Wikipedia – I came for more knowledge, I stayed to correct the stupidity. I will leave disappointed…
Man of the year 18xx had a problem: his project was in need of track ballast. So he solved that problem… »The ancient city of Harappa was heavily damaged under British rule, when bricks from the ruins were used as track ballast in the construction of the Lahore-Multan Railway.« from Harappa
The article chicken tax does mention, that France started the process, then names German and Japanese products, that lost substantial market share due to the imposed chicken tax, and then it fails to name French products. Or any other, then German and Japanese cars manufactured abroad.
… without providing any further information to render a translation of the marketing-speak nonsense into something technically understandable possible.
The
Club of Rome is supposed to have foreseen the necessity of choice for titi-tainment and
Game of Thrones is certainly that kind of "education". Is
Andrzej Sapkowski better then
George R. R. Martin? What is Steven King's opinion of these works? Is this the
Clash of Civilizations between east and west?
User:ScotXW
t@lk 16:48, 24 March 2017 (UTC)
The personal reality distortion field is available as equipment for the men in black. This amazing technology is also available for a bus or a truck, and of course stationary in form of a fiurer bunker.
Since economists ponder on human behavior, more precisely on "optimal" human behavior, they know best.
Instead of giving people the option to be put in the list, they are automatically put in and then have the option to request to be taken out. This approach is illegal in the European Union and many other jurisdictions.
Opt-in is a term used when someone is not initially added to a participant group and is instead given the option to join it explicitly.
The term opt-out refers to several methods by which individuals can avoid receiving unsolicited product or service information.
unsolicited = nicht angefordert by default = automatisch, ohne Zutun explicitly = ausdrücklich
Opt-in und opt-out sind englische Begriffe welches das Verfahren|die Vorgehensweise bezeichnen, mit welcher eine Auswahl getroffen wird.
The hardware:
computer keyboard, specifically some
IBM PC keyboard; involves
µController,
switches, involves
multiplexing, interfaces:
PS/2 is not
hot-pluggable and uses
Mini-DIN-6 connector
We want to configure the operating system to use the intended Keyboard layout / keymap / Tastaturbelegung; we especially want to be able to conveniently enter
punctuation signs and
Sonderzeichen
/etc/locale.conf
, a
text file, stores the system-wide settings and ~/.config/locale.conf
the user settings. Specification: . The file is generated during installation of the operating system, then various programs read from and write to this file, e.g. locale, localectl, dpkg-reconfigure, etc.;
Linux console uses this settings for keyboard layout and message output, as does
man in case a translated version is available!
/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/
. E.g. the
deb packages
kbd
console-data contain these files.
console-setup does some conversions for X11, see below. Also, don't confuse Linux console with the
Command shell, e.g.
bash, csh, ash, etc.)!sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
sudo localectl set-keymap map
/etc/xorg.conf
(specification: ) to permanently store its configuration/usr/share/X11/xkb/
; deb-package:
xkb-data
sudo yum localinstall --nogpgcheck
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo dnf install audacious-plugins-freeworld audacious-plugins-freeworld-* vlc
A part of the price of a graphics card is the cost of the GPU chip. The cost of the GPU chip could be split into design and manufacturing. The cost for manufacturing could be split into wafer and microfabrication. The bigger the share of the cost for the production of the wafer, the bigger the influence of the GPU's die surface on the graphics card end price, the more elegant to produce a relatively smaller chip that can run a high clock speeds. Nvidia has had rather a tendency towards bigger chips, yet their Tesla 1.0 design clocked the shader ALUs at 1.5 GHz, and now again, their Pascal-based GPUs are clocked at 1.5 GHz.
The GP106 (4400 Mio, 200mm²) competes with both the Polaris 10 (5700Mio,232mm²) and the Polaris 11 (3000Mio,123mm²) chips, meaning the GP104 (7200Mio, 297mm²) as well as the GP102 (12,000Mio, 471mm²) have no 14/16nm competition from AMD.
Pascal Maximum Digital Resolution: 7680x4320@60Hz (7680x4320 at 60Hz RGB 8-bit with dual DisplayPort connectors or 7680x4320 at 60Hz YUV420 8-bit with one DisplayPort 1.3 connector.) Maximum Digital Resolution: DP 1.4, HDMI 2.0b, Dual Link-DVI
Graphics card | Launch | Release Price (US-$) | TDP (watts) | API support (version) | GPU chip | Memory Configuration | Theoretical (=calculated) values | Real-life benchmarks4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct3D | OpenGL | OpenCL | Vulkan | Arch | Name | Transistors (Million) | Die size (mm²) | Core config1 | Clock rate | Amount ( GiB) | Bus width ( bit) | DRAM type | Memory ( MT/s) | Bandwidth ( GB/s) | Processing Power ( GFLOPS)2 | Fillrate3 | Game x | Game y | Game z | ||||||||||||||
