1. I feel that some of the information that is in history section such as how "Shoreline" came to be needs a citation.
2. "After the incorporation of Lake Forest Park in 1961, the remainder of the Shoreline School District remained an unincorporated portion of King County. Fifty-one years after it had been named, on August 31, 1995 Shoreline was officially incorporated as a code city and adopted the council-manager form of government. " this line is unclear because I am not sure if it is 51 years before 1961 or from 1961 to 1995 which would make the math wrong?
19:02, 19 May 2017 (UTC) Spenzer2 (talk)
Digital Microfluidics (DMF) allows for precise manipulation and coordination in small-scale chemical synthesis reactions due to its ability to control minuscule volumes of liquid reagents. [1] Low volume of liquid reagents allow for less use of reagents and is ideal in synthesizing compounds such as peptidomimetics(link) and PET (Link) tracers. [2] [3] [4]
Haven't added this to the Digital Microfluidics page yet since would require new sections.
Synthesis - compounds, different types of reactions, gels?
What I drafted was similar to what I have down below before peer review. Not sure what to draft exactly.
Article Before Peer Review
Synthesis
Digital Microfluidics (DMF) allows for precise manipulation and coordination in small-scale chemical synthesis reactions due to its ability to control minuscule volumes of liquid reagents. [1] Low volume of liquid reagents allow for less use of reagents and is ideal in synthesizing compounds such as peptidomimetics(link) and PET (Link) tracers. [2] [3] [4] PET(link) tracers require only nanogram quantities and such DMF allows for automated and rapid synthesis of tracers with 90-95% efficiency compared to conventional techniques. [3] [5]
Organic reagents often propose a problem in DMF because they tend to wet the DMF device and cause flooding. Synthesis of organic reagents can be achieved through DMF technique by carrying the organic reagents through an ionic liquid droplet. [6] Thus preventing the organic reagent from flooding the DMF device. Sometimes droplets are combined together by inducing opposite charges thus attracting them to each other. [7] This allows for automated mixing of droplets. Mixing of droplets are also used to deposit MOF crystals for printing by delivery of reagents into wells and then allowed to evaporate. [8] This method of MOF crystal deposition is relatively cheap and doesn’t require extensive robotic equipment. [8]
DMF devices also can be used in the synthesis of cell cultures. Digital microfluidic Immunocytochemistry in Single Cells (DISC) was developed using DMF platforms to culture and use antibodies to label phosphorylated proteins. [9] These cultured cells can the be removed and taken off chip for screening. Another technique synthesizes hydrogels within DMF platforms. The process uses electrodes to deliver reagents necessary to produce the hydrogel and then reagents can be delivered to the gel to absorbed for culture. [4] [10] The hydrogels are an improvement over 2D cell culture because 3D cell culture have increased cell-cell interactions. [10] Spherical cell cultures are another method developed around the ability of DMF to deliver droplets to cells droplets. Application of electric potential allows automation of droplet transfer directly to the cell culture which hangs from the device. [4] [11] Spherical cell culture mimics in vivo tissues. DMF platforms are able to achieve cell free cloning by performing in vitro cloning through smPCR(link) inside droplets. [12] These are then cultured within the cell by using different temperature electrodes at different parts of the DMF device. [12]
References
My Article After Peer Review
Synthesis
Digital Microfluidics (DMF) allows for precise manipulation and coordination in small-scale chemical synthesis reactions due to its ability to control micro scale volumes of liquid reagents, allowing for overall less reagent use and waste. [1] This technology can be used in the synthesis compounds such as peptidomimetics and PET tracers. [2] [3] [4] PET tracers require nanogram quantities and as such, DMF allows for automated and rapid synthesis of tracers with 90-95% efficiency compared to conventional macro-scale techniques. [3] [5]
Organic reagents are not commonly used in DMF because they tend to wet the DMF device and cause flooding; however synthesis of organic reagents can be achieved through DMF techniques by carrying the organic reagents through an ionic liquid droplet, thus preventing the organic reagent from flooding the DMF device. [6] Droplets are combined together by inducing opposite charges thus attracting them to each other. [7] This allows for automated mixing of droplets. Mixing of droplets are also used to deposit MOF crystals for printing by delivering reagents into wells and evaporating the solutions for crystal deposition. [8] This method of MOF crystal deposition is relatively cheap and does not require extensive robotic equipment. [8]
DMF devices also can be used in cell cultures. Digital Microfluidic Immunocytochemistry in Single Cells (DISC) was developed using DMF platforms to culture and use antibodies to label phosphorylated proteins in the cell. [9] Cultured cells are then removed and taken off chip for screening. Another technique synthesizes hydrogels within DMF platforms. The process uses electrodes to deliver reagents to produce the hydrogel, and then delivery of cell culture reagents for absorption into the gel. [4] [10] The hydrogels are an improvement over 2D cell culture because 3D cell culture have increased cell-cell interactions. [10] Spherical cell cultures are another method developed around the ability of DMF to deliver droplets to cells. Application of an electric potential allows for automation of droplet transfer directly to the hanging cell culture. [4] [11] Cell culture in spheroids mimic in vivo tissues. [11] Another use of DMF platforms in cell culture is its ability to conduct cell free in vitro through single molecule PCR inside droplets. [12] PCR amplified products are then cultured within the cell by using a temperatue gradient across the surface of the DMF platform. [12]
1. I feel that some of the information that is in history section such as how "Shoreline" came to be needs a citation.
2. "After the incorporation of Lake Forest Park in 1961, the remainder of the Shoreline School District remained an unincorporated portion of King County. Fifty-one years after it had been named, on August 31, 1995 Shoreline was officially incorporated as a code city and adopted the council-manager form of government. " this line is unclear because I am not sure if it is 51 years before 1961 or from 1961 to 1995 which would make the math wrong?
