AFC-Logo Hold.svg Draft article not currently submitted for review. This is a draft Articles for creation (AfC) submission. It is not currently pending review. There are no deadlines as long as you are actively improving the submission. Drafts not being improved may be deleted after six months. Note: The submission-received box will appear at the bottom of the page at first. If it's there, your draft has been submitted correctly. To edit the draft click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. Do not copy-paste material from sources, or your submission will be rejected for copyright violations. Write from a neutral point of view and base your article on reliable sources that are independent of the subject. It is strongly discouraged to write about yourself or your own business. If you do so, you must declare it. Where to get help How to improve a draft Improving your odds of a speedy review Editor resources Last edited by Keith D (talk | contribs) 5 months ago. (Update){{AFC submission|t||ts=20201003124658|u=Nwbeeson|ns=118|demo=}} ===============Above was Boxed at top of article======== <!-- Note: The following pages were redirects to [[List_of_cable-stayed_bridges_in_the_United_States]] before draftification: *[[List of Cable-stayed bridges in the United States]] --> {{lead missing|date=October 2020}}
This List of cable-stayed bridges in the United States is organized by name and includes notable cable-stayed bridges (both existing and destroyed) in the United States of America. This list is incomplete you can help by adding to it.
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the Quincy Bayview Bridge located in Illinois, USA as shown in Fig. 2.1 is chosen as a typical cable-stayed bridge
Category:Bridges in the United States by type
USA
Cable-stayed
air contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen [1] [2]
(2016–2017, 100.004667%), which cites Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Both are used as references in this article. Both exceed 100% because their CO2 values were increased to 345 ppmv, without changing their other constituents to compensate. This is made worse by the April 2019 CO2 value, which is 413.32 ppmv.
[3] Although minor, the January 2019 value for CH4 is 1866.1 ppbv (parts per billion).
[4] Two older reliable sources have dry atmospheric compositions, including trace molecules, that total less than 100%: U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976
[5] (99.9997147%); and Astrophysical Quantities
[6]
Color | Wavelength interval |
Cycle time interval | |
---|---|---|---|
Red | ~ 700–635 nm | ~ 2.3–2.1 fs | |
Orange | ~ 635–590 nm | ~ 2.1-2.0 fs | |
Yellow | ~ 590–560 nm | ~ 2.0-1.9 fs | |
Green | ~ 560–520 nm | ~ 1.9-1.7 fs | |
Cyan | ~ 520–490 nm | ~ 1.7-1.6 fs | |
Blue | ~ 490–450 nm | ~ 1.6-1.5 fs | |
Violet | ~ 450–400 nm | ~ 1.5-1.3 fs |
$5 in 1974 is worth $62 today
$10 billion in 1994 is worth $21 today
$13.9 billion in 2016.
An inflation adjusted drop of 13%.
$250,000 in 1836 is worth $6,936,364 today
$250,000 in 1836 is equivalent to $6,936,364 in 2023
$146,000,000 in 1964 is worth $1,434,309,013 today
$146,000,000 in 1964 is equivalent to $1,434,309,013 in 2023
$32,295.84 in 1964 is worth $317,275 today
$32,295.84 in 1964 equivalent to $317,275 in 2023
(worth $equivalent to $1,915 in 2,023 today)
J. L. Hudson's Downtown peaked at $156,000,000 in 1953(worth $1,776,537,313 today)
$100,000 in 1964 is worth $982,403 today
In 1832 it took ₤10 (worth ₤1,174 today) to vote.
In 1976 a 10 cent bottle deposit was worth 54 cents.
Isaac Azimov's son received $3,000 a month (worth $5,608 today)from his estate in 1998.
Stan Laural earned $75/week in 1917 (worth $1,784 today)
I earned $85,000 in 1995 (worth $169,963 today)
I earned $85,000 in 2004 (worth $137,114 today)
I earned $4,25 an hour in 1974 (worth $26 today)
I earned $8,000 an hour in 1974 (worth $49,425 today)
by Erle Stanley Gardner,
The Case of the Lonely Heiress
$350,000 inheiretence (worth $4,438,504 today)
Champagne for One
$2,000/month (worth $22,947 today)
$55,000/annually (worth $631,053 today)
half of that is $27,500/annually (worth $315,526 today)
$2,000,000 in fund (worth $22,947,368 today)
Trouble in Triplicate Before I Die
$100 (worth $1,562 today)
$1000 (worth $15,625 today)
$10,000 (worth $156,246 today)
$50,000 (worth $781,229 today)
$1,000,000 (worth $15,624,573 today)
Some Buried Ceasar
Archie Goodwin paid $66.57 for major car repair in 1938 (worth $1,441 today)
Archie Goodwin found $2,000 in the blackguard's wallet in 1938 (worth $43,291 today)
Clyde made a $10,000 bet in 1938 (worth $216,454 today)
Death of a Dude
Archie Goodwin earned $428.57 per week in 1969 (worth $3,561 today)
Archie Goodwin earned $22,285 per year in 1969 (worth $185,156 today)
1962 $20,000 (worth $201,452 today)
1962 $40,000 (worth $402,904 today)
1962 $5 (worth $50 today)
1962 $6.50 (worth $65 today)
1962 $5 (worth $50 today)
1962 $7.50 (worth $76 today)
1962 $7 (worth $71 today)
1962 $8 (worth $81 today)
1962 $10 (worth $101 today)
1962 $20 (worth $201 today)
1962 $260 (worth $2,619 today)
The UAW autoworker earned $130 per week in 1969 (worth $1,080 today)
that was $21,428 per year (worth $178,035 today)
UAW earned $3.25 per hour in 1969 (worth $27 today)
that was $6,760 per year (worth $56,166 today)
1926 $2,000 per year (worth $34,421 today)
Coit donated a tower to San Fransisco in the year 1929. She had an $118,000 fortune (worth $2,093,814 today) of which she gave $40,000 (worth $709,767 today) for the tower.
Earned $85,000 in 1895c (worth $3,113,040 today)
Made a million pounds in 1978 (worth £7,246,409 today)
Was a millionaire in 1938, having $1,500,000 (worth $32,468,085 today)
$32,468 million = $26,300 million
$125,269
$123,436
(equivalent to $659,687 today) $100 in 1955 (equivalent to $1,137 today)
A bachelor, Marshall left virtually all of his $1.5 million estate (equivalent to $32,468 million today) to three causes dear to him: socialism, civil liberties and wilderness preservation. [8] Three trusts were established in his will.
Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations
Temperatures vary widely in the literature and should only be used as estimates. Factors that may cause variation include partial pressure of oxygen, altitude, humidity, and amount of time required for ignition. Generally the autoignition temperature for hydrocarbon/air mixtures decreases with increasing molecular mass and increasing chain length. The autoignition temperature is also higher for branched-chain hydrocarbons than for straight-chain hydrocarbons. [9]
Substance | Autoignition [D] | Note |
---|---|---|
Barium | 550 °C (1,022 °F) | 550±90 [10] [C] |
Bismuth | 735 °C (1,355 °F) | 735±20 [10] [C] |
Butane | 405 °C (761 °F) | [11] |
Calcium | 790 °C (1,450 °F) | 790±10 [10] [C] |
Carbon disulfide | 90 °C (194 °F) | [12] |
Diesel or Jet A-1 | 210 °C (410 °F) | [13] |
Diethyl ether | 160 °C (320 °F) | [14] |
Ethanol | 365 °C (689 °F) | [12] |
Gasoline (Petrol) | 247–280 °C (477–536 °F) | [12] |
Hydrogen | 536 °C (997 °F) | [15] |
Iron | 1,315 °C (2,399 °F) | 1315±20 [10] [C] |
Lead | 850 °C (1,560 °F) | 850±5 [10] [C] |
Leather / parchment | 200–212 °C (392–414 °F) | [13] [16] |
Magnesium | 635 °C (1,175 °F) | 635±5 [10] [B] [C] |
Magnesium | 473 °C (883 °F) | [12] [B] |
Molybdenum | 780 °C (1,440 °F) | 780±5 [10] [C] |
Paper | 218–246 °C (424–475 °F) | [13] [17] |
Phosphorus,white | 34 °C (93 °F) | [12] [A] [B] |
Silane | 21 °C (70 °F) | [12] or below |
Strontium | 1,075 °C (1,967 °F) | 1075±120 [10] [C] |
Tin | 940 °C (1,720 °F) | 940±25 [10] [C] |
Triethylborane | −20 °C (−4 °F) | [12] |
A On contact with an organic substance, melts otherwise. |
B There are two distinct results in the published literature. Both are separately listed in this table. |
C At 1 atm. The ignition temperature depends on the air pressure. |
D Under standard conditions for pressure. |
Date | Nasdaq | % Chng.§ | S&P 500 | % Chng.§ | Dow Jones | % Chng.§ | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 3, 2007 | 2,423.16 | — | 1,416.60 | — | 12,474.52 | — | |
October 9, 2007 | 2,803.91 | +15.71% | 1,565.15 | +10.49% | 14,164.53 | +13.55% | The day the DJIA and S&P 500 peaked. |
October 10, 2007 | 2,811.61 | +0.27% | 1,562.47 | −0.17% | 14,078.69 | −0.61% | The day the NASDAQ peaked. |
January 2, 2008 | 2,609.63 | −7.18% | 1,447.16 | −7.38% | 13,043.96 | −7.35% | |
June 27, 2008 | 2,315,63 | −11.27% | 1,278.38 | −11.66% | 11,346.51 | −13.01% | The day the bear market declared. |
November 4, 2008 | 1,780.12 | −23.13% | 1,005.75 | −21.33% | 9,625.28 | −15.17% | Election day |
January 2, 2009 | 1,632.21 | −8.31% | 899.35 | −10.58% | 9,034.69 | −6.14% | |
January 20, 2009 | 1,440.86 | −11.72% | 804.47 | −10.55% | 7,949.09 | −12.02% | Inauguration of Barack Obama |
March 9, 2009 | 1,268.64 | −11.95% | 676.53 | −15.90% | 6,507.04 | −18.14% | The day the DJIA, S&P 500 and NASDAQ bottomed. |
October 9/10, 2007 to March 9, 2009 | −1,542.97 | −54.9% | −888.62 | −56.8% | −7,657.49 | −54.1% | Cumulative change (from peak to bottom) |
At the beginning of the 21st century, in 2016, a Michelson interferometer made the first detection of gravitational waves. [23] [24] The observation confirms the last remaining unproven prediction of general relativity and validates its predictions of space-time distortion in the context of large scale cosmic events (known as strong field tests). [25] “The consequences of this detection are difficult to overstate…”. [26]
This is a test of how to add a note [note 1] to add a clarification to the text. [note 2]
Scott Joseph Kelly (born February 21, 1964) is an American astronaut, engineer and a retired U.S. Navy Captain. A veteran of four space flights, Kelly commanded the International Space Station (ISS) on Expeditions 26, 44, and 45.