Base ( MHz) | Boost ( MHz) | Half Precision | Single Precision | Double Precision | Texture ( GT/s) | Pixel ( GP/s) | Frame rate | FPS/Price | FPS/Power | Frame rate | FPS/Price | FPS/Power | Frame rate | FPS/Price | FPS/Power | ||||||||||||||||||
8800 GTS 512 | 2007-12-11 | $380 | 135W | 10.0 | 3.3 | 1.1 | no | Telsa 1.0 | G92-400 (65nm) | 754 | 324 | 128:64:16 | 650 1625 |
— | 0.5 | 256 | GDDR3 | 1940 | 62.1 | — | 416 | — | 41.6 | 10.4 |
![]() | ||||||||
GTX 285 | 2009-01-15 | $ | 204W | 10.1 | Telsa 2.0 | GT200 (55nm) | 1400 | 470 | 240:80:32 | 648 1476 |
— | 1 | 512 | 2484 | 159.0 | — | 708.5 | — | 51.84 | 20.7 | |||||||||||||
GTX 480 | 2010-03-26 | $500 | 250W | 12.0 (11_0) | 4.6 | 1.2 | Fermi | GF100 (40nm) | 3000 | 529 | 480:60:48 | 700 1401 |
— | 1.5 | 384 | GDDR5 | 3696 | 177.4 | ? | 1344.96 | 168.12 | 42 | 33.6 | ||||||||||
GTX 650 | 2012-09-13 | $110 | 64W | 1.1 | Kepler | GK107 | 1300 | 118 | 384:32:16 | 1058 | 1058 | 1 2 |
128 | 5000 | 80 | ? | 33.86 | 812.54 | 33.8 | 16.9 | |||||||||||||
GTX 650 Ti | 2012-10-09 | $150 | 110W | GK106 | 2540 | 221 | 768:64:16 | 928 | 928 | 1 2 |
5400 | 86.4 | ? | 1425.41 | 59.39 | 59.4 | 14.8 | ||||||||||||||||
GTX 660 | 2012-09-13 | $230 | 140W | 960:80:24 | 980 | 980 | 2 | 192 | 6008 | 144.2 | ? | 1881.6 | 78.40 | 78.4 | 23.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
GTX 680 | 2012-03-22 | $500 | 195W | GK104 | 3540 | 294 | 1536:128:32 | 1006 | 1058 | 2 4 |
256 | 6008 | 192.0 | ? | 2258 | 94.1 | 94.1 | 31.4 | |||||||||||||||
GTX 770 | 2013-05-30 | $400 | 230W | 1046 | 1085 | 7010 | 224 | ? | 3213 | 134 | 134 | 33.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 780 | 2013-05-23 | $650 | 250W | GK110 | 7080 | 561 | 2304:192:48 | 863 | 900 | 3 | 384 | 6008 | 288 | ? | 3977 | 166 | 166 | 41.4 | |||||||||||||||
GTX 780 Ti | 2013-11-07 | $700 | 2880:240:48 | 876 | 928 | 3 | 7000 | 336 | ? | 5046 | 210 | 210 | 42.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 950 | 2015-08-20 | $160 | 90W | 12.0 (12_1) | Maxwell 2.0 | GM206 | 2940 | 227 | 768:48:32 | 1024 | 1188 | 2 4 |
128 | 6610 | 106 | ? | 1572 | 49.1 | 49.2 | 32.7 | |||||||||||||
GTX 960 | 2015-01-22 | $200 | 120W | 1024:64:32 | 1127 | 1178 | 2 4 |
7010 | 112 | ? | 2308 | 72.1 | 72.1 | 39.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
GTX 970 | 2014-09-18 | $330 | 145W | GM204 | 5200 | 398 | 1664:104:56 | 1050 | 1178 | 3.5+0.5 | 196+28 | 192+32 | ? | 3494 | 109 | 109.2 | 54.6 | ||||||||||||||||
GTX 980 | $550 | 165W | 2048:128:64 | 1126 | 1216 | 4 | 256 | 224 | ? | 4612 | 144 | 144 | 72.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 980 Ti | 2015-06-02 | $649 | 250W | GM200 | 8000 | 601 | 2816:176:96 | 1000 | 1076 | 6 | 384 | 336 | ? | 5632 | 1/32 | 176 | 96 | ||||||||||||||||
GTX Titan X | 2015-03-17 | $1000 | 3072:192:96 | 1089 | 12 | 192 | ? | 6144 | 192 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tesla P100 | 2016-06-20 | ??? | 300W | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Pascal | GP100 | 12,000 | 471 | 3840:0:0 | 1354 | 1455 | 12 24 |
1024 | HBM1 | ? | ? | ? | ![]() |
![]() | ||||||||||||
GT 1030 | 2017-05-17 | $80 | 305W | 12.0 (12_1) | 4.5 | 1.0 | GP108 | 1800 | 70 | 384:24:16 | 1227 | 1468 | 2 | 64 | GDDR5 | 6000 | 48 | 15 | 942 | 29 | 29.4 | 19.6 | |||||||||||
GTX 1050 | 2016-10-25 | $110 | 75W | GP107 | 3300 | 132 | 640:40:32 | 1354 | 1455 | 2 | 128 | 7000 | 112 | ? | 1800 | ? | 84.2 | 42.1 | |||||||||||||||
GTX 1050 Ti | $140 | 768:64:32 | 1290 | 1392 | 4 | ? | 2100 | ? | 84.2 | 42.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 1060 3 | 2016-09-18 | $200 | 120W | GP106 | 4400 | 200 | 1152:72:48 | 1506 | 1708 | 3 | 192 | 8000 | 180 | ? | 3470 | 108 | 108.4 | 72.3 | |||||||||||||||
GTX 1060 6 | 2016-07-19 | $250 | 1280:80:48 | 6 | ? | 3855 | 120 | 120.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 1070 | 2016-06-10 | $380 | 150W | GP104 | 7200 | 297 | 1920:120:64 | 1683 | 8 | 256 | 256 | ? | 5783 | 181 | 180.7 | 96.4 | |||||||||||||||||
GTX 1070 Ti | 2017-11-?? | $ | W | 2432:152:64 | 1607 | 256 | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 1080 | 2016-05-27 | $600 | 180W | 2560:160:64 | 1733 | GDDR5X | 10240 | 320 | ? | 8228 | 257 | 257.1 | 102.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 1080 Ti | 2017-03-05 | $700 | 250W | GP102 | 12,000 | 471 | 3584:224:88 | 1480 | 1582 | 11 | 352 | 11000 | 482 | ? | |||||||||||||||||||
Titan X | 2016-08-02 | $1200 | 3584:224:96 | 1417 | 1531 | 12 | 384 | 10240 | 480 | ? | 10157 | 317 | 317.4 | 136 | |||||||||||||||||||
Titan Xp | 2017-04-06 | 3840:240:96 | 1405 | 1582 | 12 | 11410 | 547.7 | ? | 10157 | 317 | 317.4 | 136 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tesla V100 | 2017-06-21 | $ | 300W | ![]() |
![]() |
2.1? | ![]() |
Volta | GV100 | 21,200 | 815 | 5.376:0:0 | TBA | TBA | 16 32 |
4096 | HBM2 | 900 | 900 | TBA | TBA | TBA | ![]() |
![]() | |||||||||
GeForce | 2018-Q2 | $ | W | 12.0 (12_1) | 4.5 | 2.1? | 1.0 | Ampere? | GA104 | ? | ? | TBA | TBA | TBA | GDDR5/GDDR5X/GDDR6 | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA |
Direct3D is a proprietary API only available on the Microsoft Windows family of operating systems. Direct3D 12 is only available on Microsoft Windows version 10 and on the the Xbox One. Vulkan is available on Microsoft Windows 7–10, Linux and Android 7 Nougat and it may be available on the PlayStation 4.
