campbellite")
• colemanite
• cordierite (iolite, dichroite)
• corundum
  • ruby
  • sapphire
    • padparadscha
• covellite
• creedite
• crocoite
• cryolite
• cuprite
• cuproadamite
• danburite
• datolite
• diaspore
• diopside
• dioptase
• dolomite
• domeykite
• dumortierite
• durangite
• edenite
• ekanite
• enstatite (chrome-enstatite)
  • bronzite
• eosphorite
• epidote
• ettringite
• euclase
• eucryptite
• eudialyte
• euxenite
• feldspar
  • albite
  • andesine
  • anorthite
  • bytownite
  • hyalophane
  • labradorite
    • spectrolite
  • microcline / orthoclase
    • adularia
    • amazonite
    • perthite
  • oligoclase
    • aventurine
    • sunstone
  • sanidine
• ferroaxinite
• fluorite
  • Blue John
• friedelite
• gadolinite
• gahnite
• gahnospinel
• galena
• garnet
  • almandine
  • andradite
    • demantoid
    • topazolite
  • grossularite
    • hessonite
    • tsavorite
  • hibschite ( hydrogrossular)
  • pyrope (rhodolite)
  • spessartite
    • mandarin garnet
  • uvarovite
• gaspeite
• genthelvite
• gorgeyite
• grandidierite
• gold
• görgeyite
• gypsum
  • alabaster (modern)
• hackmanite
• halite
• hambergite
• hauynite
• hematite
• hemimorphite
• herderite
• hodgkinsonite
• howlite
• hubnerite
• humite
• hydroxylherderite
• hypersthene
• ilmenite
• iolite
• jadeite ( jade)
  • astridite
• jeremejevite
• johachidolite
• kaliborite
• kammererite
• kentbrooksite
• kinoite
• kornerupine
• kurnakovite
• kyanite
• lawsonite
• lazulite
• lazurite
• legrandite
• leifite
• lepidolite
• leucite
• liddicoatite
• lizardite
• londonite
• magnesioaxinite
• magnesioriebeckite
• magnesite
• magnetite
• majorite
• malachite
• manganotantalite
• meliphanite
• mellite (honeystone)
• microlite
• milarite
• mimetite
• monazite
• montebrasite
• mordenite
• mosandrite
• muscovite
  • fuchsite
  • mariposite
  • pinite
• musgravite
• myrickite
• nambulite
• narsarsukite
• natrolite
• nepheline
  • eleolite
• neptunite
• nifontovite
• olivine
  • dunilite
  • fayalite
  • forsterite
    • peridot
• olmiite
• orpiment
• painite
• papagoite
• pargasite
• parisite
• pectolite
  • larimar
• periclase
• petalite
• pezzottaite
• phenakite
• phosgenite
• phosphophyllite
• phosphosiderite
• plancheite
• platinum
• poldervaartite
• pollucite
• poudretteite
• powellite
• prehnite
• proustite
• psilomelane
• pumpellyite
  • chlorastrolite
• purpurite
• pyrargyrite
• pyrite
• pyrophyllite
• pyroxmangite
• quartz
  • agate
    • fire agate
    • Lake Superior agate
    • moss agate
  • actinolite quartz
  • amethyst
  • ametrine
  • blue quartz
  • chalcedony
    • carnelian
    • chrysoprase
    • moukaite
    • myrickite
    • onyx
    • prase
    • sard
  • citrine
  • jasper
    • chert
    • flint
    • novaculite
  • milk quartz
  • prasiolite
  • rock crystal
    • Herkimer diamond
  • rose quartz
  • ruby quartz
  • rutilated quartz
  • smoky quartz
    • cairngorm
    • morion
  • tiger's eye
• remondite
• rhodizite
• rhodochrosite
• rhodonite
• richterite
• roselite
• rutile
• samarskite
• sapphirine
• scapolite
• scheelite
• scolecite
• scorzalite
• selenite
• sellaite
• sepiolite
  • meerschaum
• serandite
• seraphinite
• serendibite
• serpentine
  • antigorite
    • bowenite (tangawaite)
      • retinalite
      • sang-i-yashm
    • williamsite
  • chrysotile
    • satelite
  • lizardite
• shattuckite
• shomiokite
• shortite
• siberite
• siderite
• sillimanite
• silver
• simpsonite
• sinhalite
• smithsonite
• sodalite
  • hackmanite
• sogdianite
• spessartine
• sphalerite
• spinel
• spodumene
• spurrite
• staurolite
• stibiotantalite
• stichtite
• stilbite
• strengite
• strontianite
• sugilite
• suolunite
• taaffeite
• talc
• tenorite
• tephroite
• thaumasite
• thomsonite
• thorianite
• thorite
• titanite (sphene)
• topaz
• tourmaline
  • aphrizite
  • chromdravite
  • dravite
  • elbaite
    • achroite
    • indicolite
    • rubellite
    • verdelite
    • watermelon tourmaline
  • povondraite
  • schorl
  • uvite
  • vanadiumdravite
• tremolite
• triphane
• triphylite
• tugtupite
• turquoise
  • Bisbee Blue
• ulexite
• unakite
• ussingite
• valentinite
• variscite
• vayrynenite
• vesuvianite
• villiaumite (cyprine, idocrase)
• viridine
• vlasovite
• wardite
• wavellite
• weloganite
• whewellite
• wilkeite
• willemite
• wilsonite
• witherite
• wollastonite
• wulfenite
• xenotime
• xonotllite
• yugawaralite
• zektzerite
• zincite
• zircon (hyacinth)
  • jacinth
• zoisite
  • anyolite
  • tanzanite
  • thulite
• zunyote