Kelly's first spaceflight was as pilot of Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-103 in December 1999. This was the third servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and lasted for just under eight days.
Kelly's second spaceflight was as mission commander of STS-118, a 12-day Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station in August 2007.
Kelly's third spacflight was as commander of Expedition 26 on the ISS. He arrived 9 October 2010, on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, [27] during Expedition 25, and served as a flight engineer until it ended. [28] He took over command of the station on 25 November 2010, at the start of Expedition 26 which began officially when the spacecraft Soyuz TMA-19 undocked, carrying the previous commander of the station, Douglas H. Wheelock. [29] Expedition 26 ended on 16 March 2011 with the departure of Soyuz TMA-01M. This was Kelly's first long-duration spaceflight.
In November 2012, Kelly was selected, along with Mikhail Korniyenko, for a special year-long mission to the International Space Station. [30] [31] [32] Their year is space commenced 27 March 2015 with the start of Expedition 43, continued through the entirety of Expeditions 44, and 45, both of which Kelly commanded. He passed command to Timothy Kopra [33] on 29 February 2016, when the ISS year long mission ended. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-18M on 1 March 2016.
In October 2015, he set the record for the total accumulated number of days spent in space by an American astronaut, 382. For the ISS year long mission, Kelly spent 340 consecutive days in space. [34]
Kelly's identical twin brother, Mark Kelly, is a former astronaut. The Kelly brothers are the only siblings to have traveled in space. [30] [35]
Fiscal Year |
B-52 model | Annual Total |
Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A [36] |
B [37] |
C [38] |
D [39] |
E [40] |
F [41] |
G [42] |
H [43] | |||
1954 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
1955 | 13 | 13 | 16 | |||||||
1956 | 35 | 5 | 1 | 41 | 57 | |||||
1957 | 2 | 30 | 92 | 124 | 181 | |||||
1958 | 77 | 100 | 10 | 187 | 368 | |||||
1959 | 79 | 50 | 129 | 497 | ||||||
1960 | 106 | 106 | 603 | |||||||
1961 | 37 | 20 | 57 | 660 | ||||||
1962 | 68 | 68 | 728 | |||||||
1963 | 14 | 14 | 742 | |||||||
Total | 3 | 50 | 35 | 170 | 100 | 89 | 193 | 102 | 742 | 742 |
Date | State | State Delegation (only voting delegates) | Allocation | Election ( CD) | Election ( AL) | Threshold | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RNC | AL | CD | Total | U | B | Contest | AL | CD | Date | Type | Date | Type | |||
Mar 5 | Kansas | 3 [a] | 25 | 12 | 40 | 0 | 40 | Caucus (closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Apr 23 | Convention | May 21 | Committee | N/A |
Kentucky | 3 | 25 | 18 | 46 | 3 | 43 | Caucus (closed) | Proportional | Proportional [b] | May 17 | Convention | May 18 | Convention | 5% | |
Louisiana | 3 | 25 | 18 | 46 | 3 | 43 | Primary (closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Mar 12 | Convention | Mar 12 | Convention | 20% | |
Maine | 3 | 14 | 6 | 23 | 0 | 23 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-most | Winner-take-most [b] | Apr 22 | Convention | Apr 22 | Convention | 10% | |
Mar 6 | Puerto Rico | 3 | 20 | 0 | 23 | 3 | 20 | Primary (open) | Winner-take-most | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 6 | Direct Elec. | 20% |
Mar 8 | Hawaii | 3 | 10 | 6 | 19 | 3 | 16 | Caucus (closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Mar 8 | Slate | Mar 8 | Slate | N/A |
Idaho | 3 | 29 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 32 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-most | N/A | N/A | N/A | Jun 4 | Convention | 20% | |
Michigan | 3 | 14 | 42 | 59 | 0 | 59 | Primary (open) | Proportional | Proportional | Apr 8 | Convention | Apr 9 | Convention | 15% | |
Mississippi | 3 | 25 | 12 | 40 | 3 | 37 | Primary (open) | Proportional | Winner-take-most | May 14 | Convention | May 14 | Convention | 15% | |
Mar 12 | Washington D.C. | 3 | 16 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 19 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-most | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 12 | Convention | 15% |
Guam | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | Caucus (closed) | (No allocation) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 12 | Convention | N/A | |
Mar 15 | Florida | 0 | 18 | 81 | 99 | 0 | 99 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all [b] | Jun 3 | Convention | Jun 3 | Committee | N/A |
Illinois | 3 [a] | 12 | 54 | 69 | 69 | Primary (open) | Winner-take-all | Direct Elec. [c] | N/A | N/A | May 22 | Convention | N/A | ||
Missouri | 3 | 25 | 24 | 52 | 0 | 52 | Caucus (semi-closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all [d] | Apr 30 | Convention | Jun 2 | Convention | N/A | |
North. Mariana Is. | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Direct Elect. | Mar 15 | N/A | |
North Carolina | 3 | 52 | 0 | 55 | 3 | 52 | Primary (semi-closed) | Proportional | Proportional [b] | Apr 31 | Convention | May 8 | Convention | N/A | |
Ohio | 3 | 66 | 0 | 66 | 0 | 66 | Primary (semi-closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 15 | Slate | N/A | |
Mar 19 | U.S Virgin Islands | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 19 | Convention | N/A |
Mar 22 | American Samoa | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | Caucus (open) | (No allocation) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 22 | Convention | N/A |
Arizona | 3 | 28 | 27 | 58 | 0 | 58 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all [b] | Apr 30 | Convention | Apr 30 | Convention | N/A | |
Utah | 3 | 37 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 40 | Primary (semi-closed) | Winner-take-most | N/A | N/A | N/A | Apr 23 | Convention | 15% [e] | |
Apr 5 | Wisconsin | 3 | 15 | 24 | 42 | 0 | 42 | Primary (open) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all | Apr 17 | Slate | May 14 | Slate | N/A |
Apr 19 | New York | 3 | 11 | 81 | 95 | 0 | 95 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-most | Winner-take-most | Apr 19 | Slate | May 26 | Committee | 20% |
Apr 26 | Connecticut | 3 | 10 | 15 | 28 | 3 | 25 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-most | Winner-take-all | May 20 | Slate | May 20 | Slate | 20% |
Delaware | 3 | 13 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Apr 26 | Convention | N/A | |
Maryland | 3 | 11 | 24 | 38 | 0 | 38 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all | Apr 19 | Direct Elec. | May 14 | Convention | N/A | |
Pennsylvania | 3 | 14 | 54 | 71 | 54 | 17 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | (No allocation) | Apr 19 | Direct Elec. | May 21 | Committee | N/A | |
Rhode Island | 3 | 10 | 6 | 19 | 0 | 19 | Primary (semi-closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Apr 26 | Direct Elec. | Apr 26 | Direct Elec. | 10% | |
May 3 | Indiana | 3 | 27 | 27 | 46 | 0 | 57 | Primary (open) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all | May 3 | Slate | May 3 | Slate | N/A |
May 10 | Nebraska | 3 | 24 | 9 | 36 | 3 | 32 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all [b] | May 14 | Convention | May 14 | Convention | N/A |
West Virginia | 3 | 22 | 9 | 34 | 0 | 34 | Primary (semi-closed) | Direct Elec. [c] | Direct Elec. [c] | May 10 | Direct Elec. | May 10 | Direct Elec. | N/A | |
May 17 | Oregon | 3 | 10 | 15 | 28 | 3 | 25 | Primary (closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Jun 4 | Convention | Jun 4 | Convention | 3.57% |
May 24 | Washington | 3 | 11 | 30 | 44 | 0 | 44 | Primary (closed) | Proportional | Winner-take-most | May 24 | Slate | May 24 | Slate | 20% |
June 7 | California | 3 | 10 | 159 | 172 | 0 | 172 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all | Jun 7 | Slate | Jun 7 | Slate | N/A |
Montana | 3 | 24 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 27 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Jun 16 | Slate | N/A | |
New Jersey | 3 | 48 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 51 | Primary (semi-closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Jun 5 | Slate | N/A | |
New Mexico | 3 | 12 | 9 | 24 | 0 | 24 | Primary (closed) | Proportional | Proportional [b] | May 21 | Convention | May 21 | Convention | 15% | |
South Dakota | 3 | 26 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 29 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 19 | Convention | N/A |
Notes
district
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).choice
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).In late April 2014, in an effort to save about $5 million over less than two years, [44] [45] [46] Flint EM Darnell Earley switched Flint from purchasing treated Lake Huron water from Detroit, as it had done for 50 years, to treating water from the Flint River. The plan was to attach to the Karegnondi system, which was under construction, and would be completed almost three years later. The Flint river had been the designated backup water source for years. [47] [48] [49]
By December 2014, the city had invested $4 million into its water plant. [50]
Editing List of missions to Mars (section) Content that violates any copyrights will be deleted. Encyclopedic content must be verifiable. Work submitted to Wikipedia can be edited, used, and redistributed—by anyone—subject to certain terms and conditions.