Model | Launch | Release Price (US-$) | TDP (watts) | API support (version) | Chip | Core config1 | Clock rate | Memory configuration | Fillrate | Processing Power ( GFLOPS) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct3D | OpenGL | OpenCL | Vulkan | Arch | Name | Transistors (Million) | Die Size ( mm2) | Core (MHz) | Boost (MHz) | Memory ( MT/s) | Amount ( GiB) | Bus width ( bit) | DRAM type | Bandwidth ( GB/s) | Pixel ( GP/s)2 | Texture ( GT/s)3 | Single Precision | Double Precision | |||||
HD 7730 | 2013-04-?? | $60 | 47W | 12.0 (11_1) | 4.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 | GCN 1st gen | Cape Verde LE | 1500 | 123 | 384:24:8 | 800 | 1125 | 1 | 128 | GDDR3 GDDR5 |
25.6 72 |
6.4 | 19.2 | 614.4 | 38.4 | |
HD 7750 | 2012-02-15 | $110 | 55W | Cape Verde PRO | 512:32:16 | 800 900 |
800 1125 |
1 2 4 |
GDDR3 GDDR5 |
25.6 72 |
12.8 14.4 |
25.6 28.8 |
819.2 921.6 |
51.2 57.6 | |||||||||
HD 7770 | 2012-02-15 | $160 | 80W | Cape Verde XT | 640:40:16 | 1000 | 1125 | 1 2 |
GDDR5 | 72 | 16 | 40 | 1280 | 80 | |||||||||
HD 7850 | 2012-03-19 | $250 | 130W | Pitcairn PRO | 2800 | 212 | 1024:64:32 | 860 | 1200 | 1 2 |
256 | 153.6 | 27.52 | 55.04 | 1761.28 | 110.08 | |||||||
HD 7870 | 2012-03-19 | $350 | 175W | Pitcairn XT | 1280:80:32 | 1000 | 1200 | 2 | 153.6 | 32 | 80 | 2560 | 160 | ||||||||||
HD 7870 XT | 2012-11-19 | $270 | 185W | Tahiti LE | 4313 | 352 | 1536:96:32 | 925 | 975 | 1500 | 2 | 192.0 | 29.6 | 88.8 | 2841.6 2995.2 |
710.4 748.8 | |||||||
HD 7950 | 2012-01-31 | $450 | 200W | Tahiti PRO | 1792:112:32 | 800 | 1250 | 3 | 384 | 240 | 25.6 | 89.6 | 2867.2 | 717 | |||||||||
HD 7970 | 2012-01-09 | $550 | 250W | Tahiti XT | 2048:128:32 | 925 | 1375 | 3 6 |
264 | 29.6 | 118.4 | 3788.8 | 947.2 | ||||||||||
HD 7790 | 2013-03-22 | $150 | 85W | 12.0 (12_0) | 2.1 | GCN 2nd gen | Bonaire XT | 2080 | 160 | 896:56:16 | 1000 | 1500 | 1 2 |
128 | 96 | 16.0 | 56.0 | 1792 | 128 | ||||
R9 290 | 2013-11-05 | $400 | 250W | Hawaii PRO | 6200 | 438 | 2560:160:64 | 947 | — | 5000 | 4 | 512 | 320 | 60 | 152 | 4848.6 | 606.1 | ||||||
R9 290X | 2013-10-24 | $550 | Hawaii XT | 2816:176:64 | 1000 | — | 5000 | 4 8 |
64 | 176 | 5632 | 704 | |||||||||||
R9 285 | 2014-09-02 | $250 | 190W | GCN 3rd gen | Tonga PRO | 5000 | 359 | 1792:112:32 | 918 | — | 5500 | 2 | 256 | 176 | 29.4 | 102.8 | 3290 | 206.6 | |||||
R9 380X | 2015-11-19 | $230 | Tonga XT | 2048:128:32 | 970 | — | 5700 | 4 | 182.4 | 31 | 124.2 | 3973.1 | 248.3 | ||||||||||
R9 Fury | 2015-07-14 | $550 | 275W | Fiji Pro | 8900 | 596 | 3584:224:64 | 1000 | — | 1000 | 4 | 4096 | HBM1 | 512 | 64 | 224 | 7168 | 448 | |||||
R9 Nano | 2015-08-27 | $650 | 175W | Fiji XT | 4096:256:64 | 1000 | — | 64 | 256 | 8192 | 512 | ||||||||||||
R9 Fury X | 2015-06-24 | $650 | 275W | 4096:256:64 | 1050 | — | 67.2 | 268.8 | 8601.6 | 537.6 | |||||||||||||
RX 460 | 2016-08-08 | $110 (2GB) $140 (4GB) |
<75W | GCN 4th gen | Polaris 11 | 3000 | 123 | 896:56:16 | 1090 | 1200 | 7000 | 2 4 |
128 | GDDR5 | 112 | 17.4 | 61 | 1953 | 122 | ||||
RX 470 | 2016-08-04 | $180 | 120W | Polaris 10 | 5700 | 232 | 2048:128:32 | 926 | 1206 | 6600 | 4 | 256 | 211 | 29.6 | 118.5 | 3793 | 237 | ||||||
RX 480 | 2016-06-29 | $200 (4 GB) $240 (8 GB) |
150W | 2304:144:32 | 1120 | 1266 | 7000 8000 |
4 8 |
224 256 |
35.8 | 161.3 | 5161 | 323 | ||||||||||
RX Vega 56 | 2017-08-14/28 | $400 | 210W | GCN 5th gen? | Vega | 12,500 | 486 mm² | 3584:224:64 | 1156 | 1471 | 1600 | 8 | 2048 | HBM2 | 410 | 74.0/94.1 | 258.9/329.5 | ||||||
RX Vega 64 | 2017-08-28 | $500 | 295W | 4096:256:64 | 1247 | 1546 | 1890 | 483.8 | 79.8/98.9 | 319.2/395.8 |
1 Shader ALUs : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
The new Core i9 are available exclusively for the new LGA 2066 (Socket R4). In case this "Exclusive" Interview with Intel engineer about the new Core i9 Series on YouTube confuses you, there are also a couple of Core i5 and Core i7 processors available for this new socket. ;-) Now who is this Brian?
Hmmm, the Radeon RX 580 is listed with a release price of $230,– for the 8 GiB-versions). Yet the cheapest one costs €271,46 and there are prices as high as €400,–. Anything above the manufacturer's suggested retail price (+ taxes) goes to the retailer and will not benefit AMD at all. The high prices are reported to be because of yet another cryptocurrency-craze. Not foreseeing this, costs AMD money, they could have had from their customers. But neither the stock holders nor the R&D-division nor the driver-developers mind; AMD's attitude "barely good enough" keeps everybody happy and the duopoly keeps the company in business.
A Direct Heat Exhaust cooling solution is found in any well designed computer: all the PlayStations, motherboards + casings for 19-inch racks, Industrial PCs, laptops, Dell-, Fujitsu-PCs, etc. Many GeForce graphics cards came with a DHE cooler with a fan ( de:Ventilator); see Centrifugal fan and Computer fan.
VLC media player's default keyboard shortcuts (that can all be reconfigured):
VLC media player is not based on GStreamer, VLC media player has some problems with ogv-file format when jumping wildly through the file. What useful key-bindings does GNOME Videos offer? Maybe prefer Snappy over it. Clutter+GStreamer+minimum amount of own code
sysv-rc-conf
To deal with more complex situations, a configuration must be complex itself. Is it possible to either hide away some of that complexity, or to rather adopt a solution, that does not cover complex situations and and is therefore simple and plain? As long as blindly following on-line guides works…
A simple situation is a single user using Inkscape/etc work on his desktop computer. In case fast-user switching goes hand in hand with a sane plumbing layer, so be it. Other then that, fast-user switching is no priority here.
