The following three tables comprise the printable characters of the C0 Controls and Basic Latin Unicode block [1] [2] (from U+0000 to U+007F) with their common names and pronunciation in the Latin, English, German, French, and Spanish languages.
The Latin alphabet has evolved since the origin of the Roman Republic and its eventual integration into many modern languages. After the Roman conquest of Greece in the 1st century BCE, Latin adopted the Greek letters upsilon and zeta as the Latin letters Y and Z (highlighted in light green), expanding the 21-letter Latin alphabet to 23 letters. The three modern letters J, U, and W added to Classical Latin to form the 26-letter Basic Latin alphabet and the modern number 0 are highlighted in light yellow. Modern letters not included in the Basic Latin alphabet are shown in gray.
Letters
Numerals
| Numeral | Latin [j] | English | German | French | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | zerus /ˈzeːrus/ [k] | zero ⓘ | Null ⓘ | zéro ⓘ | cero ⓘ |
| 1 | VNVS (I) ⓘ | one ⓘ | Eins ⓘ | un ⓘ | uno ⓘ |
| 2 | DVO (II) ⓘ | two ⓘ | Zwei ⓘ | deux ⓘ | dos ⓘ |
| 3 | TRES (III) ⓘ | three ⓘ | Drei ⓘ | trois ⓘ | tres ⓘ |
| 4 | QVATTOR (IV) ⓘ | four ⓘ | Vier ⓘ | quatre ⓘ | cuatro ⓘ |
| 5 | QVINQVE (V) ⓘ | five ⓘ | Fünf ⓘ | cinq ⓘ | cinco ⓘ |
| 6 | SEX (VI) ⓘ | six ⓘ | Sechs ⓘ | six ⓘ | seis ⓘ |
| 7 | SEPTEM (VII) ⓘ | seven ⓘ | Sieben ⓘ | sept ⓘ | siete ⓘ |
| 8 | OCTO (VIII) ⓘ | eight ⓘ | Acht ⓘ | huit ⓘ | ocho ⓘ |
| 9 | NOVEM (IX) ⓘ | nine ⓘ | Neun ⓘ | neuf ⓘ | nueve ⓘ |
Punctuation and symbols
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Latin of the Roman classical period did not use lower case, punctuation, or interword spacing, although an interpunct (·) was occasionally used to separate words.
- ^ The Latin letter I of the Roman classical period served as both a vowel and consonant. The J form was initially used as a flourish. Gian Giorgio Trissino was the first to distinguish I and J as separate letters in 1124 using I to represent the vowel and J to represent the consonant.
- ^ The Spanish letter Ñ (lower case ñ) is found in the C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement Unicode block. [3]
- ^ The French letter Œ (lower case œ) is found in the Latin étendu A Unicode block. [4]
- ^ The German lower case letter ß is found in the C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement Unicode block [3] while the German upper case letter ẞ is found in the Latin Extended Additional Unicode block. [5]
- ^ The Latin letter U of the Roman classical period was styled as V and served as both a vowel and consonant. During the Middle Ages, the form U was also used. The distinction of U and V as individual letters with U to represent the vowel and V to represent the consonant gradually evolved between 1386 and 1762.
- ^ The letter W does not appear in the Latin of the Roman classical period. The use of two V's or two U's to represent the labial–velar approximant sound of Old High German and Old English evolved in the early modern period and eventually became the modern letter W.
- ^ a b The addition of the two Latin letters Y to represent the Greek letter upsilon (Y) and Z to represent the Greek letter zeta (Ζ) expanded the Latin alphabet to 23 letters.
- ^ The French lower case letter ÿ is found in the Commandes C1 et supplément Latin-1 Unicode block [6] while the French upper case letter Ÿ is found in the Latin étendu A Unicode block. [4]
- ^ Roman numerals were used during the Roman classical period and throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. The Western Church avoided the use of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system believing them to be a polytheistic and Islamic influence.
- ^ The number zero (0) cannot be represented in Roman numerals. The Hindu–Arabic numeral system with the numeral 0 was popularized in Europe with Liber Abaci by Leonardo de Pisa (Fibonacci) published posthumously in 1202.
