Reliable publications include established newspapers, academic journals and books, textbooks, and other published sources with reputations for accuracy and fact-checking.
Unreliable sources include blog posts and other self-published works, press releases, and social media posts.
In order for a source to be considered verifiable, other editors should be able to consult the source.
Is the source independent of the subject?
Is the source connected in any way to the subject? This is especially important when writing biographies or about organizations.
For example, if you were writing a biography, sources like the person's webpage or personal blog would not be considered independent.
Is the source primary or secondary?
Primary sources include first-hand accounts, autobiographies, and other original content.
Wikipedia allows limited use of primary sources, but typically only for straightforward, descriptive statements of facts, and only if they are published and verifiable without requiring specialized knowledge.
Secondary sources should be the main basis for a biography on Wikipedia.
If you're working on a topic related to medicine or psychology, ensure that your sources follow
these special guidelines.
If you're creating a new article, consider the following:
Ensure that your topic meets Wikipedia's
notability guidelines.
In order for a topic to meet the notability requirement, you must be able to identify 2-3 sources that are reliable, verifiable, and independent of the subject you're writing about.
Finding sufficient sources to establish notability can be especially hard when writing about people or organizations.
Sources that are not independent of the subject might be useful additions, but don't count towards the notability requirement.
Wikipedia has developed special guidelines for writing about
living persons. Please follow these carefully.
Wikipedia has a series of
guidelines for writing about different categories of people, such as academics and artists. If you're trying to create a new entry about a living person, please look at these carefully.
If you're not sure whether a source is reliable, ask a librarian! If you have questions about Wikipedia's sourcing rules, you can use the Get Help button below to contact your Wikipedia Expert.
This website is published by The National Environmental Education Foundation (NEEF), so it should be a reliable source. It covers topics about how climate change is affecting animal habitats.
This is a secondary source from my first source. This online study discusses the rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. This should be a credible source to use.
This is another secondary source from my first source. This online article talks about how Arctic Animals' Movement Patterns are Shifting in Different Ways as the Climate Changes. This should be a credible source.
Luke, Learie. 2007. Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
This is a book published by a university press, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (2013-11-08). "Sabinaria , a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border". Phytotaxa.
This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source. It covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for a specific fact. Since it only dedicates a few sentences to the topic, it can't be used to establish notability.
Under my articles general section it is indicated that it needs to be updated with newly available information. Here I will use my second sources update this section with more relevant information.
Another area in need of update in my article is the Species Migration and Invasive Species sections. This section needs recent events and newly available information. Here I will use my first source to add this new information.
A few animal species are equipped to adapt to changing environmental conditions, but the majority are not.[1]
When the fall migration season comes around the effects of climate change can really be seen. Many animals begin to prepare for the winter months during this time.[1] Warmer weather effects how plants bloom and how they expand into cooler locations which causes ecosystems and animals migration patterns to change.[1]
A study from 2011 found that in the last century plants and wildlife have moved to higher elevations at a rate of 36 feet per decade, making room for invasive species to invade.[2]
ARCTIC: Many different species of Arctic animals are affected by changing global temperatures. This can affect how they care and raise their young and how they search for food.[3] Researchers have found that predators and pray respond differently to climate change causing a disruption of the equilibrium between the two.[3]
Climate change has affected many different species of Arctic animals. Warm spring temperatures and cool fall temperatures act as cues telling animals when to migrate, mate, and find food. Unknown impacts can occur in these ecosystems and to the animals that live in them if these schedules are shifted by just a few days or weeks. Unfortunately changes in these seasonal timings have already begun to occur.[4] These shifts change how they care and raise young and how they search for food. Researchers have found that predators and pray respond differently to climate change causing a disruption of the equilibrium between the two.[2]
Now that you have compiled a bibliography, it's time to plan out how you'll improve your assigned article.
In this section, write up a concise outline of how the sources you've identified will add relevant information to your chosen article. Be sure to discuss what content gap your additions tackle and how these additions will improve the article's quality.
Consider other changes you'll make to the article, including possible deletions of irrelevant, outdated, or incorrect information, restructuring of the article to improve its readability or any other change you plan on making. This is your chance to really think about how your proposed additions will improve your chosen article and to vet your sources even further.
Note: This is not a draft. This is an outline/plan where you can think about how the sources you've identified will fill in a content gap.
^
abcCite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).
^
abCite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).
^
abCite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).
^Skre, Oddvar; Baxter, Robert; Crawford, Robert M. M.; Callaghan, Terry V.; Fedorkov, Alexey (2002). "How Will the Tundra-Taiga Interface Respond to Climate Change?". Ambio. Spec No 12: 37–46.
ISSN0044-7447.
JSTOR25094574.
PMID12374058.