BoldItalicLinkEmbedded fileReferenceAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpCite TemplatesNamed referencesNamed referencesError checkCheck for errors
Spacecraft | Launch date [51] | Operator | Mission [51] | Outcome [51] | Remarks | Carrier rocket [52] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1M No.1 | 10 October 1960 |
OKB-1 Soviet Union |
Flyby | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Molniya |
1M No.2 | 14 October 1960 |
OKB-1 Soviet Union |
Flyby | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Molniya |
2MV-4 No.1 | 24 October 1962 | Soviet Union | Flyby | Launch failure | Disintegrated in LEO | Molniya |
Mars 1 (2MV-4 No.2) |
1 November 1962 | Soviet Union | Flyby | Spacecraft failure | Communications lost before flyby | Molniya |
2MV-3 No.1 | 4 November 1962 | Soviet Union | Lander | Launch failure | Never left LEO | Molniya |
Mariner 3 | 5 November 1964 |
NASA United States |
Flyby | Launch failure | Payload fairing failed to separate | Atlas LV-3 Agena-D |
Mariner 4 | 28 November 1964 |
NASA United States |
Flyby | Successful | Closest approach at 01:00:57 UTC on 15 July 1965 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-D |
Zond 2 (3MV-4A No.2) |
30 November 1964 | Soviet Union | Flyby | Spacecraft failure | Communications lost before flyby | Molniya |
Mariner 6 | 25 February 1969 |
NASA United States |
Flyby | Successful | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D | |
2M No.521 | 27 March 1969 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Proton-K/ D |
Mariner 7 | 27 March 1969 |
NASA United States |
Flyby | Successful | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D | |
2M No.522 | 2 April 1969 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Proton-K/ D |
Mariner 8 | 9 May 1971 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D |
Kosmos 419 (3MS No.170) |
10 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Launch failure | Never left LEO; upper stage burn timer set incorrectly | Proton-K/ D |
Mariner 9 | 30 May 1971 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Successful [53] | Entered orbit on 14 November 1971, deactivated 516 days after entering orbit | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D |
Mars 2 (4M No.171) |
19 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Mostly successful | Entered orbit 27 November 1971, operated for 362 orbits. Mapping operations unsuccessful due to dust storms on the surface [54] | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 2 lander (SA 4M No.171) |
19 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Lander | Spacecraft failure | Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971 | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 3 (4M No.172) |
28 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Mostly successful | Entered orbit 2 December 1971, operated for 20 orbits. [55] Mapping operations unsuccessful due to dust storms on the surface [56] | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 3 lander (SA 4M No.172) |
28 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Lander | Partial failure | Deployed from Mars 3; landed at 13:52 UTC on 2 December 1971 but contact lost 14.5 seconds later | Proton-K/ D |
Prop-M Rover rover (SA 4M No.172) |
28 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Rover | Spacecraft failure | Failed to deploy | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 4 (3MS No.52S) |
21 July 1973 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Failed to perform orbital insertion burn | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 5 (3MS No.53S) |
25 July 1973 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Failed after nine days in Mars orbit | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 6 (3MP No.50P) |
5 August 1973 | Soviet Union | Lander Flyby |
Spacecraft failure | Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unreadable. Flyby bus collected data. [57] | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 7 (3MP No.51P) |
9 August 1973 | Soviet Union | Lander Flyby |
Spacecraft failure | Separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere | Proton-K/ D |
Viking 1 orbiter | 20 August 1975 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Successful | Operated for 1385 orbits | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T |
Viking 1 lander | 20 August 1975 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Successful | Deployed from Viking 1 orbiter, operated for 2245 sols | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T |
Viking 2 orbiter | 9 September 1975 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Successful | Operated for 700 orbits | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T |
Viking 2 lander | 9 September 1975 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Successful | Deployed from Viking 2 orbiter, operated for 1281 sols | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T |
Fobos 1 (1F No.101) |
7 July 1988 | Soviet Union | Orbiter Phobos lander |
Spacecraft failure | Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit | Proton-K/ D-2 |
Fobos 2 (1F No.102) |
7 July 1988 | Soviet Union | Orbiter Phobos lander |
Partial failure | Orbital observations successful, communications lost before landing | Proton-K/ D-2 |
Mars Observer | 25 September 1992 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Lost communications before orbital insertion | Commercial Titan III |
Mars Global Surveyor | 7 November 1996 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Successful | Operated for seven years | Delta II 7925 |
Mars 96 (M1 No.520) |
16 November 1996 |
Rosaviakosmos Russia |
Orbiter Penetrators |
Launch failure | Never left LEO | Proton-K/ D-2 |
Mars Pathfinder | 4 December 1996 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Successful | Landed at 19.13°N 33.22°W on 4 July 1997 [58] | Delta II 7925 |
Sojourner | 4 December 1996 |
NASA United States |
Rover | Successful | Operated for 84 days [59] | Delta II 7925 |
Nozomi (PLANET-B) |
3 July 1998 |
ISAS Japan |
Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Ran out of fuel before reaching Mars | M-V |
Mars Climate Orbiter | 11 December 1998 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to unit conversion error and burned up in the atmosphere | Delta II 7425 |
Mars Polar Lander | 3 January 1999 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Spacecraft failure | Failed to land | Delta II 7425 |
Deep Space 2 | 3 January 1999 |
NASA United States |
Penetrators | Spacecraft failure | Deployed from MPL, no data returned | Delta II 7425 |
Mars Odyssey | 7 April 2001 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Operational | Delta II 7925 | |
Mars Express | 2 June 2003 |
ESA Europe |
Orbiter | Operational | Soyuz-FG/ Fregat | |
Beagle 2 | 2 June 2003 |
ESA Europe |
Lander | Lander failure | Deployed from Mars Express. Successful landing, but two solar panels failed to deploy, obstructing its communications. | Soyuz-FG/ Fregat |
Spirit (MER-A) |
10 June 2003 |
NASA United States |
Rover | Successful | operated for 2208 sols | Delta II 7925 |
Opportunity (MER-B) |
8 July 2003 |
NASA United States |
Rover | Operational | Delta II 7925H | |
Rosetta | 2 March 2004 |
ESA Europe |
Gravity assist | Successful | Flyby in February 2007 en route to 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko [60] | Ariane 5G+ |
MRO | 12 August 2005 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Operational | Atlas V 401 | |
Phoenix | 4 August 2007 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Successful | Delta II 7925 | |
Dawn | 27 September 2007 |
NASA United States |
Gravity assist | Successful | Flyby in February 2009 en route to 4 Vesta and Ceres | Delta II 7925H |
Fobos-Grunt | 8 November 2011 |
Roskosmos Russia |
Orbiter Phobos sample |
Spacecraft failure | Never left LEO (intended to depart under own power) | Zenit-2M |
Yinghuo-1 | 8 November 2011 |
CNSA PR China |
Orbiter | Failure Lost with Fobos-Grunt |
To have been deployed by Fobos-Grunt | Zenit-2M |
Curiosity (Mars Science Laboratory) |
26 November 2011 |
NASA United States |
Rover | Operational | Atlas V 541 | |
Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) |
5 November 2013 |
ISRO India |
Orbiter | Operational | Entered Mars orbit on 24 September 2014. Mission extended by six months. [61] [62] | PSLV-XL |
MAVEN | 18 November 2013 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Operational | Orbit insertion on September 22, 2014 [63] | Atlas V 401 |
– — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Cite your sources: Cite error: There are <ref>
tags on this page without content in them (see the
help page).
