This is a list of people who were designated, acted or served as "Regent" in the various monarchies or polities in Europe during the Medieval Age. (There is already an article
Regent which I hope to expand upon after organizing my data in this User Subpage based on a 48-page list I have collected over the years.)
This list will be organized by "state" or polity which existed in the past and are now within the territorial boundaries of modern-day countries (i.e., France, Italy, Germany, Poland, etc.). Other territories outside of Europe will be added later.
Frederick IV of Austria (1382-1439), Count of Tyrol, 1402-39. Regent, 1425-1435, for his nephews, sons of his brother Ernst I the Iron Duke, Friedrich V (1415-93), Albrecht VI (1418-63) and Ernst II (1420-32).
[2]
George Augustus Frederick of Hanover (1762), Prince of Wales. "Prinny", as he was called by his intimates, was an impulsive, pleasure loving, and given to extravagance and excess. At 18, he spent 10,000 pounds annually on clothes. At 22 he was 160,000 pounds in debt. At 33 he was 630,000 pounds in debt and married Caroline of Brunswick, against his inclination, in order to gain an increase in his income. The Prince of Wales was furious when Parliament increased his income to 125,000 pounds on his marriage, but set aside 65,000 pounds plus the 13,000 pound income from the Duchy of Cornwall as payments on his debts leaving him with an annual income of 60,000 pounds when his annual income as a bachelor had been 78,000 pounds. The Duke of Wellington referred to George the III's sons as "The damnedest millstones about the neck of any Government that can be imagined." Source:
http://www.georgianindex.net/Prinny/prinnys_set.html
1332:
Domhnall II of Mar (1302-32), Mormaer of Mar, Regent of Scotland during the minority of
David II of Scotland. He became regent after the death of the previous Regent, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray.
Thomas Randolph (d.1346), 2nd Earl of Moray. Regent of Scotland
1434:
Zbigniew Olesnicki, Bishop of Krakow, Regent of Poland for Wladyslaw III Warnenczyk (1424-44), who was 10 years old when he succeeded his father Jagiello.
[Ziebice]
Agnes of Lichtenburg, Regent of the Duchy of Ziebice, 1258-60, for her son Henryk II of Ziebice.
The rule on regency: "The kings of Cyprus, being men of action frequently at war, often died young and left their kingdom to a young child. Hence there were constant minorities and the necessity for choosing a regent. The rule laid down in the Assizes was that the mother of the heir should be his guardian, and in case of her death the nearest next of kin to the king. If no such person could be found, a regent was chosen by the High Court of the kingdom."
[14]
Talese of Aybar, Regent of Bearn, Married Gaston IV (d.1131), Viscount of Bearn, 1090-1131 who acquired Montaneres through her. Regent for their young son Centulle VI.
1162-1164:
Marguerite of Burgundy (d.1164), for her granddaughter, Beatrix of Albon (1161-1228), daughter of Guigues V, who was only one year old when her father died
1269-1273:
Beatrice of Savoy, Regent for her son,
John I of Viennois (1263-1282), who was only 6 years old when he succeeded his father. Her regency ended when she married, as her 2nd husband, Gaston VII, Viscount of Bearn.
[32]
Charlotte Amelie de la Tremoille (1652-1732), Regent of Aldenburg and Knyphausen, 1680-1702, for her son, Anton II, who was only 3 months old when her husband, Anton of Aldenburg (1633-81) died
1886-1912:
Luitpold of Bavaria (1821-1912), Regent of Bavaria for his nephew Ludwig II who was declared mentally incompetent and who died mysteriously, and for Ludwig II‘s brother, King Otto, who was also insane
1912-1913:
Ludwig III of Bavaria, Regent of Bavaria for his insane cousin, King Otto. He then became King of Bavaria, 1913-1921
1751-1758:
Charlotte Wilhelmine of Pappenheim (1708-1792), Regent for her son, Christian John (1730-70), Count of Leiningen-Westerburg and Alt-Leiningen, 1751-70
Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Oldenburg (1755-1829), Regent of Oldenburg, 1785-1806, 1807-10, 1813-1823, for Wilhelm who was insane.
[40] He became Duke of Oldenburg, as Peter I, 1823-29.