- ^ Modern Latin uses a subset of punctuation marks and symbols borrowed from modern languages.
References
- ^ "C0 Controls and Basic Latin" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0. Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ "Commandes C0 et latin de bas" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 (in French). Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ a b "C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0. Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ a b "Latin étendu A" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 (in French). Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ "Latin Extended Additional" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0. Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ "Commandes C1 et supplément Latin-1" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 (in French). Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
External links
Unicode at Wikipedia's
sister projects
The following three tables comprise the printable characters of the C0 Controls and Basic Latin Unicode block [1] [2] (from U+0000 to U+007F) with their common names and pronunciation in the Latin, English, German, French, and Spanish languages.
The Latin alphabet has evolved since the origin of the Roman Republic and its eventual integration into many modern languages. After the Roman conquest of Greece in the 1st century BCE, Latin adopted the Greek letters upsilon and zeta as the Latin letters Y and Z (highlighted in light green), expanding the 21-letter Latin alphabet to 23 letters. The three modern letters J, U, and W added to Classical Latin to form the 26-letter Basic Latin alphabet and the modern number 0 are highlighted in light yellow. Modern letters not included in the Basic Latin alphabet are shown in gray.
Letters
| Letter | Latin [a] | English | German | French | Spanish | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPPER CASE | lower case | |||||
| A | a | A /aː/ | a ⓘ | A ⓘ | a ⓘ | a ⓘ |
| B | b | BE /beː/ | bee ⓘ | Be ⓘ | bé ⓘ | be ⓘ |
| C | c | CE /keː/ | cee ⓘ | Ce ⓘ | cé ⓘ | ce ⓘ |
| D | d | DE /deː/ | dee ⓘ | De ⓘ | dé ⓘ | de ⓘ |
| E | e | E /eː/ | e ⓘ | E ⓘ | e ⓘ | e ⓘ |
| F | f | F /ɛf/ | ef ⓘ | Ef ⓘ | effe ⓘ | efe ⓘ |
| G | g | GE /ɡeː/ | gee ⓘ | Ge ⓘ | gé ⓘ | ge ⓘ |
| H | h | HA /haː/ | aitch ⓘ | Ha ⓘ | ache ⓘ | hache ⓘ |
| I | i | I /i:/ [b] | i ⓘ | I ⓘ | i ⓘ | i ⓘ |
| J | j | jay ⓘ | Jott ⓘ | ji ⓘ | jota ⓘ | |
| K | k | KA /kaː/ | kay ⓘ | Ka ⓘ | ka ⓘ | ka ⓘ |
| L | l | EL /ɛl/ | el ⓘ | El ⓘ | elle ⓘ | ele ⓘ |
| M | m | EM /ɛm/ | em ⓘ | Em ⓘ | emme ⓘ | eme ⓘ |
| N | n | EN /ɛn/ | en ⓘ | En ⓘ | enne ⓘ | ene ⓘ |
| Ñ | ñ | eñe ⓘ [c] | ||||
| O | o | O /oː/ | o ⓘ | O ⓘ | o ⓘ | o ⓘ |
| Œ | œ | e dans l'o /ə dɑ̃ l‿o/ [d] | ||||
| P | p | PE /peː/ | pee ⓘ | Pe ⓘ | pé ⓘ | pe ⓘ |
| Q | q | QV /kʷuː/ | quew ⓘ | Qu ⓘ | qu ⓘ | cu ⓘ |
| R | r | ER /ɛr/ | ar ⓘ | Er ⓘ | erre ⓘ | erre ⓘ |
| S | s | ES /ɛs/ | ess ⓘ | Es ⓘ | esse ⓘ | ese ⓘ |
| ẞ | ß | Eszett /ɛsˈt͜sɛt/ [e] | ||||
| T | t | TE /teː/ | tee ⓘ | Te ⓘ | té ⓘ | te ⓘ |
| U | u | V /uː/ [f] | u ⓘ | U ⓘ | u ⓘ | u ⓘ |
| V | v | vee ⓘ | Vau ⓘ | vé ⓘ | uve ⓘ | |
| W | w | [g] | double-u ⓘ | We ⓘ | double vé ⓘ | uve doble ⓘ |
| X | x | IX /eks/ | ex ⓘ | Ix ⓘ | ixe ⓘ | equis ⓘ |
| Y | y | I GRACECA /iːˈɡraiːka/ [h] | wye ⓘ | Ypsilon ⓘ | i grec ⓘ | ye ⓘ |
| Ÿ | ÿ | i grec tréma /i ɡʁɛk tʁe.ma/ [i] | ||||
| Z | z | ZETA /ˈzeːta/ [h] |
zee
ⓘ zed ⓘ |
Zett ⓘ | zède ⓘ | zeta ⓘ |
Numerals
| Numeral | Latin [j] | English | German | French | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | zerus /ˈzeːrus/ [k] | zero ⓘ | Null ⓘ | zéro ⓘ | cero ⓘ |
| 1 | VNVS (I) ⓘ | one ⓘ | Eins ⓘ | un ⓘ | uno ⓘ |
