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Summarized Percent Frequencies of R1b, R1a, I1b* (xM26), E3b1 and J2e

1

Population Language Family N R1b [1] N R1a N I1b* N E3b1 N J2e N G N N
Slovenian IE [2] (German) 70 21.0 [3] 70 37.0 [3] 55 20.0 [4] — — — —
Chechens — — — —
Croatian (mainland) IE (Balto-Slavic) 108 15.7 [5] 108 34.3 [5] 108 32.4 [4] [6] 108 5.6 [5] 108 1.0 [5]
Bosnian IE (Balto-Slavic) 69 1.4 [5] 69 24.6 [5] 69 52.2 [5] 69 10.1 [5] 69 0 [5]
Herzegovinian IE (Balto-Slavic) 141 3.6 [5] 141 12.1 [5] 141 63.8 [5] 141 8.5 [5] 141 0.7 [5]
Serbian IE (Balto-Slavic) 113 10.6 [5] 113 15.9 [5] 113 29.2 [5] 113 20.4 [5] 113 5.3 [5]
Macedonian IE (Balto-Slavic) 79 5.1 [5] 79 15.2 [5] 79 29.1 [5] 79 24.1 [5] 79 6.3 [5]
Macedonian (Greek) IE (Greek) 20 10.0 [7] 20 35.0 [7] 50 18.0 [4] 59 18.6 [8] — —
Macedonian Romani IE (Indo-Iranian) 57 1.8 [5] 57 1.8 [5] 57 3.5 [5] 57 29.8 [5] 57 1.8 [5]
Albanian (Kosovar) IE (Albanian) 114 21.1 [5] 114 4.4 [5] 114 2.7 [5] 114 45.6 [5] 114 16.7 [5]
Albanian IE (Albanian) 51 17.6 [7] 51 9.8 [7] 106 17.0 [4] 63 27.0 [8] [9] 56 14.3 [8]
Greek IE (Greek) 118 22.8 [7] [10] 118 8.3 [7] [10] 261 8.4 [4] 84 21.4 [8] 92 6.5 [8]
Cypriot IE (Greek) 45 9.0 [3] 45 2.0 [3] — — — — — —
Bulgarian IE (Balto-Slavic) 24 17.0 [3] 34 14.7 [11] — — 116 20.7 [9] — —
Romanian IE (Italic) 45 18.0 [3] 45 20.0 [3] 361 17.7 [4] 14 21.4 [9] — —
Hungarian Uralic (Finno-Ugric) 45 13.3 [7] 113 20.4 [12] 162 11.1 [4] 53 7.5 [8] 49 0 [8]
Czech and Slovak IE (Balto-Slavic) 45 35.6 [7] 45 26.7 [7] 198 7.1 [4] — — — —
Polish IE (Balto-Slavic) 55 16.4 [7] 55 56.4 [7] 191 9.9 [4] 137 3.6 [8] [9] 97 1.0 [8]
Belorussian IE (Balto-Slavic) 41 10.0 [3] 41 39.0 [3] 147 15.0 [4] — — — —
Russian IE (Balto-Slavic) 122 7.0 [3] 122 47.0 [3] — — — 6.0 — 4.0 — 20.0 — 18.0
Russian (Adygea) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 78 16.7 [4] — — — —
Russian (Bashkortostan) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 50 2.0 [4] — — — —
Russian (Belgorod region) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 144 12.5 [4] — — — —
Russian (Cossacks) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 97 15.5 [4] — — — —
Russian (Kostroma region) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 53 9.4 [4] — — — —
Russian (North, Pinega) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 127 3.9 [4] — — — —
Russian (Smolensk region) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 120 9.1 [4] — — — —
Ukrainian IE (Balto-Slavic) 50 2.0 [7] 50 54.0 [7] 585 16.1 [4] 93 7.5 [8] 82 2.4 [8]
Icelander IE (Germanic) 181 41.4 [10] 181 23.8 [10] — — — — — —
Swedish IE (Germanic) 110 20.0 [10] 110 17.3 [10] 225 0 [4] — — — —
Swedish (Northern) IE (Germanic) 48 23.0 [3] 48 19.0 [3] — — — — — —
Saami Uralic (Finno-Ugric) 127 3.9 [12] 127 11.0 [12] 35 0 [4] — — — —