Most Linux distributions are far beyond the understanding and competence of most private end-users… Examples:
amdgpu.powerplay=1
or nouveau.pstate=1
Why abandon working solutions?
Conclusion: To be able to handle the operating system running on the desktop/laptop computer, it may prove much more productive for the typical office/home computer user to learn this, by bothering with Linux From Scratch or Arch Linux instead of starting to learn the – from his perspective totally bloated – Debian configuration.
Why use GIMP when Tux Paint would suffice?
The fact that I use Debian on a workstation (a desktop computer) makes me dislike the fact, that Debian primarily targets servers and also takes cloud-stuff into account when designing the configuration system. The possible permutation of configurations on such systems thwarts any efforts to keep configuration idiot simple.
Maybe a third iteration of
GNU GRUB will do replace shell script with some ini-files, that do not parse but simply declare: I want this background image, this font, this font-color, etc. systemd introduces exactly that, but instead of configuring my network interfaces in one [man.cx/?page=interfaces documented] file /etc/network/interfaces there are 3 times 3 files. This is the Yocto-way and makes it less type work to configure some fancy containers and stuff but at the cost of being more complicated. Naming the network interfaces "blue dog shit" is another fancy thing for such container and cloud stuff, but it drives me mad because it replaced the well-know eth0 with blue dog shit. A quick ifconfig eth0
may therefore FAIL on Debian because what used to be named eth0 is now being named enp4s0
. What causes the brain-damage in systemd/Debian land?
I don't even require NetworkManager for my single static Ethernet connection, since its actual role was to handle the configuration of the (wireless) network interfaces when connecting using IEEE 802.11.
Despite being full of marketing horse shit up to the point where something is being explained from the view point of some marketing guy, I came upon something I perceive as a serious problem when looking up Wikipedia articles around computer terms, e.g.
A computer file is en entity that is part of a file system. Nothing else. The notion of a computer file was created by the way we store data on persistent storage devices. To further comprehend the terms "directory", "file name", "file format", "file attribute", I would leave the abstraction layer and explain them on the basis of a concrete file system: e.g. ext4.
A "Command-line interface" is a kind/type of Human-machine interface, others being e.g. GUIs, TUIs, Voice-command interfaces, …
pwd
Webcam = hardware device to be connected over USB, FireWire or similar to a Computer, in contrast oto IP cam, that is connected over Ethernet. The hardware device produces a video (motion picture) stream at a maximum resolution and at a maximum refresh rate. The data can be compressed by an appropriate ASIC and deliver a compressed video stream/signal or transmit uncompressed in RGB or YUV.
The Xilinx Zynq Z-7020 combines a Cortex-A9 dual-core with a FPGA. The ZedBoard contains the Zynq Z-7020 and all the necessary interfaces. [2]
The image data comes rolling out of 64 serial LVDS channels at a maximum rate of 300Mbits/sec per channel. AXIOM (camera)
That is ALL there is. But way, lets not omit the brain damage that is rampant in the Wikipedia:
This brain damage would not be a big deal, if there were solidly written and easily understandable articles on computer file, computer file format and compression algorithm. There ain't. Instead there are articles like:
Compare the Wikipedia "offerings": Linux console, System console, Virtual console, Virtual terminal, Pseudoterminal, …
One could bother to port that knowledge into the Wikipedia, but why bother? The Wikipedia has become such a shit place to work in, that I see not point besides maybe, so that one does not depend on google or other search engines.
Linux kernel Virtual File System is a subsystem or layer inside of the Linux kernel. It is the result of the very serious attempt to integrate multiple file systems into an orderly single structure. The key idea - it dates back to the pioneering work done by Sun Microsystems employees in 1986. [3] - is to abstract out that part of the file system that is common to all file systems and put that code in a separate layer that calls the underlying concrete file systems to actually manage the data.
» All system calls related to files (or pseudo files!) are directed to the Linux kernel Virtual File System for initial processing. These calls, coming from user processes, are the standard POSIX calls, such as
open
,
read
,
write
,
lseek
, … .«
Resolution @ display refresh rate | DisplayPort 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
7.680 × 4.320 (8K) @ 60 Hz @ HDR | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
3.840 × 2.160 (4K) @ 120 Hz @ HDR | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
7.680 × 4.320 (8K) @ 60 Hz | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
5.120 × 2.880 (5K) @ 120 Hz | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
5.120 × 2.880 (5K) @ 60 Hz | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
3.840 × 2.160 (4K) @ 120 Hz | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
3.840 × 2.160 (4K) @ 60 Hz | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Family | Seed | processing | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expeller pressing | Grinding/Milling, abrasive cutting | Mix with: Sugar, Honey, … | |||
Asteraceae | Sunflower seed | … oil | + Press cake |
… paste | Halva |
Pedaliaceae | Sesame seed | … oil | … paste | Halva, Hummus, | |
Anacardiaceae | Pistachio | … oil | |||
Betulaceae | Hazelnut | … oil | … flour | + sugar for pastry | |
Rosaceae | Almond | … oil | … paste, … flour, | Marzipan | |
Juglandaceae | Walnut | … oil | … flour | + sugar for pastry | |
Fabaceae | Peanut | … oil | … paste | – | |
Brassicaceae | Rapeseed | … oil | – | – | |
Papaveraceae | Poppy seed | … oil | Poppyseed paste
![]() |
+ sugar for pastry | |
Cannabaceae | Hemp seed | … oil | ? | ? | |
Fagaceae | Chestnut | – | – | chestnut puree/chestnut spread → Gesztenyepüré (hun) → fr:Crème de marrons (frz) |
There is much much room in the Wikipedia for commercial and nationalist brands and only little for basic processing… the result of Idiocracy?
Programmable audio effects: The task is to do "ray-tracing" for "sound" instead of light, i.e. to calculate what the sound stage should sound like based on the physical makeup of the scene and the direction the player is currently looking to in REAL-TIME!:
That's a complex problem to solve in algorithms and results in computationally very expensive code! Besides ray-tracing for sound, appropriate algorithms have to be added to figure out how the listener (with two ears) would perceive the sound and ship that to the speakers.
Is this what Aureal Semiconductor did 15 years ago with theirs Aureal Vortex 2 ASICs?
Or imagine you ride on train through the tunnel and echo of the wheels bumping the rails is literally pressing on you, and suddenly the tunnel expands to the large room and the echo is suddenly much more delayed and attenuated.
People claim such accurate audio model was available in Half-Life 1, when played on a PC with Aureal Vortex 2 hardware and headphones.