Ingard (d. after 1236), possibly a princess of Denmark; wife of Casimir II (1180-1220), Duke of Pomerania-Demmin; Regent, 1219-21, for their son, Wartislaw III (1210-64)
1858-1861:
William I of Prussia , Regent of Prussia for his brother
Frederick William IV of Prussia who had suffered from a stroke and become mentally disable for the rest of his life. Wilhelm succeeded as King of Prussia after his brother’s death.
1778-1783:
Wilhelm Florentine Johann Felix (1745-1810), Bishop of Doornik; Regent of Salm-Salm (jointly with Marie Louise Eleonore of Hesse), for Konstantine Alexander Joseph
George of Saxony (1471-1539), Duke of Saxony, 1500-39. As early as 1488, when his father, Albrecht the Brave, was in Friesland fighting on behalf of the emperor, George was regent of the ducal possessions, which included the Margraviate of Meissen with the cities of Dresden and Leipzig. When regent, during the lifetime of his father, the difficulties arising from conflicting interests and the large demands on his powers had often brought the young prince to the verge of despair.
1751-1763:
Georg Ludwig (1719-63), Duke-Regent of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp for Paul, later Paul I of Russia.
1855-1863:
Friederike of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1811-1902), Regent (co-regent with Leopold Friedrich of Anhalt-Dessau), for her husband, Alexander IV (1815-68), who was mentally deficient.
1812-1815:
Francesco of Naples (1777-1830), Duke of Calabria. Regent of the Two Sicilies
Ippolita Cybo of the Counts of Ferentillo (1495-?), Daughter of Franceschetto Cybo, Count Palatine of the Lateran. Married 1522 Roberto Ambrogio Sanseverino (1490-1532), 3rd Count of Cajazzo. Regent for their sons, 1532-39, 1539-44.
Christine of Lorraine (1565-1637), Regent of Tuscany, 1609, Co-Regent of Tuscany, 1621-28 (jointly with her daughter-in-law, Maria Magdalene of Austria), for her grandson Ferdinando II who was only ten years old.
Petronella of Kortrijk, Regent of Ghent, 1200-08, for her husband, Zeger II (d.1202), who was Knight Templar, and then for their son, Zeger III (1190-1227).
John II, Count of Holland, Regent of Holland, 1299 (for a few months after Wolfert van Borselen was murdered), for his nephew,
John I, Count of Holland. He then succeeded in Holland after his nephew died.
?-?:
Ingeborg of Norway (1301-60), wife of Erik of Sweden (d.1318), Duke of Sodermanland, 1319-?, for her son
Magnus III of Sweden (jointly with Magnus’ grandmother, Hedwig of Holstein.)
1290-1302, 1320-1327:
Hedwig of Holstein (d.1324), Regent of Sweden for her grandson Magnus III (jointly with Magnus’ mother, Ingeborg of Norway).
1448:
Jons Bengtsson Oxenstierna (1417-66), Archbishop of Uppsala; Regent of Sweden (jointly with Erik Axelsson Tott), 1457 (jointly with Erik Axelsson Tott)
1464-1465:
Kettil Carlson Vasa (1433-65), Bishop of Linkoping; Regent of Sweden
1406-?:
Catherine of Lancaster (1373-1418), Regent of Castile and Leon for her son
John II of Castile, who was only a year and ten months when he succeeded to the throne. She was co-regent with Ferdinand of Castile until his death in 1416. Her title as regent: madre del rey, e su tutora, e regidora de sus reynos (the mother of the king and his tutor, and governor of his kingdoms)
[73]
1406-1416:
Ferdinand of Castile (Ferdinand of Antequera), Regent of Castile and Leon for his nephew,
John II of Castile. Co-regent with Katharine of Lancaster until his death
1416-1418:
Catherine of Lancaster (1373-1418), Regent of Castile for her son [[John II of Castile who was two years old when he succeeded his father.
Tancred, Prince of Galilee, (1072-1112), Regent of Antioch, 1101-1103, when Bohemund I was taken prisoner by the Danishmends, and 1105-1112, in the name of the young Bohemund II
Roger of Salerno (d.1119), Regent of Antioch, 1112-1119, for Bohemund II who was still a child.