Finnish Uralic (Finno-Ugric) 57 2.0 [3] 57 10.0 [3] — — — — — —
Norwegian IE (Germanic) 112 25.9 [10] 112 17.9 [10] 72 0 [4] — — — —
Danish IE (Germanic) 12 41.7 [10] 12 16.7 [10] — — 35 2.9 [9] — —
Lithuanian IE (Balto-Slavic) 38 5.0 [3] 38 34.0 [3] — — — — — —
Latvian IE (Balto-Slavic) 34 15.0 [3] 34 41.0 [3] 86 1.2 [4] — — — —
Estonian Uralic (Finno-Ugric) 207 9.0 [3] 74 36.5 [11] 210 2.9 [4] 74 4.1 [9] — —
Moldavian IE (Italic) — — — — 60 21.7 [4] — — — —
Moldovan (Erzya) Uralic (Finno-Ugric) — — 46 39.1 [11] — — — — — —
Moldovan (Moksi) Uralic (Finno-Ugric) — — 46 21.7 [11] — — — — — —
Moldovan (Gagauz) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — 79 24.1 [4] — — — —
Georgian Caucasian (S. Caucasian) 63 14.3 [7] 63 7.9 [7] — — — — — — 31.0
Ossetian IE (Indo-Iranian) 47 43.0 [3] 47 2.0 [3] — — — — — — 60.0
Armenian IE (Armenian) 49 25.0 [3] 89 6.0 [3] — — — — — — 11.0
British IE (Germanic) 32 68.8 [10] 32 9.4 [10] — — — — — —
English (Central) IE (Germanic) 215 61.9 [13] 215 3.3 [13] — — — — — —
Welsh IE (Celtic) 88 89.0 [14] 88 1.0 [14] — — — — — —
Orcandin IE (Celtic) 71 66.0 [14] 71 19.7 [14] — — 7 0 [9] — —
Scottish IE (Celtic) 61 77.1 [10] 61 6.6 [10] — — — — — —
Irish IE (Celtic) 222 81.5 [10] 222 0.5 [10] — — — — — —
Frisian IE (Germanic) 94 56.0 [14] 94 7.4 [14] — — — — — —
German IE (Germanic) 48 47.9 [7] [10] 48 8.1 [7] [10] 16 0 [4] — — — —
Dutch IE (Germanic) 27 70.4 [7] 27 3.7 [7] 30 0 [4] — — 34 0 [8]
Belgian IE (Germanic) 92 63.0 [3] 92 4.0 [3] — — — — — —
French IE (Italic) 23 52.2 [7] 23 0 [7] 179 0 [4] 85 4.7 [9] — —
Bearnais IE (Italic) — — — — 26 0 [4] 43 4.6 [8] [9] 26 3.8 [8]
Swiss IE (German/Italic) — — — — 144 0 [4] — — — —
Italian IE (Italic) — — 332 2.7 [10] — — — — — —
Italian (Calabria) IE (Italic) 37 32.4 [7] — — 148 0.7 [4] 80 16.3 [8] 57 1.8 [8]
Italian (Apulia) IE (Italic) — — — — 78 1.3 [4] 86 11.6 [8] 86 3.5 [8]
Italian (Sardinia) IE (Italic) 77 22.1 [7] — — 142 0 [4] 506 3.4 [8] [9] 144 2.1 [8]
Italian (North-central) IE (Italic) 50 62.0 [7] — — 390 0.5 [4] 212 10.4 [8] [9] 52 9.6 [8]
Italian (South) IE (Italic) — — — — — — 87 11.5 [9]
Italian (Siciliy) IE (Italic) — — — — — — 191 13.6 [8] [9] 42 0 [8]
Spanish IE (Italic) 126 68.0 [3] 126 2.0 [3] — — — — — —
Catalan IE (Italic) 24 79.2 [7] — — 32 0 [4] 33 3.0 [8] 28 0 [8]
Andalusian IE (Italic) 29 65.5 [7] 29 0 [7] 103 0 [4] 113 3.5 [8] 93 1.1 [8]
Basque (French, Spanish) Basque (Basque) 67 88.1 [7] 26 0 [3] 100 0 [4] — — 92 0
Portuguese IE (Italic) — — — — 303 0.7 [4] — — —
Portuguese (South) IE (Italic) 57 56.0 [3] 57 2.0 [3] — — — — — —
Portuguese (North) IE (Italic) 328 62.0 [3] 328 0 [3] — — — — — —
Turkish Altaic (Turkic) 523 16.3 [15] 523 6.9 [15] 741 2.3 [4] — — — —
Anatolian (Central) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 61 6.6 [9] — —