Wikipedia – I came for more knowledge, I stayed to correct the stupidity. I will leave disappointed…
Man of the year 18xx had a problem: his project was in need of track ballast. So he solved that problem… »The ancient city of Harappa was heavily damaged under British rule, when bricks from the ruins were used as track ballast in the construction of the Lahore-Multan Railway.« from Harappa
The article chicken tax does mention, that France started the process, then names German and Japanese products, that lost substantial market share due to the imposed chicken tax, and then it fails to name French products. Or any other, then German and Japanese cars manufactured abroad.
… without providing any further information to render a translation of the marketing-speak nonsense into something technically understandable possible.
The
Club of Rome is supposed to have foreseen the necessity of choice for titi-tainment and
Game of Thrones is certainly that kind of "education". Is
Andrzej Sapkowski better then
George R. R. Martin? What is Steven King's opinion of these works? Is this the
Clash of Civilizations between east and west?
User:ScotXW
t@lk 16:48, 24 March 2017 (UTC)
The personal reality distortion field is available as equipment for the men in black. This amazing technology is also available for a bus or a truck, and of course stationary in form of a fiurer bunker.
Since economists ponder on human behavior, more precisely on "optimal" human behavior, they know best.
Instead of giving people the option to be put in the list, they are automatically put in and then have the option to request to be taken out. This approach is illegal in the European Union and many other jurisdictions.
Opt-in is a term used when someone is not initially added to a participant group and is instead given the option to join it explicitly.
The term opt-out refers to several methods by which individuals can avoid receiving unsolicited product or service information.
unsolicited = nicht angefordert by default = automatisch, ohne Zutun explicitly = ausdrücklich
Opt-in und opt-out sind englische Begriffe welches das Verfahren|die Vorgehensweise bezeichnen, mit welcher eine Auswahl getroffen wird.
The hardware:
computer keyboard, specifically some
IBM PC keyboard; involves
µController,
switches, involves
multiplexing, interfaces:
PS/2 is not
hot-pluggable and uses
Mini-DIN-6 connector
We want to configure the operating system to use the intended Keyboard layout / keymap / Tastaturbelegung; we especially want to be able to conveniently enter
punctuation signs and
Sonderzeichen
/etc/locale.conf
, a
text file, stores the system-wide settings and ~/.config/locale.conf
the user settings. Specification: . The file is generated during installation of the operating system, then various programs read from and write to this file, e.g. locale, localectl, dpkg-reconfigure, etc.;
Linux console uses this settings for keyboard layout and message output, as does
man in case a translated version is available!
/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/
. E.g. the
deb packages
kbd
console-data contain these files.
console-setup does some conversions for X11, see below. Also, don't confuse Linux console with the
Command shell, e.g.
bash, csh, ash, etc.)!sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
sudo localectl set-keymap map
/etc/xorg.conf
(specification: ) to permanently store its configuration/usr/share/X11/xkb/
; deb-package:
xkb-data
sudo yum localinstall --nogpgcheck
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo dnf install audacious-plugins-freeworld audacious-plugins-freeworld-* vlc
A part of the price of a graphics card is the cost of the GPU chip. The cost of the GPU chip could be split into design and manufacturing. The cost for manufacturing could be split into wafer and microfabrication. The bigger the share of the cost for the production of the wafer, the bigger the influence of the GPU's die surface on the graphics card end price, the more elegant to produce a relatively smaller chip that can run a high clock speeds. Nvidia has had rather a tendency towards bigger chips, yet their Tesla 1.0 design clocked the shader ALUs at 1.5 GHz, and now again, their Pascal-based GPUs are clocked at 1.5 GHz.
The GP106 (4400 Mio, 200mm²) competes with both the Polaris 10 (5700Mio,232mm²) and the Polaris 11 (3000Mio,123mm²) chips, meaning the GP104 (7200Mio, 297mm²) as well as the GP102 (12,000Mio, 471mm²) have no 14/16nm competition from AMD.
Pascal Maximum Digital Resolution: 7680x4320@60Hz (7680x4320 at 60Hz RGB 8-bit with dual DisplayPort connectors or 7680x4320 at 60Hz YUV420 8-bit with one DisplayPort 1.3 connector.) Maximum Digital Resolution: DP 1.4, HDMI 2.0b, Dual Link-DVI
Graphics card | Launch | Release Price (US-$) | TDP (watts) | API support (version) | GPU chip | Memory Configuration | Theoretical (=calculated) values | Real-life benchmarks4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct3D | OpenGL | OpenCL | Vulkan | Arch | Name | Transistors (Million) | Die size (mm²) | Core config1 | Clock rate | Amount ( GiB) | Bus width ( bit) | DRAM type | Memory ( MT/s) | Bandwidth ( GB/s) | Processing Power ( GFLOPS)2 | Fillrate3 | Game x | Game y | Game z | ||||||||||||||