Reliable publications include established newspapers, academic journals and books, textbooks, and other published sources with reputations for accuracy and fact-checking.
Unreliable sources include blog posts and other self-published works, press releases, and social media posts.
In order for a source to be considered verifiable, other editors should be able to consult the source.
Is the source independent of the subject?
Is the source connected in any way to the subject? This is especially important when writing biographies or about organizations.
For example, if you were writing a biography, sources like the person's webpage or personal blog would not be considered independent.
Is the source primary or secondary?
Primary sources include first-hand accounts, autobiographies, and other original content.
Wikipedia allows limited use of primary sources, but typically only for straightforward, descriptive statements of facts, and only if they are published and verifiable without requiring specialized knowledge.
Secondary sources should be the main basis for a biography on Wikipedia.
If you're working on a topic related to medicine or psychology, ensure that your sources follow
these special guidelines.
If you're creating a new article, consider the following:
Ensure that your topic meets Wikipedia's
notability guidelines.
In order for a topic to meet the notability requirement, you must be able to identify 2-3 sources that are reliable, verifiable, and independent of the subject you're writing about.
Finding sufficient sources to establish notability can be especially hard when writing about people or organizations.
Sources that are not independent of the subject might be useful additions, but don't count towards the notability requirement.
Wikipedia has developed special guidelines for writing about
living persons. Please follow these carefully.
Wikipedia has a series of
guidelines for writing about different categories of people, such as academics and artists. If you're trying to create a new entry about a living person, please look at these carefully.
If you're not sure whether a source is reliable, ask a librarian! If you have questions about Wikipedia's sourcing rules, you can use the Get Help button below to contact your Wikipedia Expert.
This website is published by The National Environmental Education Foundation (NEEF), so it should be a reliable source. It covers topics about how climate change is affecting animal habitats.
This is a secondary source from my first source. This online study discusses the rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming. This should be a credible source to use.
This is another secondary source from my first source. This online article talks about how Arctic Animals' Movement Patterns are Shifting in Different Ways as the Climate Changes. This should be a credible source.
Luke, Learie. 2007. Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
This is a book published by a university press, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (2013-11-08). "Sabinaria , a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border". Phytotaxa.
This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source. It covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for a specific fact. Since it only dedicates a few sentences to the topic, it can't be used to establish notability.
Under my articles general section it is indicated that it needs to be updated with newly available information. Here I will use my second sources update this section with more relevant information.
Another area in need of update in my article is the Species Migration and Invasive Species sections. This section needs recent events and newly available information. Here I will use my first source to add this new information.
A few animal species are equipped to adapt to changing environmental conditions, but the majority are not.[1]
When the fall migration season comes around the effects of climate change can really be seen. Many animals begin to prepare for the winter months during this time.[1] Warmer weather effects how plants bloom and how they expand into cooler locations which causes ecosystems and animals migration patterns to change.[1]
A study from 2011 found that in the last century plants and wildlife have moved to higher elevations at a rate of 36 feet per decade, making room for invasive species to invade.[2]
ARCTIC: Many different species of Arctic animals are affected by changing global temperatures. This can affect how they care and raise their young and how they search for food.[3] Researchers have found that predators and pray respond differently to climate change causing a disruption of the equilibrium between the two.[3]
Climate change has affected many different species of Arctic animals. Warm spring temperatures and cool fall temperatures act as cues telling animals when to migrate, mate, and find food. Unknown impacts can occur in these ecosystems and to the animals that live in them if these schedules are shifted by just a few days or weeks. Unfortunately changes in these seasonal timings have already begun to occur.[4] These shifts change how they care and raise young and how they search for food. Researchers have found that predators and pray respond differently to climate change causing a disruption of the equilibrium between the two.[2]
Now that you have compiled a bibliography, it's time to plan out how you'll improve your assigned article.
In this section, write up a concise outline of how the sources you've identified will add relevant information to your chosen article. Be sure to discuss what content gap your additions tackle and how these additions will improve the article's quality.
Consider other changes you'll make to the article, including possible deletions of irrelevant, outdated, or incorrect information, restructuring of the article to improve its readability or any other change you plan on making. This is your chance to really think about how your proposed additions will improve your chosen article and to vet your sources even further.
Note: This is not a draft. This is an outline/plan where you can think about how the sources you've identified will fill in a content gap.
^
abcCite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).
^
abCite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).
^
abCite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).
^Skre, Oddvar; Baxter, Robert; Crawford, Robert M. M.; Callaghan, Terry V.; Fedorkov, Alexey (2002). "How Will the Tundra-Taiga Interface Respond to Climate Change?". Ambio. Spec No 12: 37–46.
ISSN0044-7447.
JSTOR25094574.
PMID12374058.