| 2 | DVO (II) ⓘ | two ⓘ | Zwei ⓘ | deux ⓘ | dos ⓘ |
| 3 | TRES (III) ⓘ | three ⓘ | Drei ⓘ | trois ⓘ | tres ⓘ |
| 4 | QVATTOR (IV) ⓘ | four ⓘ | Vier ⓘ | quatre ⓘ | cuatro ⓘ |
| 5 | QVINQVE (V) ⓘ | five ⓘ | Fünf ⓘ | cinq ⓘ | cinco ⓘ |
| 6 | SEX (VI) ⓘ | six ⓘ | Sechs ⓘ | six ⓘ | seis ⓘ |
| 7 | SEPTEM (VII) ⓘ | seven ⓘ | Sieben ⓘ | sept ⓘ | siete ⓘ |
| 8 | OCTO (VIII) ⓘ | eight ⓘ | Acht ⓘ | huit ⓘ | ocho ⓘ |
| 9 | NOVEM (IX) ⓘ | nine ⓘ | Neun ⓘ | neuf ⓘ | nueve ⓘ |
Punctuation and symbols
| Character | Latin [a] [l] | English | German | French | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| spatium |
space blank space thousands separator |
Leerzeichen | espace | espacio | |
| ! | signum exclamationis |
exclamation mark factorial sign bang |
Ausrufezeichen |
point d'exclamation factorielle |
signo de exclamación |
| " |
quotation mark double quote |
Anführungszeichen | guillemet anglais | comilla | |
| # |
number sign pound mass sign hash symbol crosshatch octothorpe |
Doppelkreuz | croisillon | almohadilla | |
| $ | signum dollarii |
dollar sign peso sign |
Dollarzeichen Pesozeichen |
symbole dollar symbole peso |
signo de dólar signo de peso |
| % | percent sign | Prozentzeichen | pour cent | símbolo del porcentaje | |
| & | et commercialis |
ampersand and sign |
Et-Zeichen Kaufmanns-Und |
esperluète et commercial |
signo et |
| ' |
apostrophe single quote |
Apostroph | apostrophe | apóstrofo | |
| ( | parenthesis circularis sinistra | left parenthesis | Runde Klammer links | parenthèse gauche | paréntesis izquierda |
| ) | parenthesis circularis dextra | right parenthesis | Runde Klammer rechts | parenthèse droite | paréntesis derecha |
| * | asterisk | Sternchen | astérisque | asterisco | |
| + | plus sign | Pluszeichen | signe plus | signo más | |
| , | virgula |
comma decimal separator |
Komma |
virgule séparateur décimal |
coma |
| - | linea interposita |
hyphen-minus hyphen minus sign |
Bindestrich-Minus |
trait d'union-signe moins trait d'union signe moins |
guion signo menos |
| . | punctum |
full stop period decimal separator |
Punkt |
point séparateur décimal |
punto |
| / | linea obliqua |
solidus slash forward slash virgule |
Schrägstrich |
barre oblique oblique |
barra |
| : | bipunctum |
colon ratio sign |
Doppelpunkt | deux-points | dos puntos |
| ; | virgula punctata | semicolon | Semikolon | point-virgule | punto y coma |
| < | less-than sign | Kleiner-als-Zeichen | signe inférieur à | signo menor que | |
| = | equals sign | Gleichheitszeichen | signe égal | signo igual | |
| > | greater-than sign | Größer-als-Zeichen | signe supérieur à | signo mayor que | |
| ? | signum interrogationis | question mark | Fragezeichen | point d'interrogation | signo de interrogación |
| @ | signum arroba |
commercial at at sign |
At-Zeichen | arobase | arroba |
| parenthesis quadra sinistra | left square bracket | Eckige Klammer links | crochet gauche | corchete izquierda | |
| \ |
reverse solidus backslash |
Backslash |
barre oblique inversée contre-oblique |
barra inversa | |
| ] | parenthesis quadra dextra | right square bracket | Eckige Klammer rechts | crochet droit | corchete derecha |
| ^ |
circumflex accent circumflex |
Zirkumflex | accent circonflexe | acento circunflejo | |
| _ |
low line spacing underscore |
Unterstrich |
tiret bas souligné |
guion bajo | |
| ' | grave accent | Gravis | accent grave | acento grave | |
| { | parenthesis ungulata vel flexuosa sinistra |
left curly bracket left brace |
Geschweifte Klammer links | accolade gauche | llave izquierda |
| | | linea verticalis |
vertical line vertical bar vertical pipe |
Senkrechter Strich | barre verticale | pleca entera |
