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Key to type (fourth column):
A Attack without prior, formal declaration of war;
R Revolt, usually supported by one of the sides without a formal declaration of war;
S Severing of diplomatic relations without a formal declaration of war;
U State of war arrived at through use of ultimatum;
V Volunteers sent out without a formal declaration of war;
W Formal declaration of war made.
Date Initiator nation(s) Targeted nation(s) Type Notes/comments Document/event Reference
July 28, 1914   Austria-Hungary [a]   Serbia W The Bombing of Belgrade, and by extension the first military action of the war, began at midnight on July 28 and 29. [1] Declaration [2]
August 1, 1914   German Empire [b]   Russian Empire [c] W Declaration [3]
August 2, 1914   Luxembourg A Invasion started 3 p.m. CET. Never officially declared war. Invasion [4]
August 3, 1914   France [d] W Declaration [3]
August 4, 1914   Belgium U Invasion [5]
  British Empire [e]   German Empire U Ultimatum expired at 11 p.m. GMT, and 12 a.m. CET on August 5. [6] Declaration [7]
August 6, 1914   Montenegro   Austria-Hungary W Declaration [8]
  Austria-Hungary   Russian Empire W
August 8, 1914
  German Empire W
August 12, 1914
  Austria-Hungary W
August 23, 1914   Japan   German Empire U Ultimatum sent to Germany on August 15, but went unanswered by the government. Declaration [9]
August 25, 1914   Austria-Hungary W [10]
August 28, 1914   Austria-Hungary   Belgium W
September 15, 1914   Transvaal Republic   British Empire R Uprising supported by Germany. Rebellion
October 29, 1914   Ottoman Empire   Russian Empire A Attacks against Russian ports by German admiral Wilhelm Souchon. Attacks [11]
November 1, 1914   Russian Empire   Ottoman Empire W [12]
November 5, 1914
W [13]
W [13]
November 11, 1914   Ottoman Empire
W Read out on November 14 as a jihad against "all enemies of the Ottoman Empire, except the Central Powers." Declaration [14]
December 2, 1914   Serbia   Ottoman Empire W
December 3, 1914   Montenegro W
December 5, 1914   Japan W
December 11, 1914 Senusiyya   British Empire A The Senussi never officially joined the Central Powers, but were supported by the Ottomans and Germans. Attack
April 29, 1915   Italy A
May 23, 1915   Italy   Austria-Hungary W
June 3, 1915   San Marino W Despite declaring war, the nation sent very few volunteer forces, nor did it participate in any peace treaties. [15] [16] [17]
August 21, 1915   Italy   Ottoman Empire W
August 28, 1915   German Empire W
September 14, 1915 Senusiyya   France A
June 10, 1916   Hejaz   Ottoman Empire R Uprising supported by the United Kingdom. Rebellion
August 26, 1916   Bulgaria   Greece A Invasion
August 27, 1916   Romania   Austria-Hungary A Joined the war after an ultimatum issued to them by the Allies stating for them to join "now or never". Naval raid
August 28, 1916   German Empire   Romania W
August 30, 1916   Ottoman Empire W
Kingdom of Greece PGND   Greece R Rival government formed by Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos to defend the nation during the National Schism. Coup d'état
September 1, 1916   Bulgaria   Romania W
October 1, 1916 Kingdom of Greece PGND
W [18]
April 6, 1917   United States   German Empire W Declaration [19]
April 7, 1917
W [20]
W
April 27, 1917   Guatemala S [21]
June 27, 1917   Greece W
W
W
W
September 21, 1917   Costa Rica   German Empire S [22]
December 7, 1917   Ecuador S Did not declare war, but was present at the Treaty of Versailles. [23]
  United States   Austria-Hungary W Declaration [24]
December 10, 1917   Panama W Of the Latin American nations, Panama was the only one to quickly follow the U.S. in declaring war on Austria-Hungary. [25]
April 23, 1918   Guatemala   German Empire W
May 6, 1918   Nicaragua   Austria-Hungary W Nicaragua was the only other Central American nation to declare war on both Germany and Austria-Hungary. [26]
  German Empire W
May 23, 1918   Costa Rica W [27]
July 12, 1918   Haiti W
July 19, 1918   Honduras W
November 10, 1918   Romania
W Re-declared war after the abdication of Wilhelm II, and one day before the Armistice of 11 November 1918 Declaration [28]

Notes

  1. ^ De facto dissolved on October 31, 1918, being replaced with the Republic of German-Austria and Kingdom of Hungary.
  2. ^ Also includes the Weimar Republic, which was de facto established on November 10, 1918, after the abdication of Wilhelm II.
  3. ^ Including the protectorates of the Uryankhay Krai (modern day Tuva), Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva.
  4. ^ Including all colonies, Morocco and Tunisia
  5. ^ Including the United Kingdom, Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and all colonies and protectorates.