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The Western Hemisphere is a
geopolitical term term for "the hemisphere of the world containing the Americas."
[65]
[66]
[67] The Western Hemisphere is the half of the world that includes
North America and
South America
[68]
[69]
[70]
[71] The Western Hemisphere consists of the
Americas, adjacent islands, and surrounding waters.
Longitude 160° E to longitude 20° W are considered the boundaries of the Western Hemisphere.Cite error: A <ref>
tag is missing the closing </ref>
(see the
help page). In 1569, Mercator published his first
world map using the
Mercator Projection. It too places the prime meridian through the Azores. Mercator's atlas was published in full, by his son
Rumold in 1595. This atlas was in print continously, until at least 1641, and consistantly placed the prime meridian in the Azores.
[72]
/info/en/?search=File:JodocusHondius-ChristianKnightMap-1597.jpg
Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, maps and atlases placed the prime meridian through the Azores. [73]
Below is a list of the countries which are in the Western Hemisphere, in order from north to south:
In the fields of navigation, geography, and cartography the Western Hemisphere is the half of the world that lies west of the prime meridian (0° longitude) and east of 180° longitude. [75] Until October 1884, when the prime meridian was standardized [76] there were dozens of prime meridians used by navigators and cartographers.
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The part of the Earth comprising North and South America and surrounding waters; longitudes 20°W and 160°E are often considered its boundaries.
Western Hemisphere, Part of Earth comprising North and South America and the surrounding waters. Longitudes 20° W and 160° E are often considered its boundaries.
This dictionary was written with the British speaker of English in mind.
Western Hemisphere, the half of the world that includes North and South America.
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Western Hemisphere The half of the earth comprising North America, Central America, and South America
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The Half of the earth that contains the Americas
Western Hemisphere that half of the earth which includes North & South America
For the purpose of this strategy and associated implementation plans, the Western Hemisphere is defined as the geographic region spanning the area between the International Date Line and the Prime Meridian. It does not include the Polar Regions in either the Northern or Southern Hemispheres, and maintains a decided focus on our strategic priorities in the Americas.
Media related to
Western Hemisphere at Wikimedia Commons
0°N 90°W / 0°N 90°W
Category:Hemispheres of the Earth
Lake Erie | Lake Huron | Lake Michigan | Lake Ontario | Lake Superior | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface area [1] | 9,910 sq mi (25,700 km2) | 23,000 sq mi (60,000 km2) | 22,300 sq mi (58,000 km2) | 7,340 sq mi (19,000 km2) | 31,700 sq mi (82,000 km2) |
Water volume [1] | 116 cu mi (480 km3) | 850 cu mi (3,500 km3) | 1,180 cu mi (4,900 km3) | 393 cu mi (1,640 km3) | 2,900 cu mi (12,000 km3) |
Elevation [2] | 571 ft (174 m) | 577 ft (176 m) | 577 ft (176 m) | 246 ft (75 m) | 600.0 ft (182.9 m) |
Average depth [3] | 62 ft (19 m) | 195 ft (59 m) | 279 ft (85 m) | 283 ft (86 m) | 483 ft (147 m) |
Maximum depth [4] | 210 ft (64 m) | 748 ft (228 m) | 925 ft (282 m) | 804 ft (245 m) | 1,335 ft (407 m) |
Major settlements [5] |
Buffalo, NY Erie, PA Cleveland, OH Lorain, OH Toledo, OH Detroit, MI |
Alpena, MI Bay City, MI Owen Sound, ON Port Huron, MI Sarnia, ON |
Chicago, IL Gary, IN Green Bay, WI Sheboygan, WI Milwaukee, WI Kenosha, WI Racine, WI Muskegon, MI Traverse City, MI |
Hamilton, ON Kingston, ON Mississauga, ON Oshawa, ON Rochester, NY Toronto, ON |
Duluth, MN Marquette, MI Sault Ste. Marie, MI Sault Ste. Marie, ON Superior, WI Thunder Bay, ON |
User:Nwbeeson/GamersGateControversy
The formation of the peptide bond consumes energy, which, in living systems, is derived from ATP. [6] Polypeptides and proteins are chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. Living organisms employ enzymes to produce polypeptides, and ribosomes to produce proteins. Peptides are synthesized by specific enzymes. For example, the tripeptide glutathione is synthesized in two steps from free amino acids, by two enzymes: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase. [7] [8]
Remote footnotes can contain other remote footnotes, or include ref-tag footnotes. Also, any ref-tag footnote ("<ref>...</ref>") can contain a remote-footnote link, circumventing the 10-year problem where a ref-tag footnote cannot contain another ref-tag footnote.
An example (of footnotes within footnotes) would be:
Nested footnotes can be used to address several common issues that would tend to clutter the top-text of an article:
There is no limit to the nesting of remote footnotes within other footnotes.
Top down view is a programming style in video games.
German | |
---|---|
Deutsch, deutsche Sprache] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup ( help) | |
Pronunciation | [ˈdɔʏtʃ] |
Native to | Primarily in German-speaking Europe, as a minority language, and amongst the German diaspora worldwide |
Native speakers | Standard German: 90 million (2010)
[9] all varieties of German: 120 million (1990–2005) [10][ failed verification][ improper synthesis?] L2 speakers: 80 million [11][ verification needed] (55 million (2005) in EU claimed by Eurobarometer [12]) |
Early forms | |
Latin (
German alphabet) German Braille | |
Signed German, LBG (Lautsprachbegleitende/Lautbegleitende Gebärden) | |
Official status | |
Official language in | ![]()
![]() |
Recognised minority language in | ![]() ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Regulated by | No official regulation (German orthography regulated by the Council for German Orthography [28]). |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 |
de |
ISO 639-2 |
ger (B)
deu (T) |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:
deu –
Standard German
gmh –
Middle High German
goh –
Old High German
gct –
Alemán Coloniero
bar –
Austro-Bavarian
cim –
Cimbrian
geh –
Hutterite German
ksh –
Kölsch
nds –
Low German
sli –
Lower Silesian
ltz –
Luxembourgish
vmf –
Main-Franconian
mhn –
Mócheno
pfl –
Palatinate German
pdc –
Pennsylvania German
pdt –
Plautdietsch
swg –
Swabian German
gsw –
Swiss German
uln –
Unserdeutsch
sxu –
Upper Saxon
wae –
Walser German
wep –
Westphalian |
Glottolog |
high1287 partial match |
Linguasphere |
|
![]() | |
Photoreceptor_protein#Photoreceptors_in_animals
Sears opened a store on property just to the south of Frandor the year before [29] Frandor opened. Although not a part of Frandor, shoppers would not be aware of that, so this Sears has acted as an anchor store for Frandor throughout its existance.
The video camera tube was a type of cathode ray tube used to capture the television image prior to the introduction of charge-coupled devices in the mid to late 1980s. Several types were in use from the 1930s to the 1980s.
In these tubes, the cathode ray was scanned across a target which was illuminated by the scene to be broadcast. The resultant current was dependent on the brightness of the image on the target. The In older video cameras, before the mid to late 1980s, a video camera tube or pickup tube was used instead of a charge-coupled device (CCD) for converting an optical image into an electrical signal. Several types were in use from the 1930s to the 1980s. The most commercially successful of these tubes were various types of cathode ray tubes or "CRTs".
Any vacuum tube which operates using a focused beam of electrons (" cathode rays") is known as a cathode ray tube. However, in the popular lexicon "CRT" usually refers to the "picture tube" in a television or computer monitor. The proper term for this type of display tube is kinescope, only one of many types of cathode ray tubes. Others include the tubes used in oscilloscopes, radar displays, and the camera pickup tubes described in this article. [30] (The word "kinescope" has also become the popular name for a film recording made by focusing a motion picture camera onto the face of a kinescope cathode ray tube, a common practice before the advent of video tape recording. [31])
Video camera tubes typically had a certain maximum brightness tolerance. If that limit were exceeded, such as by pointing the camera at the sun, sun-reflecting shiny surfaces, like chrome car bumpers, or extremely bright point light sources, the tube detecting surface would instantly "burn out" and be rendered insensitive on part or all of the screen. A slight burn might fade away over a matter of weeks, but for a severe burn the only remedy was replacing the video tube. [32]
Talk:Service_star#Obsolete Most known animal phyla appeared in the fossil record as marine species during the Cambrian explosion, about 542 million years ago. Animals are divided into various sub-groups, some of which are: vertebrates ( birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish); mollusks ( clams, oysters, octopuses, squid, snails); arthropods ( millipedes, centipedes, insects, spiders, scorpions, crabs, lobsters, shrimp); annelids ( earthworms, leeches); sponges; and jellyfish.
A 1925 Ford pickup truck cost $281 which is $4,882 today.