19:02, 19 May 2017 (UTC) Spenzer2 (talk)
Digital Microfluidics (DMF) allows for precise manipulation and coordination in small-scale chemical synthesis reactions due to its ability to control minuscule volumes of liquid reagents. [1] Low volume of liquid reagents allow for less use of reagents and is ideal in synthesizing compounds such as peptidomimetics(link) and PET (Link) tracers. [2] [3] [4]
Haven't added this to the Digital Microfluidics page yet since would require new sections.
Synthesis - compounds, different types of reactions, gels?
What I drafted was similar to what I have down below before peer review. Not sure what to draft exactly.
Article Before Peer Review
Synthesis
Digital Microfluidics (DMF) allows for precise manipulation and coordination in small-scale chemical synthesis reactions due to its ability to control minuscule volumes of liquid reagents. [1] Low volume of liquid reagents allow for less use of reagents and is ideal in synthesizing compounds such as peptidomimetics(link) and PET (Link) tracers. [2] [3] [4] PET(link) tracers require only nanogram quantities and such DMF allows for automated and rapid synthesis of tracers with 90-95% efficiency compared to conventional techniques. [3] [5]
Organic reagents often propose a problem in DMF because they tend to wet the DMF device and cause flooding. Synthesis of organic reagents can be achieved through DMF technique by carrying the organic reagents through an ionic liquid droplet. [6] Thus preventing the organic reagent from flooding the DMF device. Sometimes droplets are combined together by inducing opposite charges thus attracting them to each other. [7] This allows for automated mixing of droplets. Mixing of droplets are also used to deposit MOF crystals for printing by delivery of reagents into wells and then allowed to evaporate. [8] This method of MOF crystal deposition is relatively cheap and doesn’t require extensive robotic equipment. [8]
DMF devices also can be used in the synthesis of cell cultures. Digital microfluidic Immunocytochemistry in Single Cells (DISC) was developed using DMF platforms to culture and use antibodies to label phosphorylated proteins. [9] These cultured cells can the be removed and taken off chip for screening. Another technique synthesizes hydrogels within DMF platforms. The process uses electrodes to deliver reagents necessary to produce the hydrogel and then reagents can be delivered to the gel to absorbed for culture. [4] [10] The hydrogels are an improvement over 2D cell culture because 3D cell culture have increased cell-cell interactions. [10] Spherical cell cultures are another method developed around the ability of DMF to deliver droplets to cells droplets. Application of electric potential allows automation of droplet transfer directly to the cell culture which hangs from the device. [4] [11] Spherical cell culture mimics in vivo tissues. DMF platforms are able to achieve cell free cloning by performing in vitro cloning through smPCR(link) inside droplets. [12] These are then cultured within the cell by using different temperature electrodes at different parts of the DMF device. [12]
References
My Article After Peer Review
Synthesis
Digital Microfluidics (DMF) allows for precise manipulation and coordination in small-scale chemical synthesis reactions due to its ability to control micro scale volumes of liquid reagents, allowing for overall less reagent use and waste. [1] This technology can be used in the synthesis compounds such as peptidomimetics and PET tracers. [2] [3] [4] PET tracers require nanogram quantities and as such, DMF allows for automated and rapid synthesis of tracers with 90-95% efficiency compared to conventional macro-scale techniques. [3] [5]
Organic reagents are not commonly used in DMF because they tend to wet the DMF device and cause flooding; however synthesis of organic reagents can be achieved through DMF techniques by carrying the organic reagents through an ionic liquid droplet, thus preventing the organic reagent from flooding the DMF device. [6] Droplets are combined together by inducing opposite charges thus attracting them to each other. [7] This allows for automated mixing of droplets. Mixing of droplets are also used to deposit MOF crystals for printing by delivering reagents into wells and evaporating the solutions for crystal deposition. [8] This method of MOF crystal deposition is relatively cheap and does not require extensive robotic equipment. [8]
DMF devices also can be used in cell cultures. Digital Microfluidic Immunocytochemistry in Single Cells (DISC) was developed using DMF platforms to culture and use antibodies to label phosphorylated proteins in the cell. [9] Cultured cells are then removed and taken off chip for screening. Another technique synthesizes hydrogels within DMF platforms. The process uses electrodes to deliver reagents to produce the hydrogel, and then delivery of cell culture reagents for absorption into the gel. [4] [10] The hydrogels are an improvement over 2D cell culture because 3D cell culture have increased cell-cell interactions. [10] Spherical cell cultures are another method developed around the ability of DMF to deliver droplets to cells. Application of an electric potential allows for automation of droplet transfer directly to the hanging cell culture. [4] [11] Cell culture in spheroids mimic in vivo tissues. [11] Another use of DMF platforms in cell culture is its ability to conduct cell free in vitro through single molecule PCR inside droplets. [12] PCR amplified products are then cultured within the cell by using a temperatue gradient across the surface of the DMF platform. [12]