References

  1. ^ Rauchensteiner, Manfried (2014). The First World War: and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914–1918. Translated by Güttel-Bellert, Anna; Kay, Alex. Böhlau Wien. pp. 142–143. ISBN  978-3-205-79370-0.
  2. ^ Joseph, Franz (July 29, 1914). "Kriegserklärung Österreichs an Serbien" [Austria declares war on Serbia]. Wiener Zeitung (in German). No. 175. Government of Austria-Hungary. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Declaration of War by Germany on Russia (Saturday, August 1, at7.10 P.M.); and on France (Monday, August 3, at 6.45 P.M.)". The American Journal of International Law. 9 (2): 260–302. 1915. doi: 10.2307/2212042. ISSN  0002-9300.
  4. ^ Otte, Thomas (2014). July Crisis: The World's Descent into War, Summer 1914. Cambridge University. p. 487. ISBN  978-1-1070-6490-4.
  5. ^ Skinner, Henry; Stacke, Harry (1922). "History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence". Principal Events 1914–1918. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC  17673086.
  6. ^ Churchill, Winston S. (1938). "X: The Mobiliization of the Navy". The World Crisis 1911-1918. Vol. 1. Odhams Press. p. 186.
  7. ^ "Violation of Belgian Neutrality". Government of the United Kingdom. August 4, 1914. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  8. ^ Rappaport, Alfred (1929). "Die Mobilmachung Montenegros im Sommer 1914" [The Mobilization of Montenegro in the Summer of 1914]. Berliner Monatshefte (in German). pp. 941–966.
  9. ^ 宣戦の詔書 [Imperial Rescript on Declaration of War] (PDF) (in Japanese). Library of Congress. August 23, 1914. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  10. ^ Mizokami, Kyle (July 26, 2014). "Japan's baptism of fire: World War I put country on a collision course with West". The Japan Times. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  11. ^ Nicolle, David (2008). The Ottomans: Empire of Faith. Thalamus Publishing. p. 167. ISBN  978-1902886114.
  12. ^ McMeekin, Sean (June 5, 2013). The Russian Origins of the First World War. Harvard University Press. ISBN  9780674072336. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  13. ^ a b Vasquez, John A. (November 19, 2018). Contagion and War: Lessons from the First World War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN  9781108417044.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year ( link)
  14. ^ Lüdke, Tilman (December 17, 2018). "Jihad, Holy War (Ottoman Empire)". 1914-1918-online. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  15. ^ "World Wars and Fascism in San Marino". SanMarinoSite.com. April 10, 2014. Archived from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  16. ^ "International law documents, neutrality, breaking of diplomatic relations, war, with notes 1917". Naval War College. Archived from the original on August 5, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  17. ^ "TINY SAN MARINO AT WAR WITH AUSTRIA; Republic Surrounded by Italian Territory Has are Army of About 1,000 Men". The New York Times. June 4, 1915. p. 3. ISSN  0362-4331. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  18. ^ "Greece Declares War". The Adveriser. October 2, 1916. p. 7. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  19. ^ ""It Has No Popular Support": Robert M. La Follette Votes Against a Declaration of War". History Matters. Appalachian State University. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  20. ^ "Cuba Declares War on Germany". The Arizona Daily Star. Lee Enterprises. April 7, 1917. p. 1.
  21. ^ Lansing (May 2, 1917). "The Secretary of State to the Minister in Salvador ( Long)". Government of the United States. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  22. ^ Lansing (September 21, 1917). "The Secretary of State to the Chargé in Costa Rica ( Johnson)". Government of the United States. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  23. ^ "Ecuador Severs Relations with Germany". The New Zealand Herald. New Zealand Media and Entertainment. December 11, 1917. p. 5. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  24. ^ Elsea, Jennifer (April 18, 2014). "Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Congressional Research Service. p. 4. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  25. ^ Price (December 10, 1917). "The Minister in Panama ( Price ) to the Secretary of State". Government of the United States. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  26. ^ "Nicaragua Declares War on Germany and Her Allies". The New York Times. May 8, 1918. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  27. ^ Cuatro, Pagina (May 24, 1918). "Se Proclama el Estado de Guerra Entre Costa Rica y el Imperio Aleman" [State of war Declared Between Costa Rica and the German Empire]. La Información (in Spanish). p. 4.