Inorganic mineraloids and rocks

• agalmatolite (pagodite)
• argillite
• astridite
• basalt
• basanite
• bauxite
• bowesite
• breccia
• canalize
• carmazul
• catlinite (pipestone)
• chloromelantite (kosmochlor jade)
• conglomerate
• cumberlandite
• daisy stone
• diorite
  • napoleonite
• geode
• gneiss
• goodletite (ruby rock)
• granite
  • graphic granite
  • Rapakivi granite
  • unakite
• greenstone
• kakortokite
• kikkaseki
• lapis lazuli
• larvikite
• laterite
• limestone
  • landscape marble
• marble
  • ruin marble
  • serpentinite
    • Carrara marble
    • Connemara marble
    • Rosso di Levanto marble
    • verde antique
  • Yule marble
• mawsitsit
• migmatite
• obsidian
  • Apache tears
• opal
  • cacholong
  • hyalite
• pegmatite
• porphyry
  • leonite
  • nevadaite
• quartzite
  • buddstone
• rhyolite
  • llanoite
• sandstone
• saussurite
• schist
  • eclogite
• septarium
• siltstone
• skarn
• slate
• soapstone
  • steatite
• tektite
  • indochinite
  • Libyan desert glass
  • moldavite
• thunderegg
• travertine
  • Mexican onyx
  • onyx marble
• tuff
• yalakomite

Stones of organic origin

• amber
• ammolite
• coal
  • anthracite
  • jet (lignite)
    • oltu stone
• copal
• coral
  • black coral
  • flame coral
  • Petoskey stone
• ivory
• mellite
• nacre (mother of pearl)
• odontolite
• pearl
  • freshwater pearl
• petrified wood
• vegetable ivory

Synthetics and simulants

• cubic zirconia
• gallium gadolinium garnet
• glass
  • goldstone (gemstone)
• helenite
• moissanite
• rhinestone
• strontium titanate
• tourmalike
• yttrium aluminum garnet