Hatton Gospels is the name now given to a manuscript produced in the late twelfth century or early thirteenth century. It contains a translation of the four gospels into West Saxon. [34] The translators worked from the Vulgate, the Latin Bible that was the standard Biblical text of Western Christianity.
Winners in Boldface. Italics denote a tie game.
Date played | West / PCC / Pac-12 | East / Big Ten | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 1, 1902 | Stanford | 0 | Michigan | 49 | notes | |
January 1, 1916 | Washington State | 14 | Brown | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1917 | Oregon | 14 | Pennsylvania | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1918* | Mare Island - USMC | 19 | Camp Lewis - US Army | 7 | notes | |
January 1, 1919* | Mare Island - USMC | 0 | Great Lakes - US Navy | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1920 | Oregon | 6 | Harvard | 7 | notes | |
January 1, 1921 | California | 28 | Ohio State | 0 | notes | |
January 2, 1922 | California | 0 | Washington & Jefferson | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1923 | USC | 14 | Penn State | 3 | notes | |
January 1, 1924 | Washington | 14 | Navy | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1925 | Stanford | 10 | Notre Dame | 27 | notes | |
January 1, 1926 | Washington | 19 | Alabama | 20 | notes | |
January 1, 1927 | Stanford | 7 | Alabama | 7 | notes | |
January 2, 1928 | Stanford | 7 | Pittsburgh | 6 | notes | |
January 1, 1929 | California | 7 | Georgia Tech | 8 | notes | |
January 1, 1930 | USC | 47 | Pittsburgh | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1931 | Washington State | 0 | Alabama | 24 | notes | |
January 1, 1932 | USC | 21 | Tulane | 12 | notes | |
January 2, 1933 | USC | 35 | Pittsburgh | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1934 | Stanford | 0 | Columbia | 7 | notes | |
January 1, 1935 | Stanford | 13 | Alabama | 29 | notes | |
January 1, 1936 | Stanford | 7 | SMU | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1937 | Washington | 0 | Pittsburgh | 21 | notes | |
January 1, 1938 | California | 13 | Alabama | 0 | notes | |
January 2, 1939 | USC | 7 | Duke | 3 | notes | |
January 1, 1940 | USC | 14 | Tennessee | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1941 | Stanford | 21 | Nebraska | 13 | notes | |
January 1, 1942** | Oregon State | 20 | Duke | 16 | notes | |
January 1, 1943 | UCLA | 0 | Georgia | 9 | notes | |
January 1, 1944 | USC | 29 | Washington | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1945 | USC | 25 | Tennessee | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1946 | USC | 14 | Alabama | 34 | notes | |
January 1, 1947 | UCLA | 14 | Illinois | 45 | notes | |
January 1, 1948 | USC | 0 | Michigan | 49 | notes | |
January 1, 1949 | California | 14 | Northwestern | 20 | notes | |
January 2, 1950 | California | 14 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1951 | California | 6 | Michigan | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1952 | Stanford | 7 | Illinois | 40 | notes | |
January 1, 1953 | USC | 7 | Wisconsin | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1954 | UCLA | 20 | Michigan State | 28 | notes | |
January 1, 1955 | USC | 7 | Ohio State | 20 | notes | |
January 2, 1956 | UCLA | 14 | Michigan State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1957 | Oregon State | 19 | Iowa | 35 | notes | |
January 1, 1958 | Oregon | 7 | Ohio State | 10 | notes | |
January 1, 1959 | California | 12 | Iowa | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 1960 | Washington | 44 | Wisconsin | 8 | notes | |
January 2, 1961 | Washington | 17 | Minnesota | 7 | notes | |
January 1, 1962 | UCLA | 3 | Minnesota | 21 | notes | |
January 1, 1963 | USC | 42 | Wisconsin | 37 | notes | |
January 1, 1964 | Washington | 7 | Illinois | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1965 | Oregon State | 7 | Michigan | 34 | notes | |
January 1, 1966 | UCLA | 14 | Michigan State | 12 | notes | |
January 2, 1967 | USC | 13 | Purdue | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1968 | USC | 14 | Indiana | 3 | notes | |
January 1, 1969 | USC | 16 | Ohio State | 27 | notes | |
January 1, 1970 | USC | 10 | Michigan | 3 | notes | |
January 1, 1971 | Stanford | 27 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1972 | Stanford | 13 | Michigan | 12 | notes | |
January 1, 1973 | USC | 42 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1974 | USC | 21 | Ohio State | 42 | notes | |
January 1, 1975 | USC | 18 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1976 | UCLA | 23 | Ohio State | 10 | notes | |
January 1, 1977 | USC | 14 | Michigan | 6 | notes | |
January 2, 1978 | Washington | 27 | Michigan | 20 | notes | |
January 1, 1979 | USC | 17 | Michigan | 10 | notes | |
January 1, 1980 | USC | 17 | Ohio State | 16 | notes | |
January 1, 1981 | Washington | 6 | Michigan | 23 | notes | |
January 1, 1982 | Washington | 28 | Iowa | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1983 | UCLA | 24 | Michigan | 14 | notes | |
January 2, 1984 | UCLA | 45 | Illinois | 9 | notes | |
January 1, 1985 | USC | 20 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1986 | UCLA | 45 | Iowa | 28 | notes | |
January 1, 1987 | Arizona State | 22 | Michigan | 15 | notes | |
January 1, 1988 | USC | 17 | Michigan State | 20 | notes | |
January 2, 1989 | USC | 14 | Michigan | 22 | notes | |
January 1, 1990 | USC | 17 | Michigan | 10 | notes | |
January 1, 1991 | Washington | 46 | Iowa | 34 | notes | |
January 1, 1992 | Washington | 34 | Michigan | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1993 | Washington | 31 | Michigan | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 1994 | UCLA | 16 | Wisconsin | 21 | notes | |
January 2, 1995 | Oregon | 20 | Penn State | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 1996 | USC | 41 | Northwestern | 32 | notes | |
January 1, 1997 | Arizona State | 17 | Ohio State | 20 | notes | |
January 1, 1998 | Washington State | 16 | Michigan | 21 | notes | |
January 1, 1999 | UCLA | 31 | Wisconsin | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 2000 | Stanford | 9 | Wisconsin | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 2001 | Washington | 34 | Purdue | 24 | notes | |
January 3, 2002*** | Miami (FL) | 37 | Nebraska | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 2003 | Washington State | 14 | Oklahoma | 34 | notes | |
January 1, 2004 | USC | 28 | Michigan | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 2005 | Texas | 38 | Michigan | 37 | notes | |
January 4, 2006*** | USC | 38 | Texas | 41 | notes | |
January 1, 2007 | USC | 32 | Michigan | 18 | notes | |
January 1, 2008 | USC | 49 | Illinois | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 2009 | USC | 38 | Penn State | 24 | notes | |
January 1, 2010 | Oregon | 17 | Ohio State | 26 | notes | |
January 1, 2011 | TCU | 21 | Wisconsin | 19 | notes | |
January 2, 2012 | Oregon | 45 | Wisconsin | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 2013 | Stanford | 20 | Wisconsin | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 2014 | Stanford | 20 | Michigan State | 24 | notes |
* During WWI, military teams played.
** Following the
attack on Pearl Harbor, the 1942 game was moved to
Duke University's
Wallace Wade Stadium in
Durham, North Carolina, as officials were wary of allowing such a large crowd to congregate anywhere on the
West Coast due to
World War II security concerns.
*** Denotes
BCS National Championship Game under the original format, teams outside the usual parameters played this year
Sodium polycarboxylate is the name used on labels in the United States to designate a family of anionic polymers with a long carbon chain backbone along which are many attached carboxyl functional groups.
In population genetics, linkage disequilibrium is a combination of alleles ( DNA sequences) at various locations ( loci) in a genome (usually on one chromosome) that are inherited together more (or less) often than expected from the frequency of the alleles in the population. (see Example )
A linkage disequilibrium may be one locus, several loci, an entire chromosome, or the genome depending on the number of recombination events that have occurred between a given set of loci. In other words, linkage disequilibrium is the occurrence of some combinations of alleles or genetic markers in a population more often or less often than would be expected from a random formation of haplotypes from alleles based on their frequencies. It is indicative of a recent mutation, because there has not been time for recombination to separate the mutation from the particular alleles carried by its founder individual. [35]
Since linkage disequilibrium is the non-random association of alleles at two or more loci, that may or may not be on the same chromosome, it would be more appropriate to term it allelic association. [35] It is also referred to as gametic phase disequilibrium, [36] or simply gametic disequilibrium.
It is a second order phenomenon derived from linkage, which is the presence of two or more loci on a chromosome with limited recombination between them. The amount of linkage disequilibrium depends on the difference between observed allelic frequencies and those expected from a homogenous, randomly distributed model. Populations where combinations of alleles or genotypes can be found in the expected proportions are said to be in linkage equilibrium.
The level of linkage disequilibrium is influenced by a number of factors, including genetic linkage, selection, the rate of recombination, the rate of mutation, genetic drift, non-random mating, and population structure. A limiting example of the effect of rate of recombination may be seen in some organisms (such as bacteria) that reproduce asexually and hence exhibit no recombination to break down the linkage disequilibrium. An example of the effect of population structure is the phenomenon of Finnish disease heritage, which is attributed to a population bottleneck.