  28. ^ Ferro, Marc (2002). The Great War, 1914–1918. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN  9780415267359.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=User:Shadowboxer2005/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I&oldid=1217622497"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Key to type (fourth column):
A Attack without prior, formal declaration of war;
R Revolt, usually supported by one of the sides without a formal declaration of war;
S Severing of diplomatic relations without a formal declaration of war;
U State of war arrived at through use of ultimatum;
V Volunteers sent out without a formal declaration of war;
W Formal declaration of war made.
Date Initiator nation(s) Targeted nation(s) Type Notes/comments Document/event Reference
July 28, 1914   Austria-Hungary [a]   Serbia W The Bombing of Belgrade, and by extension the first military action of the war, began at midnight on July 28 and 29. [1] Declaration [2]
August 1, 1914   German Empire [b]   Russian Empire [c] W Declaration [3]
August 2, 1914   Luxembourg A Invasion started 3 p.m. CET. Never officially declared war. Invasion [4]
August 3, 1914   France [d] W Declaration [3]
August 4, 1914   Belgium U Invasion [5]
  British Empire [e]   German Empire U Ultimatum expired at 11 p.m. GMT, and 12 a.m. CET on August 5. [6] Declaration [7]
August 6, 1914   Montenegro   Austria-Hungary W Declaration [8]
  Austria-Hungary   Russian Empire W
August 8, 1914
  German Empire W
August 12, 1914
  Austria-Hungary W
August 23, 1914   Japan   German Empire U Ultimatum sent to Germany on August 15, but went unanswered by the government. Declaration [9]
August 25, 1914   Austria-Hungary W [10]
August 28, 1914   Austria-Hungary   Belgium W
September 15, 1914   Transvaal Republic   British Empire R Uprising supported by Germany. Rebellion
October 29, 1914   Ottoman Empire   Russian Empire A Attacks against Russian ports by German admiral Wilhelm Souchon. Attacks [11]
November 1, 1914   Russian Empire   Ottoman Empire W [12]
November 5, 1914
W [13]
W [13]
November 11, 1914   Ottoman Empire
W Read out on November 14 as a jihad against "all enemies of the Ottoman Empire, except the Central Powers." Declaration [14]
December 2, 1914   Serbia   Ottoman Empire W
December 3, 1914   Montenegro W
December 5, 1914   Japan W
December 11, 1914 Senusiyya   British Empire A The Senussi never officially joined the Central Powers, but were supported by the Ottomans and Germans. Attack
April 29, 1915   Italy A
May 23, 1915   Italy   Austria-Hungary W
June 3, 1915   San Marino W Despite declaring war, the nation sent very few volunteer forces, nor did it participate in any peace treaties. [15] [16] [17]
August 21, 1915   Italy   Ottoman Empire W
August 28, 1915   German Empire W
September 14, 1915 Senusiyya   France A
June 10, 1916   Hejaz   Ottoman Empire R Uprising supported by the United Kingdom. Rebellion
August 26, 1916   Bulgaria   Greece A Invasion
August 27, 1916   Romania   Austria-Hungary A Joined the war after an ultimatum issued to them by the Allies stating for them to join "now or never". Naval raid
August 28, 1916   German Empire   Romania W
August 30, 1916   Ottoman Empire W
Kingdom of Greece PGND   Greece R Rival government formed by Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos to defend the nation during the National Schism. Coup d'état
September 1, 1916   Bulgaria   Romania W
October 1, 1916 Kingdom of Greece PGND
W [18]
April 6, 1917   United States   German Empire W Declaration [19]
April 7, 1917
W [20]
W
April 27, 1917   Guatemala S [21]
June 27, 1917   Greece W
W
W
W
September 21, 1917   Costa Rica   German Empire S [22]
December 7, 1917   Ecuador S Did not declare war, but was present at the Treaty of Versailles. [23]
  United States   Austria-Hungary W Declaration [24]
December 10, 1917   Panama W Of the Latin American nations, Panama was the only one to quickly follow the U.S. in declaring war on Austria-Hungary. [25]
April 23, 1918   Guatemala   German Empire W
May 6, 1918   Nicaragua   Austria-Hungary W Nicaragua was the only other Central American nation to declare war on both Germany and Austria-Hungary. [26]
  German Empire W
May 23, 1918   Costa Rica W [27]
July 12, 1918   Haiti W
July 19, 1918   Honduras W
November 10, 1918   Romania
W Re-declared war after the abdication of Wilhelm II, and one day before the Armistice of 11 November 1918 Declaration [28]