Alice of Rethel (1110-36), Lady of Laodicea and Gibel, in her own right. Regent of Antioch, 1130, 1135-1136
This is a list of people who were designated, acted or served as "Regent" in the various monarchies or polities in Europe during the Medieval Age. (There is already an article
Regent which I hope to expand upon after organizing my data in this User Subpage based on a 48-page list I have collected over the years.)
This list will be organized by "state" or polity which existed in the past and are now within the territorial boundaries of modern-day countries (i.e., France, Italy, Germany, Poland, etc.). Other territories outside of Europe will be added later.
Frederick IV of Austria (1382-1439), Count of Tyrol, 1402-39. Regent, 1425-1435, for his nephews, sons of his brother Ernst I the Iron Duke, Friedrich V (1415-93), Albrecht VI (1418-63) and Ernst II (1420-32).
[2]
George Augustus Frederick of Hanover (1762), Prince of Wales. "Prinny", as he was called by his intimates, was an impulsive, pleasure loving, and given to extravagance and excess. At 18, he spent 10,000 pounds annually on clothes. At 22 he was 160,000 pounds in debt. At 33 he was 630,000 pounds in debt and married Caroline of Brunswick, against his inclination, in order to gain an increase in his income. The Prince of Wales was furious when Parliament increased his income to 125,000 pounds on his marriage, but set aside 65,000 pounds plus the 13,000 pound income from the Duchy of Cornwall as payments on his debts leaving him with an annual income of 60,000 pounds when his annual income as a bachelor had been 78,000 pounds. The Duke of Wellington referred to George the III's sons as "The damnedest millstones about the neck of any Government that can be imagined." Source:
http://www.georgianindex.net/Prinny/prinnys_set.html
1332:
Domhnall II of Mar (1302-32), Mormaer of Mar, Regent of Scotland during the minority of
David II of Scotland. He became regent after the death of the previous Regent, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray.
Thomas Randolph (d.1346), 2nd Earl of Moray. Regent of Scotland
1434:
Zbigniew Olesnicki, Bishop of Krakow, Regent of Poland for Wladyslaw III Warnenczyk (1424-44), who was 10 years old when he succeeded his father Jagiello.
[Ziebice]
Agnes of Lichtenburg, Regent of the Duchy of Ziebice, 1258-60, for her son Henryk II of Ziebice.
The rule on regency: "The kings of Cyprus, being men of action frequently at war, often died young and left their kingdom to a young child. Hence there were constant minorities and the necessity for choosing a regent. The rule laid down in the Assizes was that the mother of the heir should be his guardian, and in case of her death the nearest next of kin to the king. If no such person could be found, a regent was chosen by the High Court of the kingdom."
[14]
Talese of Aybar, Regent of Bearn, Married Gaston IV (d.1131), Viscount of Bearn, 1090-1131 who acquired Montaneres through her. Regent for their young son Centulle VI.
1162-1164:
Marguerite of Burgundy (d.1164), for her granddaughter, Beatrix of Albon (1161-1228), daughter of Guigues V, who was only one year old when her father died
1269-1273:
Beatrice of Savoy, Regent for her son,
John I of Viennois (1263-1282), who was only 6 years old when he succeeded his father. Her regency ended when she married, as her 2nd husband, Gaston VII, Viscount of Bearn.
[32]
Charlotte Amelie de la Tremoille (1652-1732), Regent of Aldenburg and Knyphausen, 1680-1702, for her son, Anton II, who was only 3 months old when her husband, Anton of Aldenburg (1633-81) died
1886-1912:
Luitpold of Bavaria (1821-1912), Regent of Bavaria for his nephew Ludwig II who was declared mentally incompetent and who died mysteriously, and for Ludwig II‘s brother, King Otto, who was also insane
1912-1913:
Ludwig III of Bavaria, Regent of Bavaria for his insane cousin, King Otto. He then became King of Bavaria, 1913-1921
1751-1758:
Charlotte Wilhelmine of Pappenheim (1708-1792), Regent for her son, Christian John (1730-70), Count of Leiningen-Westerburg and Alt-Leiningen, 1751-70
Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Oldenburg (1755-1829), Regent of Oldenburg, 1785-1806, 1807-10, 1813-1823, for Wilhelm who was insane.
[40] He became Duke of Oldenburg, as Peter I, 1823-29.