Turkish (Istanbul) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 81 8.6 [8] [9] 73 0 [8]
Turkish (Konya) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 117 12.8 [8] 129 0.8 [8]
Turkish (Cypriot) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 46 13.0 [9] — —
Turkish (Southeastern) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 24 4.2 [9] — —
Turkish (Erzurum) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 25 4.0 [9] — —
Algerian Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 35 0 [16] 35 0 [16] 35 0 [16] 32 6.3 [8] 55 0 [8] [16]
Tunisian Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 148 6.7 [16] 148 0 [16] 148 0 [16] 58 15.5 [8] 73 1.4 [8]
Moroccan
 Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)
 44
 6.8 [16] 44
 0 [16] 44
 0 [16] 93
 27.9 [8] 44
 0 [16]

References

  1. ^ R1b haplogroup is defined by M173 (xSRY-1532); data from Rosser et al. (2000), Helgason et al. (2000), Weale et al. (2002), and Wilson et al. (2001) are deducted based on the last typed marker 92R7 (xSRY-1532)
  2. ^ IE = Indo-European
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Rosser et al. (2000)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Rootsi et al. (2004).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah PeričIć, Marijana; Lauc, Lovorka Barać; Klarić, Irena Martinović; Rootsi, Siiri; JanićIjević, Branka; Rudan, Igor; Terzić, Rifet; čOlak, Ivanka; Kvesić, Ante; Popović, Dan; šIjačKi, Ana; Behluli, Ibrahim; Đorđević, Dobrivoje; Efremovska, Ljudmila; Bajec, Đorđe D.; Stefanović, Branislav D.; Villems, Richard; Rudan, Pavao (2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Mol. Biol. Evol. 22 (10): 1964–75. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msi185. PMID  15944443.{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year ( link) Haplogroup frequency data in table 1
  6. ^ Baracet al. (2003)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Semino, Ornella; Passarino, Giuseppe; Oefner, † Peter J.; Lin, Alice A.; Arbuzova, Svetlana; Beckman, Lars E.; Benedictis, Giovanna De; Francalacci, Paolo; Kouvatsi, Anastasia; Limborska, Svetlana; Marcikiæ, Mladen; Mika, Anna; Mika, Barbara; Primorac, Dragan; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. Silvana; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca; Underhill, Peter A. (2000). "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective" (PDF). Science. 290 (5494): 1155–59. doi: 10.1126/science.290.5494.1155. PMID  11073453.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Semino et al. (2004).
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Cruciani et al. (2004).
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Helgason et al. (2000).
  11. ^ a b c d Malaspina et al. (2003).
  12. ^ a b c Tambets et al. (2004).
  13. ^ a b Weale et al. (2002).
  14. ^ a b c d e f Wilson et al. (2001).