Along the linear DNA molecule one gene follows another. These genes are said to be linked since they follow each other on the same DNA molecule, and are inherited as a group. For every gene there are several varieties. For example suppose hair color (red, brown, blond, black), eye color (hazel, green, blue, brown), heart attack rate (high, normal, low), hair curliness (straight, wavy, curly) appear one after the other. The most common pattern of the 144 possible patterns of these four genes would be black, brown, normal, and straight. Suppose a mutation occurs in a Swede in the heart attack rate gene. Now there is in the world one copy of DNA with blond, blue, ultra-low (the new mutation), and wavy. This is a linkage disequilibrium. This linkage disequilibrium would propagate because the ultra-low heart attack rate would allow the people carrying it to live longer which gives them time to have more children.
Over a long time recombination which shuffles gene varieties, but not their order, will produce all possible combinations of these four genes. The most common pattern then would be black, brown, ultra-low, and straight, and the linkage disequilibrium would have disappeared.
When a mutation occurs it occurs on one DNA molecule in one individual. Thus it has only one set of neighboring
The manuscript has decorated initials. They are large, and appear alternately in read or blue with pen ornament of the other color. Large decorated initials, alternately red or blue with pen ornament of the other colour. The large initials are twenty percent into the margins. The text is indented around the large initials. At the beginning of each Gospel, the large initial is green. [34]
The manuscript is massing Luke 16.12 through 17.1.
The manuscript was probably produced at Canterbury. It contains palaeographic evidence of such an origin.<
The first sure knowledge of the manuscript is the signature of John Parker (d. 1618), on the verso of folio i. Parker was the son of Archbishop Mathew Parker. Next there is a signature of Christopher, Baron Hatton(d. 1670), on the recto of folio ii. John Hatton bought the manuscript from the estate of
Later medieval history is unknown. The manuscript belonged to John Parker (1548-1618), son of Archbishop Mathew Parker (his signature may be seen on the verso of fol. i) and Christopher, Baron Hatton( 1605?-1670), whose signature is on the recto of fol. ii; used by Francis Junius (1589-1677) for his 1665 edition of the Gospel. The Oxford BOdleian Lirbary acquired it with other Hatton manuscripts in 1671.
Grunberg, M., The West-Saxon Gospels: A study of the Gospels of St. Matthew with Text of the Four Gospels (Amsterdam: Scheltema and Holkema NV, 1967
Hardwick, Charles ed., Gospels According to Saint Matthew in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Versions, Synoptically Arranged, with Collations of the Best Manuscripts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1858)
Junius, Francis and Marshall, Thomas ed., Quatuor D. N. Jesu Christi Evangeliorumversiones perantiquae duae, Gothica scil. et Anglo-Saxonica: Quarum illam ex celeberrimo Codice Argenteo nunc primum depromsit Franciscus Junius F. F. Hanc autem ex Codicibus MSS. collatis emendatius recudi curavit Thomas Mareschallus, Anglus: cujus etiam Observationes in utramque Versionem subnectuntur. Accessit + Glossarium Gothicum cui praemittitur Alphabetum Gothicum, Runicum +c. opera ejusdem francisci Junii., 2 vols (Dordrecht: Henricus and Essaeus, 1665)
Lenker, Ursula, Die Westsächsische Evangelienversion und die Perikopenordnungen im angelsächsischen England, Münchener Universitäts-Schriften, Philosophische Fakultät, Texte und Untersuchungen zur Englischen Philologie, 20 (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1997)
Liuzza, R. M., '378. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Hatton 38 (4090): "West Saxon Gospels"', in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile, ed. by R. M. Liuzza and A. N. Doane (Binghamton, NY: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1995), vol. 3: Anglo-Saxon Gospels, pp. 32-33
Skeat, Walter W., ed., The Gospel According to Saint John: in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Versions, Synoptically Arranged, with Collations Exhibiting all the Readings of All the MSS (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1878)
Madan, Falconer (1895–1953). A Summary Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 837.{{
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link)Category:1200s books Category:Christianity in the United Kingdom Category:12th-century Christian texts Category:12th century in England Category:English Bible translations
Family Equidae (in addition to Equus, the family includes approximately 35 other genera, all extinct)
Talk:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory#Introduction
Steel, David; Penny (13 May 2010).
"Origins of life: Common ancestry put to the test". 465 (7295). London: Macmillan Publishers Limited: 168–169.
doi:
10.1038/465168a.
ISSN
0028-0836. {{
cite journal}}
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and |first=
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Theobald, Douglas L. (13 May 2010).
"A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry". Nature. 465 (7295). London: Macmillan Publishers Limited: 219–222.
doi:
10.1038/nature09014.
ISSN
0028-0836.{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (
link)
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse#Bigamous Marriage
History of Earth and its life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
−4500 — – −4000 — – −3500 — – −3000 — – −2500 — – −2000 — – −1500 — – −1000 — – −500 — – 0 — |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scale: Millions of years |
Features shared more widely than in a group of interest. These are primitive for the group in question and cannot provide evidence for the group.
An evolutionary trait that is homologous within a particular group of organisms but is not unique to members of that group (compare apomorphy) and therefore cannot be used as a diagnostic or defining character for the group. For example, vertebrae are found in zebras, cheetahs, and orang-utans, but the common ancestor in which this trait first evolved is so distant that the trait is shared by many other animals. Therefore, possession of vertebrae sheds no light on the phylogenetic relations of these three species.
A Dictionary of Biology, Oxford University Press, © Market House Books Ltd 2000
Symplesiomorphy
The possession of a character state that is primitive (plesiomorphic) and shared between two or more taxa. Shared possession of a symplesiomorph character state is not evidence that the taxa in question are related.
In cladistics, a symplesiomorphy or symplesiomorphic character is a trait which is shared (a symmorphy) between two or more taxa, but which is also shared with other taxa which have an earlier last common ancestor with the taxa under consideration. Symplesiomorphies are therefore not an indication that the taxa considered are more closely related to each other than to the more distant taxa, as all share the more primitive trait. A close phylogenetic relationship, that the taxa form a certain clade to the exclusion of certain other taxa, can only be shown by the discovery of synapomorphies which are shared traits that have originated with the last common ancestor of the taxa considered.
A plesiomorphy is
The concept of the symplesiomorphy shows the danger of grouping species together on the basis of general morphologic or genetic similarity, without distinguishing between resemblances caused by either primitive or derived traits. This phenetic method of analysis was common before cladistics became popular in the 1980s.
A famous example is pharyngeal gill breathing in bony and cartilaginous fishes. The former are more closely related to Tetrapoda (terrestrial vertebrates, which evolved out of a clade of bony fishes) that breathe via their skin or lungs, rather than to the sharks, rays, et al.. Their kind of gill respiration is shared by the "fishes" because it was present in their common ancestor and lost in the other living vertebrates.