| } | parenthesis ungulata vel flexuosa dextra |
right curly bracket right brace |
Geschweifte Klammer rechts | accolade droite | llave derecha |
| ~ | tilde | Tilde | tilde |
tilde de la eñe virgulilla de la eñe |
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Latin of the Roman classical period did not use lower case, punctuation, or interword spacing, although an interpunct (·) was occasionally used to separate words.
- ^ The Latin letter I of the Roman classical period served as both a vowel and consonant. The J form was initially used as a flourish. Gian Giorgio Trissino was the first to distinguish I and J as separate letters in 1124 using I to represent the vowel and J to represent the consonant.
- ^ The Spanish letter Ñ (lower case ñ) is found in the C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement Unicode block. [3]
- ^ The French letter Œ (lower case œ) is found in the Latin étendu A Unicode block. [4]
- ^ The German lower case letter ß is found in the C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement Unicode block [3] while the German upper case letter ẞ is found in the Latin Extended Additional Unicode block. [5]
- ^ The Latin letter U of the Roman classical period was styled as V and served as both a vowel and consonant. During the Middle Ages, the form U was also used. The distinction of U and V as individual letters with U to represent the vowel and V to represent the consonant gradually evolved between 1386 and 1762.
- ^ The letter W does not appear in the Latin of the Roman classical period. The use of two V's or two U's to represent the labial–velar approximant sound of Old High German and Old English evolved in the early modern period and eventually became the modern letter W.
- ^ a b The addition of the two Latin letters Y to represent the Greek letter upsilon (Y) and Z to represent the Greek letter zeta (Ζ) expanded the Latin alphabet to 23 letters.
- ^ The French lower case letter ÿ is found in the Commandes C1 et supplément Latin-1 Unicode block [6] while the French upper case letter Ÿ is found in the Latin étendu A Unicode block. [4]
- ^ Roman numerals were used during the Roman classical period and throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. The Western Church avoided the use of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system believing them to be a polytheistic and Islamic influence.
- ^ The number zero (0) cannot be represented in Roman numerals. The Hindu–Arabic numeral system with the numeral 0 was popularized in Europe with Liber Abaci by Leonardo de Pisa (Fibonacci) published posthumously in 1202.
- ^ Modern Latin uses a subset of punctuation marks and symbols borrowed from modern languages.
References
- ^ "C0 Controls and Basic Latin" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0. Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ "Commandes C0 et latin de bas" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 (in French). Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ a b "C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0. Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ a b "Latin étendu A" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 (in French). Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ "Latin Extended Additional" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0. Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- ^ "Commandes C1 et supplément Latin-1" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 15.0 (in French). Unicode, Inc. 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
External links
Unicode at Wikipedia's
sister projects
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