  15. ^ a b Cinnioglu et al. (2004)
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Arredi et al. (2004)
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Summarized Percent Frequencies of R1b, R1a, I1b* (xM26), E3b1 and J2e

1

Population Language Family N R1b [1] N R1a N I1b* N E3b1 N J2e N G N N
Slovenian IE [2] (German) 70 21.0 [3] 70 37.0 [3] 55 20.0 [4] — — — —
Chechens — — — —
Croatian (mainland) IE (Balto-Slavic) 108 15.7 [5] 108 34.3 [5] 108 32.4 [4] [6] 108 5.6 [5] 108 1.0 [5]
Bosnian IE (Balto-Slavic) 69 1.4 [5] 69 24.6 [5] 69 52.2 [5] 69 10.1 [5] 69 0 [5]
Herzegovinian IE (Balto-Slavic) 141 3.6 [5] 141 12.1 [5] 141 63.8 [5] 141 8.5 [5] 141 0.7 [5]
Serbian IE (Balto-Slavic) 113 10.6 [5] 113 15.9 [5] 113 29.2 [5] 113 20.4 [5] 113 5.3 [5]
Macedonian IE (Balto-Slavic) 79 5.1 [5] 79 15.2 [5] 79 29.1 [5] 79 24.1 [5] 79 6.3 [5]
Macedonian (Greek) IE (Greek) 20 10.0 [7] 20 35.0 [7] 50 18.0 [4] 59 18.6 [8] — —
Macedonian Romani IE (Indo-Iranian) 57 1.8 [5] 57 1.8 [5] 57 3.5 [5] 57 29.8 [5] 57 1.8 [5]
Albanian (Kosovar) IE (Albanian) 114 21.1 [5] 114 4.4 [5] 114 2.7 [5] 114 45.6 [5] 114 16.7 [5]
Albanian IE (Albanian) 51 17.6 [7] 51 9.8 [7] 106 17.0 [4] 63 27.0 [8] [9] 56 14.3 [8]
Greek IE (Greek) 118 22.8 [7] [10] 118 8.3 [7] [10] 261 8.4 [4] 84 21.4 [8] 92 6.5 [8]
Cypriot IE (Greek) 45 9.0 [3] 45 2.0 [3] — — — — — —
Bulgarian IE (Balto-Slavic) 24 17.0 [3] 34 14.7 [11] — — 116 20.7 [9] — —
Romanian IE (Italic) 45 18.0 [3] 45 20.0 [3] 361 17.7 [4] 14 21.4 [9] — —
Hungarian Uralic (Finno-Ugric) 45 13.3 [7] 113 20.4 [12] 162 11.1 [4] 53 7.5 [8] 49 0 [8]
Czech and Slovak IE (Balto-Slavic) 45 35.6 [7] 45 26.7 [7] 198 7.1 [4] — — — —
Polish IE (Balto-Slavic) 55 16.4 [7] 55 56.4 [7] 191 9.9 [4] 137 3.6 [8] [9] 97 1.0 [8]
Belorussian IE (Balto-Slavic) 41 10.0 [3] 41 39.0 [3] 147 15.0 [4] — — — —
Russian IE (Balto-Slavic) 122 7.0 [3] 122 47.0 [3] — — — 6.0 — 4.0 — 20.0 — 18.0
Russian (Adygea) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 78 16.7 [4] — — — —
Russian (Bashkortostan) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 50 2.0 [4] — — — —
Russian (Belgorod region) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 144 12.5 [4] — — — —
Russian (Cossacks) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 97 15.5 [4] — — — —
Russian (Kostroma region) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 53 9.4 [4] — — — —
Russian (North, Pinega) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 127 3.9 [4] — — — —
Russian (Smolensk region) IE (Balto-Slavic) — — — — 120 9.1 [4] — — — —
Ukrainian IE (Balto-Slavic) 50 2.0 [7] 50 54.0 [7] 585 16.1 [4] 93 7.5 [8] 82 2.4 [8]
Icelander IE (Germanic) 181 41.4 [10] 181 23.8 [10] — — — — — —
Swedish IE (Germanic) 110 20.0 [10] 110 17.3 [10] 225 0 [4] — — — —
Swedish (Northern) IE (Germanic) 48 23.0 [3] 48 19.0 [3] — — — — — —
Saami Uralic (Finno-Ugric) 127 3.9 [12] 127 11.0 [12] 35 0 [4] — — — —