Choice | Votes | % |
---|---|---|
![]() |
134,397 | 98.10 |
Yes | 2,599 | 1.90 |
Valid votes | 136,996 | 94.98 |
Invalid or blank votes | 7,235 | 5.02 |
Total votes | 144,231 | 100.00 |
Registered voters/turnout | 230,018 | 62.70 |
Metal | Colorado limit ppb |
Measured ppb | Percent over limit |
---|---|---|---|
cadmium | 6 | 5 | 20 |
lead | 5,720 | 50 | 10,000 |
arsenic | 264 | 10 | 2,600 |
iron | 326,000 | 1000 | 32,600 |
copper | 1,120 | 1000 | 12 |
manganese | 3,040 | 50 | 3,000 |
Rank 2011 |
Rank 2010 |
Company | Country of origin | Revenue (million $ USD) |
2011/2010 changes | Market share |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Intel Corporation(1) |
![]() |
49 685 | +23.0% | 15.9% |
2 | 2 | Samsung Electronics |
![]() |
29 242 | +3.0% | 9.3% |
3 | 4 | Texas Instruments(2) |
![]() |
14 081 | +8.4% | 4.5% |
4 | 3 | Toshiba Semiconductor |
![]() |
13 362 | +2.7% | 4.3% |
5 | 5 | Renesas Electronics |
![]() |
11 153 | -6.2% | 3.6% |
6 | 9 | Qualcomm(3) |
![]() |
10 080 | +39.9% | 3.2% |
7 | 7 | STMicroelectronics |
![]() ![]() |
9 792 | -5.4% | 3.1% |
8 | 6 | Hynix |
![]() |
8 911 | -14.2% | 2.8% |
9 | 8 | Micron Technology |
![]() |
7 344 | -17.3% | 2.3% |
10 | 10 | Broadcom |
![]() |
7 153 | +7.0% | 2.3% |
11 | 12 | AMD |
![]() |
6 483 | +2.2% | 2.1% |
12 | 13 | Infineon Technologies |
![]() |
5 403 | -14.5% | 1.7% |
13 | 14 | Sony |
![]() |
5 153 | -1.4% | 1.6% |
14 | 16 | Freescale Semiconductor |
![]() |
4 465 | +2.5% | 1.4% |
15 | 11 | Elpida Memory |
![]() |
3 854 | -40.2% | 1.2% |
16 | 17 | NXP |
![]() |
3 838 | -4.7% | 1.2% |
17 | 20 | NVIDIA |
![]() |
3 672 | +14.9% | 1.2% |
18 | 18 | Marvell Technology Group |
![]() |
3 448 | -4.4% | 1.1% |
19 | 26 | ON Semiconductor(4) |
![]() |
3 423 | +49.4% | 1.1% |
20 | 15 | Panasonic |
![]() |
3 365 | -32.0% | 1.1% |
21 | 21 | Rohm Semiconductor |
![]() |
3 187 | +2.2% | 1.0% |
22 | 19 | MediaTek |
![]() |
2 952 | -16.9% | 0.9% |
23 | 28 | Nichia |
![]() |
2 936 | +34.1% | 0.9% |
24 | 23 | Analog Devices |
![]() |
2 846 | -0.6% | 0.9% |
25 | 22 | Fujitsu Semiconductors |
![]() |
2 742 | -0.5% | 0.9% |
All Other companies | 95 610 | -0.5% | 30.7% | |||
TOTAL | 311 360 | 1.3% | 100.0% |
School | Conference | Record (Conference) | Head Coach | Previous CWS Appearances | CWS Best Finish | CWS W-L Record |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arizona State | Pac-10 | 51–8 (20–7) | Tim Esmay | 21 (last: 2009) |
1st ( 1965, 1967, 1969, 1977, 1981) |
61–36 |
Clemson | ACC | 43–23 (18–12) | Jack Leggett | 11 (last: 2006) |
3rd ( 1996, 2002) |
10–22 |
Florida | SEC | 47–15 (22–8) | Kevin O'Sullivan | 5 (last: 2005) |
2nd ( 2005) |
8–11 |
Florida State | ACC | 47–18 (18–12) | Mike Martin | 19 (last: 2008) |
2nd ( 1970, 1986, 1999) |
25–38 |
Oklahoma | Big 12 | 49–16 (15–10) | Sunny Golloway | 9 (last: 1995) |
1st ( 1951, 1994) |
14–14 |
South Carolina | SEC | 48–15 (21–9) | Ray Tanner | 8 (last: 2004) |
2nd (1975, 1977, 2002) |
25–17 |
TCU | MWC | 51–12 (19–5) | Jim Schlossnagle | 0 (last: none) |
none | 0–0 |
UCLA | Pac-10 | 48–14 (18–9) | John Savage | 2 (last: 1997) |
7th (1969, 1997) |
3–7 |
Model Number | Step. | Freq. | L2 Cache | L3 Cache | HT | Multi 1 | Voltage | TDP | Socket | Release Date | Part Number(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenom II X4 805 | C2 | 2.5 | 512 | 4 | 2 | 12.5 | 0.875 - 1.425 | 95 | AM3 | February 9, 2009 | HDX805WFK4FGI |
Phenom II X4 810 | C2 | 2.6 | 512 | 4 | 2 | 13 | 0.875 - 1.425 | 95 | AM3 | February 9, 2009 | HDX810WFK4FGI |
Phenom II X4 900e | C2 | 2.4 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 12 | 0.850 - 1.250 | 65 | AM3 | unknown, 2009 | HD900EOCK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 905e | C2 | 2.5 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 12.5 | 0.825 - 1.250 | 65 | AM3 | June 2, 2009 | HD905EOCK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 910 | C2 | 2.6 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 13 | 0.875 - 1.425 | 95 | AM3 | February 9, 2009 | HDX910WFK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 920 | C2 | 2.8 | 512 | 6 | 1.8 | 14 | 0.875 - 1.500 | 125 W | AM2+ | January 8, 2009 | HDX920XCJ4DGI |
Phenom II X4 925 | C3 | 2.8 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 14 | 0.850 - 1.400 | 95 W | AM3 | November 4, 2009 | HDX925WFK4DGM |
Phenom II X4 940 Black Edition 2 | C2 | 3.0 | 512 | 6 | 1.8 | 15 | 0.875 - 1.500 | 125 | AM2+ | January 8, 2009 | HDZ940XCJ4DGI |
Phenom II X4 945 | C2 | 3.0 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 15 | 0.875 - 1.500 | 125 | AM3 | April 23, 2009 | HDX945FBK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 945 | C2 | 3.0 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 15 | 0.850 - 1.425 | 95 | AM3 | June 12, 2009 | HDX945WFK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 945 | C3 | 3.0 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 15 | 0.850 - 1.400 | 95 | AM3 | November 4, 2009 | HDX945WFK4DGM |
Phenom II X4 955 Black Edition 2 | C2 | 3.2 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 16 | 0.875 - 1.500 | 125 | AM3 | April 23, 2009 | HDZ955FBK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 955 Black Edition 2 | C3 | 3.2 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 16 | 0.850 - 1.400 | 125 | AM3 | November 11, 2009 | HDX955FBK4DGM |
Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition 2 | C2 | 3.4 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 17 | 0.850 - 1.425 | 140 | AM3 | August 13, 2009 | HDZ965FBK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition 2 | C3 | 3.4 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 17 | 0.825 - 1.400 | 125 | AM3 | November 7, 2009 | HDX965FBK4DGM |
year | total cases | % |
---|---|---|
2009 | 2463 | NA |
2010 | 1785 | 38% |
2011 | 1006 | 77% |
2012 | 521 | 96% |
country | % of GDP |
---|---|
Estonia | 28.6 |
Greek | 24.3 |
Latvia | 21.6 |
Italy | 21.6 |
Belgium | 17.1 |
Germany | 13.5 |
App. Mag. (V) | Celestial object |
---|---|
–30.40 | Sun as seen from 1566 Icarus at perihelion |
–29.30 | Sun as seen from Mercury at perihelion |
–27.40 | Sun as seen from Venus at perihelion |
–26.73 | Sun (449,000 times brighter than full moon) |
–25.60 | Sun as seen from Mars at aphelion |
–23.00 | Sun as seen from Jupiter at aphelion |
–21.70 | Sun as seen from Saturn at aphelion |
–20.20 | Sun as seen from Uranus at aphelion |
–19.30 | Sun as seen from Neptune |
–18.20 | Sun as seen from Pluto at aphelion |
–16.70 | Sun as seen from Eris at aphelion |
–12.92 | Maximum brightness of Full Moon [2] |
–11.20 | Sun as seen from Sedna at aphelion |
–10.00 | Sun as seen from scattered disc object 2006 SQ372 at aphelion |
–9.50 | Maximum brightness of an Iridium (satellite) flare |
–8.30 | Sun as seen from Comet Hyakutake at aphelion |
–7.50 | The SN 1006 supernova of AD 1006, the brightest stellar event in recorded history [3] |
–6.00 | The Crab Supernova ( SN 1054) of AD 1054 (6500 light years away) [4] |
–4.67 | Maximum brightness of Venus [5] when illuminated as a crescent and the International Space Station (when the ISS is at its perigee and fully lit by the sun) [6] |
–4.00 | Faintest objects observable during the day with naked eye when Sun high in the sky |
–3.82 | Minimum brightness of Venus when it is on the far side of the Sun |
–2.94 | Maximum brightness of Jupiter [7] |
–2.91 | Maximum brightness of Mars [8] |
–2.50 | Faintest objects observable during the day with naked eye when Sun less than 10° above horizon |
–2.50 | Minimum brightness of Moon when close near a sun (New Moon) |
–2.45 | Maximum brightness of Mercury at superior conjunction (unlike Venus, Mercury is at its brightest when on the far side of the Sun) |
–1.61 | Minimum brightness of Jupiter |
–1.47 | Brightest star (except for the sun) at visible wavelengths: Sirius [9] |
–0.83 | Eta Carinae apparent brightness as a Supernova impostor in April 1843 |
–0.72 | Second-brightest star: Canopus [10] |
–0.49 | Maximum brightness of Saturn at opposition and when the rings are full open (2003, 2018) |
–0.27 | The combined magnitude for the Alpha Centauri star system |
–0.04 | Third-brightest star: Arcturus [11] |
0.03 | Vega, which was originally chosen as a definition of the zero point [12] |
0.50 | Sun as seen from Alpha Centauri |
1.21 | Minimum brightness of Saturn |
1.84 | Minimum brightness of Mars |
3.03 | The SN 1987A supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud 160,000 light-years away. |
3 ... 4 | Faintest stars visible in an urban neighborhood with naked eye |
3.44 | The well known Andromeda Galaxy (M31) [13] |
4.38 | Maximum brightness of Ganymede [14] (moon of Jupiter and the largest moon in the solar system) |
4.50 | M41 an open cluster that may have been seen by Aristotle [15] |
5.14 | Maximum brightness of brightest asteroid Vesta |
5.32 | Maximum brightness of Uranus [16] |
5.72 | The spiral galaxy M33 which is used as a test for naked eye seeing under dark skies [17] [18] |
5.73 | Minimum brightness of Mercury |
5.95 | Minimum brightness of Uranus |
6.40 | Maximum brightness of asteroid Pallas |
6.50 | Approximate limit of stars observed by a mean naked eye observer under very good conditions. There are about 9,493 stars visible to mag 6.5. [19] |
6.73 | Maximum brightness of dwarf planet Ceres in the asteroid belt |