Base ( MHz) | Boost ( MHz) | Half Precision | Single Precision | Double Precision | Texture ( GT/s) | Pixel ( GP/s) | Frame rate | FPS/Price | FPS/Power | Frame rate | FPS/Price | FPS/Power | Frame rate | FPS/Price | FPS/Power | ||||||||||||||||||
8800 GTS 512 | 2007-12-11 | $380 | 135W | 10.0 | 3.3 | 1.1 | no | Telsa 1.0 | G92-400 (65nm) | 754 | 324 | 128:64:16 | 650 1625 |
— | 0.5 | 256 | GDDR3 | 1940 | 62.1 | — | 416 | — | 41.6 | 10.4 |
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GTX 285 | 2009-01-15 | $ | 204W | 10.1 | Telsa 2.0 | GT200 (55nm) | 1400 | 470 | 240:80:32 | 648 1476 |
— | 1 | 512 | 2484 | 159.0 | — | 708.5 | — | 51.84 | 20.7 | |||||||||||||
GTX 480 | 2010-03-26 | $500 | 250W | 12.0 (11_0) | 4.6 | 1.2 | Fermi | GF100 (40nm) | 3000 | 529 | 480:60:48 | 700 1401 |
— | 1.5 | 384 | GDDR5 | 3696 | 177.4 | ? | 1344.96 | 168.12 | 42 | 33.6 | ||||||||||
GTX 650 | 2012-09-13 | $110 | 64W | 1.1 | Kepler | GK107 | 1300 | 118 | 384:32:16 | 1058 | 1058 | 1 2 |
128 | 5000 | 80 | ? | 33.86 | 812.54 | 33.8 | 16.9 | |||||||||||||
GTX 650 Ti | 2012-10-09 | $150 | 110W | GK106 | 2540 | 221 | 768:64:16 | 928 | 928 | 1 2 |
5400 | 86.4 | ? | 1425.41 | 59.39 | 59.4 | 14.8 | ||||||||||||||||
GTX 660 | 2012-09-13 | $230 | 140W | 960:80:24 | 980 | 980 | 2 | 192 | 6008 | 144.2 | ? | 1881.6 | 78.40 | 78.4 | 23.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
GTX 680 | 2012-03-22 | $500 | 195W | GK104 | 3540 | 294 | 1536:128:32 | 1006 | 1058 | 2 4 |
256 | 6008 | 192.0 | ? | 2258 | 94.1 | 94.1 | 31.4 | |||||||||||||||
GTX 770 | 2013-05-30 | $400 | 230W | 1046 | 1085 | 7010 | 224 | ? | 3213 | 134 | 134 | 33.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 780 | 2013-05-23 | $650 | 250W | GK110 | 7080 | 561 | 2304:192:48 | 863 | 900 | 3 | 384 | 6008 | 288 | ? | 3977 | 166 | 166 | 41.4 | |||||||||||||||
GTX 780 Ti | 2013-11-07 | $700 | 2880:240:48 | 876 | 928 | 3 | 7000 | 336 | ? | 5046 | 210 | 210 | 42.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 950 | 2015-08-20 | $160 | 90W | 12.0 (12_1) | Maxwell 2.0 | GM206 | 2940 | 227 | 768:48:32 | 1024 | 1188 | 2 4 |
128 | 6610 | 106 | ? | 1572 | 49.1 | 49.2 | 32.7 | |||||||||||||
GTX 960 | 2015-01-22 | $200 | 120W | 1024:64:32 | 1127 | 1178 | 2 4 |
7010 | 112 | ? | 2308 | 72.1 | 72.1 | 39.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
GTX 970 | 2014-09-18 | $330 | 145W | GM204 | 5200 | 398 | 1664:104:56 | 1050 | 1178 | 3.5+0.5 | 196+28 | 192+32 | ? | 3494 | 109 | 109.2 | 54.6 | ||||||||||||||||
GTX 980 | $550 | 165W | 2048:128:64 | 1126 | 1216 | 4 | 256 | 224 | ? | 4612 | 144 | 144 | 72.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 980 Ti | 2015-06-02 | $649 | 250W | GM200 | 8000 | 601 | 2816:176:96 | 1000 | 1076 | 6 | 384 | 336 | ? | 5632 | 1/32 | 176 | 96 | ||||||||||||||||
GTX Titan X | 2015-03-17 | $1000 | 3072:192:96 | 1089 | 12 | 192 | ? | 6144 | 192 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tesla P100 | 2016-06-20 | ??? | 300W | ![]() |
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Pascal | GP100 | 12,000 | 471 | 3840:0:0 | 1354 | 1455 | 12 24 |
1024 | HBM1 | ? | ? | ? | ![]() |
![]() | ||||||||||||
GT 1030 | 2017-05-17 | $80 | 305W | 12.0 (12_1) | 4.5 | 1.0 | GP108 | 1800 | 70 | 384:24:16 | 1227 | 1468 | 2 | 64 | GDDR5 | 6000 | 48 | 15 | 942 | 29 | 29.4 | 19.6 | |||||||||||
GTX 1050 | 2016-10-25 | $110 | 75W | GP107 | 3300 | 132 | 640:40:32 | 1354 | 1455 | 2 | 128 | 7000 | 112 | ? | 1800 | ? | 84.2 | 42.1 | |||||||||||||||
GTX 1050 Ti | $140 | 768:64:32 | 1290 | 1392 | 4 | ? | 2100 | ? | 84.2 | 42.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 1060 3 | 2016-09-18 | $200 | 120W | GP106 | 4400 | 200 | 1152:72:48 | 1506 | 1708 | 3 | 192 | 8000 | 180 | ? | 3470 | 108 | 108.4 | 72.3 | |||||||||||||||
GTX 1060 6 | 2016-07-19 | $250 | 1280:80:48 | 6 | ? | 3855 | 120 | 120.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 1070 | 2016-06-10 | $380 | 150W | GP104 | 7200 | 297 | 1920:120:64 | 1683 | 8 | 256 | 256 | ? | 5783 | 181 | 180.7 | 96.4 | |||||||||||||||||
GTX 1070 Ti | 2017-11-?? | $ | W | 2432:152:64 | 1607 | 256 | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 1080 | 2016-05-27 | $600 | 180W | 2560:160:64 | 1733 | GDDR5X | 10240 | 320 | ? | 8228 | 257 | 257.1 | 102.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
GTX 1080 Ti | 2017-03-05 | $700 | 250W | GP102 | 12,000 | 471 | 3584:224:88 | 1480 | 1582 | 11 | 352 | 11000 | 482 | ? | |||||||||||||||||||
Titan X | 2016-08-02 | $1200 | 3584:224:96 | 1417 | 1531 | 12 | 384 | 10240 | 480 | ? | 10157 | 317 | 317.4 | 136 | |||||||||||||||||||
Titan Xp | 2017-04-06 | 3840:240:96 | 1405 | 1582 | 12 | 11410 | 547.7 | ? | 10157 | 317 | 317.4 | 136 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tesla V100 | 2017-06-21 | $ | 300W | ![]() |
![]() |
2.1? | ![]() |
Volta | GV100 | 21,200 | 815 | 5.376:0:0 | TBA | TBA | 16 32 |
4096 | HBM2 | 900 | 900 | TBA | TBA | TBA | ![]() |
![]() | |||||||||
GeForce | 2018-Q2 | $ | W | 12.0 (12_1) | 4.5 | 2.1? | 1.0 | Ampere? | GA104 | ? | ? | TBA | TBA | TBA | GDDR5/GDDR5X/GDDR6 | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA |
Direct3D is a proprietary API only available on the Microsoft Windows family of operating systems. Direct3D 12 is only available on Microsoft Windows version 10 and on the the Xbox One. Vulkan is available on Microsoft Windows 7–10, Linux and Android 7 Nougat and it may be available on the PlayStation 4.