Finnish Uralic (Finno-Ugric) 57 2.0 [3] 57 10.0 [3] — — — — — —
Norwegian IE (Germanic) 112 25.9 [10] 112 17.9 [10] 72 0 [4] — — — —
Danish IE (Germanic) 12 41.7 [10] 12 16.7 [10] — — 35 2.9 [9] — —
Lithuanian IE (Balto-Slavic) 38 5.0 [3] 38 34.0 [3] — — — — — —
Latvian IE (Balto-Slavic) 34 15.0 [3] 34 41.0 [3] 86 1.2 [4] — — — —
Estonian Uralic (Finno-Ugric) 207 9.0 [3] 74 36.5 [11] 210 2.9 [4] 74 4.1 [9] — —
Moldavian IE (Italic) — — — — 60 21.7 [4] — — — —
Moldovan (Erzya) Uralic (Finno-Ugric) — — 46 39.1 [11] — — — — — —
Moldovan (Moksi) Uralic (Finno-Ugric) — — 46 21.7 [11] — — — — — —
Moldovan (Gagauz) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — 79 24.1 [4] — — — —
Georgian Caucasian (S. Caucasian) 63 14.3 [7] 63 7.9 [7] — — — — — — 31.0
Ossetian IE (Indo-Iranian) 47 43.0 [3] 47 2.0 [3] — — — — — — 60.0
Armenian IE (Armenian) 49 25.0 [3] 89 6.0 [3] — — — — — — 11.0
British IE (Germanic) 32 68.8 [10] 32 9.4 [10] — — — — — —
English (Central) IE (Germanic) 215 61.9 [13] 215 3.3 [13] — — — — — —
Welsh IE (Celtic) 88 89.0 [14] 88 1.0 [14] — — — — — —
Orcandin IE (Celtic) 71 66.0 [14] 71 19.7 [14] — — 7 0 [9] — —
Scottish IE (Celtic) 61 77.1 [10] 61 6.6 [10] — — — — — —
Irish IE (Celtic) 222 81.5 [10] 222 0.5 [10] — — — — — —
Frisian IE (Germanic) 94 56.0 [14] 94 7.4 [14] — — — — — —
German IE (Germanic) 48 47.9 [7] [10] 48 8.1 [7] [10] 16 0 [4] — — — —
Dutch IE (Germanic) 27 70.4 [7] 27 3.7 [7] 30 0 [4] — — 34 0 [8]
Belgian IE (Germanic) 92 63.0 [3] 92 4.0 [3] — — — — — —
French IE (Italic) 23 52.2 [7] 23 0 [7] 179 0 [4] 85 4.7 [9] — —
Bearnais IE (Italic) — — — — 26 0 [4] 43 4.6 [8] [9] 26 3.8 [8]
Swiss IE (German/Italic) — — — — 144 0 [4] — — — —
Italian IE (Italic) — — 332 2.7 [10] — — — — — —
Italian (Calabria) IE (Italic) 37 32.4 [7] — — 148 0.7 [4] 80 16.3 [8] 57 1.8 [8]
Italian (Apulia) IE (Italic) — — — — 78 1.3 [4] 86 11.6 [8] 86 3.5 [8]
Italian (Sardinia) IE (Italic) 77 22.1 [7] — — 142 0 [4] 506 3.4 [8] [9] 144 2.1 [8]
Italian (North-central) IE (Italic) 50 62.0 [7] — — 390 0.5 [4] 212 10.4 [8] [9] 52 9.6 [8]
Italian (South) IE (Italic) — — — — — — 87 11.5 [9]
Italian (Siciliy) IE (Italic) — — — — — — 191 13.6 [8] [9] 42 0 [8]
Spanish IE (Italic) 126 68.0 [3] 126 2.0 [3] — — — — — —
Catalan IE (Italic) 24 79.2 [7] — — 32 0 [4] 33 3.0 [8] 28 0 [8]
Andalusian IE (Italic) 29 65.5 [7] 29 0 [7] 103 0 [4] 113 3.5 [8] 93 1.1 [8]
Basque (French, Spanish) Basque (Basque) 67 88.1 [7] 26 0 [3] 100 0 [4] — — 92 0
Portuguese IE (Italic) — — — — 303 0.7 [4] — — —
Portuguese (South) IE (Italic) 57 56.0 [3] 57 2.0 [3] — — — — — —
Portuguese (North) IE (Italic) 328 62.0 [3] 328 0 [3] — — — — — —
Turkish Altaic (Turkic) 523 16.3 [15] 523 6.9 [15] 741 2.3 [4] — — — —
Anatolian (Central) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 61 6.6 [9] — —
Turkish (Istanbul) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 81 8.6 [8] [9] 73 0 [8]