Notes

  1. ^ De facto dissolved on October 31, 1918, being replaced with the Republic of German-Austria and Kingdom of Hungary.
  2. ^ Also includes the Weimar Republic, which was de facto established on November 10, 1918, after the abdication of Wilhelm II.
  3. ^ Including the protectorates of the Uryankhay Krai (modern day Tuva), Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva.
  4. ^ Including all colonies, Morocco and Tunisia
  5. ^ Including the United Kingdom, Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and all colonies and protectorates.

References

  1. ^ Rauchensteiner, Manfried (2014). The First World War: and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914–1918. Translated by Güttel-Bellert, Anna; Kay, Alex. Böhlau Wien. pp. 142–143. ISBN  978-3-205-79370-0.
  2. ^ Joseph, Franz (July 29, 1914). "Kriegserklärung Österreichs an Serbien" [Austria declares war on Serbia]. Wiener Zeitung (in German). No. 175. Government of Austria-Hungary. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  3. ^ a b "Declaration of War by Germany on Russia (Saturday, August 1, at7.10 P.M.); and on France (Monday, August 3, at 6.45 P.M.)". The American Journal of International Law. 9 (2): 260–302. 1915. doi: 10.2307/2212042. ISSN  0002-9300.
  4. ^ Otte, Thomas (2014). July Crisis: The World's Descent into War, Summer 1914. Cambridge University. p. 487. ISBN  978-1-1070-6490-4.
  5. ^ Skinner, Henry; Stacke, Harry (1922). "History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence". Principal Events 1914–1918. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC  17673086.
  6. ^ Churchill, Winston S. (1938). "X: The Mobiliization of the Navy". The World Crisis 1911-1918. Vol. 1. Odhams Press. p. 186.
  7. ^ "Violation of Belgian Neutrality". Government of the United Kingdom. August 4, 1914. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  8. ^ Rappaport, Alfred (1929). "Die Mobilmachung Montenegros im Sommer 1914" [The Mobilization of Montenegro in the Summer of 1914]. Berliner Monatshefte (in German). pp. 941–966.
  9. ^ 宣戦の詔書 [Imperial Rescript on Declaration of War] (PDF) (in Japanese). Library of Congress. August 23, 1914. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  10. ^ Mizokami, Kyle (July 26, 2014). "Japan's baptism of fire: World War I put country on a collision course with West". The Japan Times. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  11. ^ Nicolle, David (2008). The Ottomans: Empire of Faith. Thalamus Publishing. p. 167. ISBN  978-1902886114.
  12. ^ McMeekin, Sean (June 5, 2013). The Russian Origins of the First World War. Harvard University Press. ISBN  9780674072336. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  13. ^ a b Vasquez, John A. (November 19, 2018). Contagion and War: Lessons from the First World War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN  9781108417044.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year ( link)
  14. ^ Lüdke, Tilman (December 17, 2018). "Jihad, Holy War (Ottoman Empire)". 1914-1918-online. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  15. ^ "World Wars and Fascism in San Marino". SanMarinoSite.com. April 10, 2014. Archived from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
  16. ^ "International law documents, neutrality, breaking of diplomatic relations, war, with notes 1917". Naval War College. Archived from the original on August 5, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  17. ^ "TINY SAN MARINO AT WAR WITH AUSTRIA; Republic Surrounded by Italian Territory Has are Army of About 1,000 Men". The New York Times. June 4, 1915. p. 3. ISSN  0362-4331. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  18. ^ "Greece Declares War". The Adveriser. October 2, 1916. p. 7. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  19. ^ ""It Has No Popular Support": Robert M. La Follette Votes Against a Declaration of War". History Matters. Appalachian State University. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  20. ^ "Cuba Declares War on Germany". The Arizona Daily Star. Lee Enterprises. April 7, 1917. p. 1.
  21. ^ Lansing (May 2, 1917). "The Secretary of State to the Minister in Salvador ( Long)". Government of the United States. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  22. ^ Lansing (September 21, 1917). "The Secretary of State to the Chargé in Costa Rica ( Johnson)". Government of the United States. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  23. ^ "Ecuador Severs Relations with Germany". The New Zealand Herald. New Zealand Media and Entertainment. December 11, 1917. p. 5. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  24. ^ Elsea, Jennifer (April 18, 2014). "Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Congressional Research Service. p. 4. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  25. ^ Price (December 10, 1917). "The Minister in Panama ( Price ) to the Secretary of State". Government of the United States. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  26. ^ "Nicaragua Declares War on Germany and Her Allies". The New York Times. May 8, 1918. p. 1. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  27. ^ Cuatro, Pagina (May 24, 1918). "Se Proclama el Estado de Guerra Entre Costa Rica y el Imperio Aleman" [State of war Declared Between Costa Rica and the German Empire]. La Información (in Spanish). p. 4.
  28. ^ Ferro, Marc (2002). The Great War, 1914–1918. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN  9780415267359.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=User:Shadowboxer2005/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I&oldid=1217622497"

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