Model | Launch | Release Price (US-$) | TDP (watts) | API support (version) | Chip | Core config1 | Clock rate | Memory configuration | Fillrate | Processing Power ( GFLOPS) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct3D | OpenGL | OpenCL | Vulkan | Arch | Name | Transistors (Million) | Die Size ( mm2) | Core (MHz) | Boost (MHz) | Memory ( MT/s) | Amount ( GiB) | Bus width ( bit) | DRAM type | Bandwidth ( GB/s) | Pixel ( GP/s)2 | Texture ( GT/s)3 | Single Precision | Double Precision | |||||
HD 7730 | 2013-04-?? | $60 | 47W | 12.0 (11_1) | 4.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 | GCN 1st gen | Cape Verde LE | 1500 | 123 | 384:24:8 | 800 | 1125 | 1 | 128 | GDDR3 GDDR5 |
25.6 72 |
6.4 | 19.2 | 614.4 | 38.4 | |
HD 7750 | 2012-02-15 | $110 | 55W | Cape Verde PRO | 512:32:16 | 800 900 |
800 1125 |
1 2 4 |
GDDR3 GDDR5 |
25.6 72 |
12.8 14.4 |
25.6 28.8 |
819.2 921.6 |
51.2 57.6 | |||||||||
HD 7770 | 2012-02-15 | $160 | 80W | Cape Verde XT | 640:40:16 | 1000 | 1125 | 1 2 |
GDDR5 | 72 | 16 | 40 | 1280 | 80 | |||||||||
HD 7850 | 2012-03-19 | $250 | 130W | Pitcairn PRO | 2800 | 212 | 1024:64:32 | 860 | 1200 | 1 2 |
256 | 153.6 | 27.52 | 55.04 | 1761.28 | 110.08 | |||||||
HD 7870 | 2012-03-19 | $350 | 175W | Pitcairn XT | 1280:80:32 | 1000 | 1200 | 2 | 153.6 | 32 | 80 | 2560 | 160 | ||||||||||
HD 7870 XT | 2012-11-19 | $270 | 185W | Tahiti LE | 4313 | 352 | 1536:96:32 | 925 | 975 | 1500 | 2 | 192.0 | 29.6 | 88.8 | 2841.6 2995.2 |
710.4 748.8 | |||||||
HD 7950 | 2012-01-31 | $450 | 200W | Tahiti PRO | 1792:112:32 | 800 | 1250 | 3 | 384 | 240 | 25.6 | 89.6 | 2867.2 | 717 | |||||||||
HD 7970 | 2012-01-09 | $550 | 250W | Tahiti XT | 2048:128:32 | 925 | 1375 | 3 6 |
264 | 29.6 | 118.4 | 3788.8 | 947.2 | ||||||||||
HD 7790 | 2013-03-22 | $150 | 85W | 12.0 (12_0) | 2.1 | GCN 2nd gen | Bonaire XT | 2080 | 160 | 896:56:16 | 1000 | 1500 | 1 2 |
128 | 96 | 16.0 | 56.0 | 1792 | 128 | ||||
R9 290 | 2013-11-05 | $400 | 250W | Hawaii PRO | 6200 | 438 | 2560:160:64 | 947 | — | 5000 | 4 | 512 | 320 | 60 | 152 | 4848.6 | 606.1 | ||||||
R9 290X | 2013-10-24 | $550 | Hawaii XT | 2816:176:64 | 1000 | — | 5000 | 4 8 |
64 | 176 | 5632 | 704 | |||||||||||
R9 285 | 2014-09-02 | $250 | 190W | GCN 3rd gen | Tonga PRO | 5000 | 359 | 1792:112:32 | 918 | — | 5500 | 2 | 256 | 176 | 29.4 | 102.8 | 3290 | 206.6 | |||||
R9 380X | 2015-11-19 | $230 | Tonga XT | 2048:128:32 | 970 | — | 5700 | 4 | 182.4 | 31 | 124.2 | 3973.1 | 248.3 | ||||||||||
R9 Fury | 2015-07-14 | $550 | 275W | Fiji Pro | 8900 | 596 | 3584:224:64 | 1000 | — | 1000 | 4 | 4096 | HBM1 | 512 | 64 | 224 | 7168 | 448 | |||||
R9 Nano | 2015-08-27 | $650 | 175W | Fiji XT | 4096:256:64 | 1000 | — | 64 | 256 | 8192 | 512 | ||||||||||||
R9 Fury X | 2015-06-24 | $650 | 275W | 4096:256:64 | 1050 | — | 67.2 | 268.8 | 8601.6 | 537.6 | |||||||||||||
RX 460 | 2016-08-08 | $110 (2GB) $140 (4GB) |
<75W | GCN 4th gen | Polaris 11 | 3000 | 123 | 896:56:16 | 1090 | 1200 | 7000 | 2 4 |
128 | GDDR5 | 112 | 17.4 | 61 | 1953 | 122 | ||||
RX 470 | 2016-08-04 | $180 | 120W | Polaris 10 | 5700 | 232 | 2048:128:32 | 926 | 1206 | 6600 | 4 | 256 | 211 | 29.6 | 118.5 | 3793 | 237 | ||||||
RX 480 | 2016-06-29 | $200 (4 GB) $240 (8 GB) |
150W | 2304:144:32 | 1120 | 1266 | 7000 8000 |
4 8 |
224 256 |
35.8 | 161.3 | 5161 | 323 | ||||||||||
RX Vega 56 | 2017-08-14/28 | $400 | 210W | GCN 5th gen? | Vega | 12,500 | 486 mm² | 3584:224:64 | 1156 | 1471 | 1600 | 8 | 2048 | HBM2 | 410 | 74.0/94.1 | 258.9/329.5 | ||||||
RX Vega 64 | 2017-08-28 | $500 | 295W | 4096:256:64 | 1247 | 1546 | 1890 | 483.8 | 79.8/98.9 | 319.2/395.8 |
1 Shader ALUs : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
The new Core i9 are available exclusively for the new LGA 2066 (Socket R4). In case this "Exclusive" Interview with Intel engineer about the new Core i9 Series on YouTube confuses you, there are also a couple of Core i5 and Core i7 processors available for this new socket. ;-) Now who is this Brian?
Hmmm, the Radeon RX 580 is listed with a release price of $230,– for the 8 GiB-versions). Yet the cheapest one costs €271,46 and there are prices as high as €400,–. Anything above the manufacturer's suggested retail price (+ taxes) goes to the retailer and will not benefit AMD at all. The high prices are reported to be because of yet another cryptocurrency-craze. Not foreseeing this, costs AMD money, they could have had from their customers. But neither the stock holders nor the R&D-division nor the driver-developers mind; AMD's attitude "barely good enough" keeps everybody happy and the duopoly keeps the company in business.
A Direct Heat Exhaust cooling solution is found in any well designed computer: all the PlayStations, motherboards + casings for 19-inch racks, Industrial PCs, laptops, Dell-, Fujitsu-PCs, etc. Many GeForce graphics cards came with a DHE cooler with a fan ( de:Ventilator); see Centrifugal fan and Computer fan.
VLC media player's default keyboard shortcuts (that can all be reconfigured):
VLC media player is not based on GStreamer, VLC media player has some problems with ogv-file format when jumping wildly through the file. What useful key-bindings does GNOME Videos offer? Maybe prefer Snappy over it. Clutter+GStreamer+minimum amount of own code
sysv-rc-conf
To deal with more complex situations, a configuration must be complex itself. Is it possible to either hide away some of that complexity, or to rather adopt a solution, that does not cover complex situations and and is therefore simple and plain? As long as blindly following on-line guides works…
A simple situation is a single user using Inkscape/etc work on his desktop computer. In case fast-user switching goes hand in hand with a sane plumbing layer, so be it. Other then that, fast-user switching is no priority here.