Ingard (d. after 1236), possibly a princess of Denmark; wife of Casimir II (1180-1220), Duke of Pomerania-Demmin; Regent, 1219-21, for their son, Wartislaw III (1210-64)
1858-1861:
William I of Prussia , Regent of Prussia for his brother
Frederick William IV of Prussia who had suffered from a stroke and become mentally disable for the rest of his life. Wilhelm succeeded as King of Prussia after his brother’s death.
1778-1783:
Wilhelm Florentine Johann Felix (1745-1810), Bishop of Doornik; Regent of Salm-Salm (jointly with Marie Louise Eleonore of Hesse), for Konstantine Alexander Joseph
George of Saxony (1471-1539), Duke of Saxony, 1500-39. As early as 1488, when his father, Albrecht the Brave, was in Friesland fighting on behalf of the emperor, George was regent of the ducal possessions, which included the Margraviate of Meissen with the cities of Dresden and Leipzig. When regent, during the lifetime of his father, the difficulties arising from conflicting interests and the large demands on his powers had often brought the young prince to the verge of despair.
1751-1763:
Georg Ludwig (1719-63), Duke-Regent of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp for Paul, later Paul I of Russia.
1855-1863:
Friederike of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1811-1902), Regent (co-regent with Leopold Friedrich of Anhalt-Dessau), for her husband, Alexander IV (1815-68), who was mentally deficient.
1812-1815:
Francesco of Naples (1777-1830), Duke of Calabria. Regent of the Two Sicilies
Ippolita Cybo of the Counts of Ferentillo (1495-?), Daughter of Franceschetto Cybo, Count Palatine of the Lateran. Married 1522 Roberto Ambrogio Sanseverino (1490-1532), 3rd Count of Cajazzo. Regent for their sons, 1532-39, 1539-44.
Christine of Lorraine (1565-1637), Regent of Tuscany, 1609, Co-Regent of Tuscany, 1621-28 (jointly with her daughter-in-law, Maria Magdalene of Austria), for her grandson Ferdinando II who was only ten years old.
Petronella of Kortrijk, Regent of Ghent, 1200-08, for her husband, Zeger II (d.1202), who was Knight Templar, and then for their son, Zeger III (1190-1227).
John II, Count of Holland, Regent of Holland, 1299 (for a few months after Wolfert van Borselen was murdered), for his nephew,
John I, Count of Holland. He then succeeded in Holland after his nephew died.
?-?:
Ingeborg of Norway (1301-60), wife of Erik of Sweden (d.1318), Duke of Sodermanland, 1319-?, for her son
Magnus III of Sweden (jointly with Magnus’ grandmother, Hedwig of Holstein.)
1290-1302, 1320-1327:
Hedwig of Holstein (d.1324), Regent of Sweden for her grandson Magnus III (jointly with Magnus’ mother, Ingeborg of Norway).
1448:
Jons Bengtsson Oxenstierna (1417-66), Archbishop of Uppsala; Regent of Sweden (jointly with Erik Axelsson Tott), 1457 (jointly with Erik Axelsson Tott)
1464-1465:
Kettil Carlson Vasa (1433-65), Bishop of Linkoping; Regent of Sweden
1406-?:
Catherine of Lancaster (1373-1418), Regent of Castile and Leon for her son
John II of Castile, who was only a year and ten months when he succeeded to the throne. She was co-regent with Ferdinand of Castile until his death in 1416. Her title as regent: madre del rey, e su tutora, e regidora de sus reynos (the mother of the king and his tutor, and governor of his kingdoms)
[73]
1406-1416:
Ferdinand of Castile (Ferdinand of Antequera), Regent of Castile and Leon for his nephew,
John II of Castile. Co-regent with Katharine of Lancaster until his death
1416-1418:
Catherine of Lancaster (1373-1418), Regent of Castile for her son [[John II of Castile who was two years old when he succeeded his father.
Tancred, Prince of Galilee, (1072-1112), Regent of Antioch, 1101-1103, when Bohemund I was taken prisoner by the Danishmends, and 1105-1112, in the name of the young Bohemund II
Roger of Salerno (d.1119), Regent of Antioch, 1112-1119, for Bohemund II who was still a child.
Alice of Rethel (1110-36), Lady of Laodicea and Gibel, in her own right. Regent of Antioch, 1130, 1135-1136