Turkish (Konya) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 117 12.8 [8] 129 0.8 [8]
Turkish (Cypriot) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 46 13.0 [9] — —
Turkish (Southeastern) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 24 4.2 [9] — —
Turkish (Erzurum) Altaic (Turkic) — — — — — — 25 4.0 [9] — —
Algerian Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 35 0 [16] 35 0 [16] 35 0 [16] 32 6.3 [8] 55 0 [8] [16]
Tunisian Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 148 6.7 [16] 148 0 [16] 148 0 [16] 58 15.5 [8] 73 1.4 [8]
Moroccan
 Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)
 44
 6.8 [16] 44
 0 [16] 44
 0 [16] 93
 27.9 [8] 44
 0 [16]

References

  1. ^ R1b haplogroup is defined by M173 (xSRY-1532); data from Rosser et al. (2000), Helgason et al. (2000), Weale et al. (2002), and Wilson et al. (2001) are deducted based on the last typed marker 92R7 (xSRY-1532)
  2. ^ IE = Indo-European
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Rosser et al. (2000)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Rootsi et al. (2004).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah PeričIć, Marijana; Lauc, Lovorka Barać; Klarić, Irena Martinović; Rootsi, Siiri; JanićIjević, Branka; Rudan, Igor; Terzić, Rifet; čOlak, Ivanka; Kvesić, Ante; Popović, Dan; šIjačKi, Ana; Behluli, Ibrahim; Đorđević, Dobrivoje; Efremovska, Ljudmila; Bajec, Đorđe D.; Stefanović, Branislav D.; Villems, Richard; Rudan, Pavao (2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Mol. Biol. Evol. 22 (10): 1964–75. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msi185. PMID  15944443.{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year ( link) Haplogroup frequency data in table 1
  6. ^ Baracet al. (2003)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Semino, Ornella; Passarino, Giuseppe; Oefner, † Peter J.; Lin, Alice A.; Arbuzova, Svetlana; Beckman, Lars E.; Benedictis, Giovanna De; Francalacci, Paolo; Kouvatsi, Anastasia; Limborska, Svetlana; Marcikiæ, Mladen; Mika, Anna; Mika, Barbara; Primorac, Dragan; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. Silvana; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca; Underhill, Peter A. (2000). "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective" (PDF). Science. 290 (5494): 1155–59. doi: 10.1126/science.290.5494.1155. PMID  11073453.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Semino et al. (2004).
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Cruciani et al. (2004).
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Helgason et al. (2000).
  11. ^ a b c d Malaspina et al. (2003).
  12. ^ a b c Tambets et al. (2004).
  13. ^ a b Weale et al. (2002).
  14. ^ a b c d e f Wilson et al. (2001).
  15. ^ a b Cinnioglu et al. (2004)
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Arredi et al. (2004)
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