Most Linux distributions are far beyond the understanding and competence of most private end-users… Examples:
amdgpu.powerplay=1
or nouveau.pstate=1
Why abandon working solutions?
Conclusion: To be able to handle the operating system running on the desktop/laptop computer, it may prove much more productive for the typical office/home computer user to learn this, by bothering with Linux From Scratch or Arch Linux instead of starting to learn the – from his perspective totally bloated – Debian configuration.
Why use GIMP when Tux Paint would suffice?
The fact that I use Debian on a workstation (a desktop computer) makes me dislike the fact, that Debian primarily targets servers and also takes cloud-stuff into account when designing the configuration system. The possible permutation of configurations on such systems thwarts any efforts to keep configuration idiot simple.
Maybe a third iteration of
GNU GRUB will do replace shell script with some ini-files, that do not parse but simply declare: I want this background image, this font, this font-color, etc. systemd introduces exactly that, but instead of configuring my network interfaces in one [man.cx/?page=interfaces documented] file /etc/network/interfaces there are 3 times 3 files. This is the Yocto-way and makes it less type work to configure some fancy containers and stuff but at the cost of being more complicated. Naming the network interfaces "blue dog shit" is another fancy thing for such container and cloud stuff, but it drives me mad because it replaced the well-know eth0 with blue dog shit. A quick ifconfig eth0
may therefore FAIL on Debian because what used to be named eth0 is now being named enp4s0
. What causes the brain-damage in systemd/Debian land?
I don't even require NetworkManager for my single static Ethernet connection, since its actual role was to handle the configuration of the (wireless) network interfaces when connecting using IEEE 802.11.
Despite being full of marketing horse shit up to the point where something is being explained from the view point of some marketing guy, I came upon something I perceive as a serious problem when looking up Wikipedia articles around computer terms, e.g.
A computer file is en entity that is part of a file system. Nothing else. The notion of a computer file was created by the way we store data on persistent storage devices. To further comprehend the terms "directory", "file name", "file format", "file attribute", I would leave the abstraction layer and explain them on the basis of a concrete file system: e.g. ext4.
A "Command-line interface" is a kind/type of Human-machine interface, others being e.g. GUIs, TUIs, Voice-command interfaces, …
pwd
Webcam = hardware device to be connected over USB, FireWire or similar to a Computer, in contrast oto IP cam, that is connected over Ethernet. The hardware device produces a video (motion picture) stream at a maximum resolution and at a maximum refresh rate. The data can be compressed by an appropriate ASIC and deliver a compressed video stream/signal or transmit uncompressed in RGB or YUV.
The Xilinx Zynq Z-7020 combines a Cortex-A9 dual-core with a FPGA. The ZedBoard contains the Zynq Z-7020 and all the necessary interfaces. [2]
The image data comes rolling out of 64 serial LVDS channels at a maximum rate of 300Mbits/sec per channel. AXIOM (camera)
That is ALL there is. But way, lets not omit the brain damage that is rampant in the Wikipedia:
This brain damage would not be a big deal, if there were solidly written and easily understandable articles on computer file, computer file format and compression algorithm. There ain't. Instead there are articles like:
Compare the Wikipedia "offerings": Linux console, System console, Virtual console, Virtual terminal, Pseudoterminal, …
One could bother to port that knowledge into the Wikipedia, but why bother? The Wikipedia has become such a shit place to work in, that I see not point besides maybe, so that one does not depend on google or other search engines.
Linux kernel Virtual File System is a subsystem or layer inside of the Linux kernel. It is the result of the very serious attempt to integrate multiple file systems into an orderly single structure. The key idea - it dates back to the pioneering work done by Sun Microsystems employees in 1986. [3] - is to abstract out that part of the file system that is common to all file systems and put that code in a separate layer that calls the underlying concrete file systems to actually manage the data.
» All system calls related to files (or pseudo files!) are directed to the Linux kernel Virtual File System for initial processing. These calls, coming from user processes, are the standard POSIX calls, such as
open
,
read
,
write
,
lseek
, … .«
Resolution @ display refresh rate | DisplayPort 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
7.680 × 4.320 (8K) @ 60 Hz @ HDR | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
3.840 × 2.160 (4K) @ 120 Hz @ HDR | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
7.680 × 4.320 (8K) @ 60 Hz | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
5.120 × 2.880 (5K) @ 120 Hz | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
5.120 × 2.880 (5K) @ 60 Hz | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
3.840 × 2.160 (4K) @ 120 Hz | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
3.840 × 2.160 (4K) @ 60 Hz | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Family | Seed | processing | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expeller pressing | Grinding/Milling, abrasive cutting | Mix with: Sugar, Honey, … | |||
Asteraceae | Sunflower seed | … oil | + Press cake |
… paste | Halva |
Pedaliaceae | Sesame seed | … oil | … paste | Halva, Hummus, | |
Anacardiaceae | Pistachio | … oil | |||
Betulaceae | Hazelnut | … oil | … flour | + sugar for pastry | |
Rosaceae | Almond | … oil | … paste, … flour, | Marzipan | |
Juglandaceae | Walnut | … oil | … flour | + sugar for pastry | |
Fabaceae | Peanut | … oil | … paste | – | |
Brassicaceae | Rapeseed | … oil | – | – | |
Papaveraceae | Poppy seed | … oil | Poppyseed paste
![]() |
+ sugar for pastry | |
Cannabaceae | Hemp seed | … oil | ? | ? | |
Fagaceae | Chestnut | – | – | chestnut puree/chestnut spread → Gesztenyepüré (hun) → fr:Crème de marrons (frz) |
There is much much room in the Wikipedia for commercial and nationalist brands and only little for basic processing… the result of Idiocracy?
Programmable audio effects: The task is to do "ray-tracing" for "sound" instead of light, i.e. to calculate what the sound stage should sound like based on the physical makeup of the scene and the direction the player is currently looking to in REAL-TIME!:
That's a complex problem to solve in algorithms and results in computationally very expensive code! Besides ray-tracing for sound, appropriate algorithms have to be added to figure out how the listener (with two ears) would perceive the sound and ship that to the speakers.
Is this what Aureal Semiconductor did 15 years ago with theirs Aureal Vortex 2 ASICs?
Or imagine you ride on train through the tunnel and echo of the wheels bumping the rails is literally pressing on you, and suddenly the tunnel expands to the large room and the echo is suddenly much more delayed and attenuated.
People claim such accurate audio model was available in Half-Life 1, when played on a PC with Aureal Vortex 2 hardware and headphones.