Rudolph William Louis Giuliani ( /ˌdʒuːliˈɑːni/ JOO-lee-AH-nee, Italian: [dʒuˈljaːni]; born May 28, 1944) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 107th mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. He previously served as the United States Associate Attorney General from 1981 to 1983 and the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1983 to 1989. ^{[1] [2]}

Giuliani led the 1980s federal prosecution of New York City mafia bosses as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. ^{[3] [4]} After a failed campaign for Mayor of New York City in the 1989 election, he succeeded in 1993, and was reelected in 1997, campaigning on a "tough on crime" platform. ^{[1] [5]} He led New York's controversial "civic cleanup" from 1994 to 2001. ^{[1] [6]} and appointed William Bratton as New York City's new police commissioner. ^[5] In 2000, he ran against First Lady Hillary Clinton for a U.S. Senate seat from New York, but left the race once diagnosed with prostate cancer. ^{[7] [8]} For his mayoral leadership after the September 11 attacks in 2001, he was called "America's mayor" ^[5] and was named Time magazine's Person of the Year for 2001. ^{[9] [10]}

In 2002, Giuliani founded a security consulting business, Giuliani Partners, ^[1] and acquired, but later sold, an investment banking firm, Giuliani Capital Advisors. In 2005, he joined a law firm, renamed Bracewell & Giuliani. ^[1] Vying for the Republican Party's 2008 presidential nomination, Giuliani was an early frontrunner ^[11] yet did poorly in the primary election; he later withdrew and endorsed the party's subsequent nominee, John McCain. ^[5] Declining to run for New York governor in 2010 and for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012, Giuliani focused on the activities of his business firms. ^{[1] [12] [13]}

After advising him during his 2016 campaign and early administration, Giuliani joined President Donald Trump's personal legal team in April 2018, remaining on it during the 2020 election. His activities as Trump's attorney have led to allegations that he engaged in corruption and profiteering, ^{[4] [10] [14]} In 2019, Giuliani was a central figure in the Trump–Ukraine scandal, ^{[14] [15]} Following the 2020 presidential election, he represented Trump in many lawsuits filed in attempts to overturn the election results, making false and debunked allegations about rigged voting machines, ^{[16] [17]} polling place fraud, ^[18] and an international communist conspiracy. ^{[17] [19]} Giuliani spoke at the rally preceding the January 6 United States Capitol attack where he made false claims of voter fraud and called for "trial by combat". ^[20] Later, he was also listed as an unindicted co-conspirator in the federal prosecution of Trump's alleged attempts to overturn the election. ^{[21] [22] [23]} On August 14, 2023, he was indicted in the prosecution related to the 2020 election in Georgia, ^{[24] [25]} along with 18 other people. ^{[26] [27] [28]} Later in 2023, Giuliani lost $148 million in a defamation lawsuit regarding comments about the 2020 election in Georgia, and subsequently declared bankruptcy.

• In an effort to reform the police department's administration and policing practices, they applied the broken windows theory. ^[5] Accordingly, Giuliani removed panhandlers and sex clubs from Times Square. ^[29] As crime rates fell steeply, well ahead of the national average pace, Giuliani was widely credited, though later critics cite other contributing factors. ^[1]
  • This goes far too in the weeds about his/Bratton's crime policy for the lede. A sentence or two saying civic cleanup and crime policies will suffice
• The theory states that social disorder, like disrepair and vandalism, attracts loitering addicts, panhandlers, prostitutes, and criminals. ^[30]
  • It is not necessary to explain broken windows theory in the lede; a link to the article on broken windows theory will suffice
• Giuliani was arrested on August 23, 2023, and a mugshot was released. ^{[31] [32] [33]}
  • It is not necessary to mention this in the lede; it would logically be inferred that, if indicted, he would be arrested, and, if arrested, he'd have a mugshot taken.
• In addition, he has often been engaged for public speaking, political commentary, and Republican campaign support. ^[1]
  • It is quite common for this to be true of any politician of Rudy's stature and therefore need not be mentioned in the lede.
• As a consequence, his license to practice law was suspended in New York State in June 2021, ^[34] and in the District of Columbia in July 2021. ^{[35] [36]}
  • Too specific for the lede
• In late 2019, Giuliani was reportedly under federal investigation for violating lobbying laws, ^[37]as a central figure in the Trump–Ukraine scandal, ^[14] which resulted in Trump's first impeachment. ^[38]
  • Out-of-date; language shortened to read simply "was a central figure in the Trump-Ukraine scandal.
• as well as his promotion of conspiracy theories, most notably about the 2018 and 2020 elections. ^{[39] [18]}
  • Redundant to sentences that outline his comments about the 2020 election