Naturally occurring inorganic pigments

• antimony trioxide (as senarmontite and valentinite)
• arsenic trisulfide ( orpiment)
• azurite
• barium copper silicate ( Han blue) (as effenbergerite)
• barium sulfate (as barite)
• cadmium sulfide ( Cadmium Yellow) (as greenockite and hawleyite)
• calcium copper silicate ( Egyptian blue) (as cuprorivaite)
• chromium(III) oxide ( viridian) (as eskolaite)
• copper(II) acetoarsenite ( Paris Green) (similar to chalcophyllite, conichalcite, cornubite, cornwallite, and liroconite)
• iron(II) oxide) (as wüstite)
• iron(II) sulfate) ( copperas)
• iron(II,III) oxide (as magnetite)
• iron(III) oxide-hydroxide ( sienna) (as akaganéite, feroxyhyte, goethite, lepidocrocite, limonite, siderogel)
• kaolinite
• lead carbonate ( Venetian ceruse, white lead) (as hydrocerussite)
• lead tetroxide ( red lead) (as minium)
• lead(II) antimonate ( Naples yellow) (as bindheimite)
• lead(II) chromate ( chrome yellow) (as crocoite)
• lead(II) oxide (as litharge and massicot)
• mercuric sulfide ( vermilion) (as cinnabar)
• stannic sulfide ( mosaic gold) (as berndtite)
• tetraarsenic tetrasulfide (as pararealgar and realgar)
• titanium dioxide (as anatase, brookite, and rutile)
• ultramarine
• zinc oxide (as zincite)
• zinc phosphate (as hopeite and parahopeite)

Non-naturally occurring inorganic pigments

• barium borate
• barium copper silicate ( Han purple)
• cadmium green
• cadmium orange
• cadmium red
• calcium chromate
• carbon ( graphite, India ink)
• chrome orange
• cobalt green
• cobalt(II) aluminate ( cobalt blue)
• copper hydrogen arsenite ( Scheele's green)
• iron(II,III) hexacyanoferrate(II,III) ( Prussian blue)
• lithopone
• titanium yellow

Natural organic dyes and pigments

• 1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (purpuroxanthin) (from Rubia cordifolia)
• 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (quinizarin) (from Rubia tinctorium)
• 6,6'-Dibromoindigo ( Tyrian purple) (from Bolinus brandaris, Hexaplex trunculus, and Stramonita haemastoma)
• alizarin ( madder) (from Rubia argyi, Rubia cordifolia and Rubia tinctorum)
• aurantinidin (from Alstroemeria and Impatiens aurantiaca)
• betanin (from Beta vulgaris)
• bixin ( achiote, annatto) (from Bixa orellana)
• brazilin (from Caesalpinia echinata and Caesalpinia sappan)
• carminic acid ( carmine) ( cochineal) (from Dactylopius coccus and Porphyrophora polonica)
• carthamin ( safflower) (from Carthamus tinctorius)
• chrysoine resorcinol ( alkanet) (from Alkanna tinctoria)
• copper(II) acetate ( verdigris)
• crimson ( kermes) (from Kermes vermilio)
• crocin ( saffron) (from Crocus and Gardenia)
• curcumin (from Curcuma longa)
• haematoxylin (from Haematoxylum campechianum)
• indigotin ( añil, indigo, woad) (from Indigofera caroliniana, Indigofera suffruticosa, Indigofera tinctoria, Isatis tinctoria, and Polygonum tinctorum)
• juglone (from Juglans nigra and Juglans regia)
• kamala (from Mallotus discolor and Mallotus philippensis)
• lac (from Kerria lacca et al.)
• lawsone ( henna) (from Impatiens balsamica and Lawsonia inermis)
• luteolin (from Reseda luteola)
• magnesium euxanthate ( Indian yellow)
• morin ( fustic) (from Maclura pomifera, Maclura tinctoria, and Psidium guajava)
• morindone (from Morinda citrifolia and Morinda tinctoria)
• orcein ( cudbear, litmus, orchil) (from Roccella tinctoria)
• phlobaphene ( kino red, tormentil) (from Butea frondosa, Cola, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus fibrosa, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Pterocarpus marsupium, and Theobroma cacao)
• purpurin ( madder) (from Rubia argyi, Rubia cordifolia and Rubia tinctorum)
• quercitron (from Acacia catechu, Cotinus coggygria', Fagopyrum esculentum, Quercus velutina, Rhamnus cathartica)
• shikonin ( gromwell, murasaki, puccoon (from Lithospermum canescens, Lithospermum caroliniense , Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Lithospermum incisum, Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum, and Sanguinaria canadensis)
• yeheb (from Cordeauxia edulis)

Other dyes and pigments

• anthrapurpurin
• mauveine
• phenazine