6.90 | The spiral galaxy M81 is an extreme naked eye target that pushes human eyesight and the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale to the limit [20] |
7 ... 8 | Extreme naked eye limit with class 1 Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, the darkest skies available on Earth [21] |
7.72 | The star HD 85828 [22] is the faintest star known to be observed with the naked eye [23] |
7.78 | Maximum brightness of Neptune [24] |
8.02 | Minimum brightness of Neptune |
8.10 | Maximum brightness of Titan (largest moon of Saturn) [25] [26] Mean opposition magnitude 8.4 [27] |
9.01 | Maximum brightness of asteroid 10 Hygiea [28] |
9.50 | Faintest objects visible using common 7x50 binoculars under typical conditions |
10.20 | Maximum brightness of Iapetus [26] (brightest when west of Saturn and takes 40 days to switch sides) |
12.00 | Sun as seen from Rigel |
12.91 | Brightest quasar 3C 273 ( luminosity distance of 2.4 Giga- light years) |
13.42 | Maximum brightness of Triton [27] |
13.65 | Maximum brightness of Pluto [29] (725 times fainter than magnitude 6.5 naked eye skies) |
15.40 | Maximum brightness of centaur Chiron [30] |
15.55 | Maximum brightness of Charon (the large moon of Pluto) |
16.80 | Current opposition brightness of Makemake [31] |
17.27 | Current opposition brightness of Haumea [32] |
18.70 | Current opposition brightness of Eris |
20.70 | Callirrhoe (small ~8km satellite of Jupiter) [27] |
22.00 | Approximate limiting magnitude of a 24" Ritchey-Chrétien telescope with 30 minutes of stacked images (6 subframes at 300s each) using a ccd detector [33] |
22.91 | Maximum brightness of Pluto's moon Hydra |
23.38 | Maximum brightness of Pluto's moon Nix |
25 | Fenrir (small ~4km satellite of Saturn) [34] |
27 | Faintest objects observable in visible light with 8m ground-based telescopes |
28 | Jupiter if it were located 5000AU from the Sun [35] |
28.2 | Halley's Comet in 2003 when it was 28AU from the Sun [36] |
29.30 | Sun as seen from Andromeda Galaxy |
31.5 | Faintest objects observable in visible light with Hubble Space Telescope |
35 | Sedna at aphelion (900 AU) |
35 | LBV 1806-20 is a luminous blue variable star at visible wavelengths |
36 | Faintest objects observable in visible light with E-ELT |
(see also List of brightest stars) |
The above are only approximate values at visible wavelengths (in reality the values depend on the precise bandpass used) — see airglow for more details of telescope sensitivity.
==Spacer++ asdfasdfsdf asdf asd
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The sentence on the territorial size of Georgia, had the phrase "total area, a term which includes expanses of water claimed as state territory." This clearly implies that these water areas are not really part of the territory of Michigan, Wisconsin, or Florida. However this is incorrect.
The territory of Georgia includes that area under the water of West Point Lake, Hartwell Lake, Russell Lake, etc. all of which are bodies of water shared with neighboring states. If you commit murder on these waters you will be tried in the county and state in which the boat was located when the crime was committed.
Another example is Lake Tahoe which is shared by California and Nevada, with no one implying that the 133,000 sq. mi. of territory that is under the surface is "claimed" by California. It is part of the territory of California.
There is no doubt at all that the land under the surface of the Great Lakes is part of the territory of the various states. The exact boundaries of all states and their counties are completely established, and as well known as any land boundary. In fact there is an international boundary which Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York have with Canada, which differs in no material way as that boundary which North Dakota has with Canada, even though for these five states the boundary is partly or entirely underwater.
Finally for every state article in Wikipedia, there is a standard-template right side-bar which includes in the "Area" box a list item titled "% water". For Georgia it is 2.6%. Is this just "claimed" territorial area or is it actual territorial area?
Nick Beeson ( talk) 17:51, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
Chordata |
| |||||||||||||||||||||
ppmv: parts per million by volume | ||
Gas | Volume | Molar Fraction |
---|---|---|
Nitrogen (N2) | 780,840 ppmv (78.084%) | 754,200 |
Oxygen (O2) | 209,460 ppmv (20.946%) | 231,100 |
Argon (Ar) | 9,340 ppmv (0.9340%) | 12,866 |
Carbon dioxide (CO2) | 383 ppmv (0.0383%) | 581 |
Neon (Ne) | 18.18 ppmv (0.001818%) | 12.66 |
Helium (He) | 5.24 ppmv (0.000524%) | 0.72 |
Methane (CH4) | 1.745 ppmv (0.0001745%) | 0.97 |
Krypton (Kr) | 1.14 ppmv (0.000114%) | 3.29 |
Hydrogen (H2) | 0.55 ppmv (0.000055%) | 0.02 |
Not included in above dry atmosphere: | ||
Water vapor (H2O) | ~0.40% over full atmosphere, typically 1% to 4% near surface |
Gas | Volume |
---|---|
nitrous oxide | 0.3 ppmv (0.00005%) |
xenon | 0.09 ppmv (9x10-6%) |
ozone | 0.0 to 0.07 ppmv (0%-7x10-6%) |
nitrogen dioxide | 0.02 ppmv (2x10-6%) |
iodine | 0.01 ppmv (1x10-6%) |
carbon monoxide | trace |
ammonia | trace |
There is a table in the source for this page. I am not sure why it does not show up here.
Country | BSE cases | vCJD cases |
---|---|---|
Austria | 5 | 0 |
Belgium | 125 | 0 |
Canada | 10 | 1 |
Czech Republic | 9 | 0 |
Denmark | 15 | 0 |
Falkland Islands | 1 | 0 |
Finland | 1 | 0 |
France [38] | 900 | 11 |
Germany | 312 | 0 |
Greece | 1 | 0 |
Hong Kong | 2 | 0 |
Israel | 1 | 0 |
Italy | 117 | 1 |
Japan | 26 | 1 |
Liechtenstein | 2 | 0 |
Luxembourg | 2 | 1 |
Netherlands | 75 | 2 |
Oman | 2 | 0 |
Poland | 21 | 0 |
Portugal | 875 | 2 |
Republic of Ireland | 1,353 | 4 |
Slovakia | 15 | 0 |
Slovenia | 7 | 0 |
Spain | 412 | 2 |
Sweden | 1 | 0 |
Switzerland | 453 | 0 |
Thailand [39] | 2 | |
United Kingdom | 183,823 | 163 |
United States | 3 | 3 |
Total | 188,535 | 193 |
If there is text does this force the table to appear where it should?
Now?
Column heading 1 | Column heading 2 | Column heading 3 |
---|---|---|
Row heading 1 | Cell 2 | Cell 3 |
Row heading A | Cell B | Cell C |
(+ 60 results pending)
Common | Scientific |
---|---|
wolf | Canis lupus |
earthworm | Lumbricus terrestris |
honey bee | Apis mellifera |
cone flower | Echinacea sp. |
daisy | Bellis perennis |
white oak | Quercus alba |
This is the first section. Goto the forth section.
Inclination | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Inclination to ecliptic (°) |
Inclination to Sun's equator (°) | |||||||||
Terrestrials | Mercury | 7.01 | 3.38 | ||||||||
Venus | 3.39 | 3.86 | |||||||||
Gas giants | Jupiter | 1.31 | 6.09 | ||||||||
Saturn | 2.49 | 5.51 | |||||||||
This is the first section. Goto the forth section.
recombination | mieosis | shuffles the genes between the two chromosomes in each pair (one received from each parent), producing chromosomes with new genetic combinations in every gamete generated | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mitosis | does not shuffle the genes, porducing chromosomes pairs identical to those in the parent cell. | ||||||||||
chromosome count | mieosis | produces four genetically unique cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as in the parent | |||||||||
mitosis | produces the two genetically identical cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as in the parent | ||||||||||
moon-fact
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SN1006
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SN1054
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).venus
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).jupiter
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).mars
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-Sirius
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-Canopus
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-Arcturus
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-Vega
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-M31
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).horizons-Ganymede
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).uranus
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-mag6.5
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).neptune
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).horizons-Titan
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).arval
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).jpl-sat
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).AstDys-Hygiea
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).pluto
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).AstDys-Chiron
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).AstDys-Makemake
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).AstDys-Haumea
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).sheppard-saturn
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).Fourth Pillar You left this message on my "talk" page: "Your recent test edits to Clarence Darrow were not constructive. It was vandalism and was reverted. Entry of false information is not helpful. ... Further vandalism will get you blocked from editing without further notice."
The edit in question changed "A" to "On September 9, 2915, a". The actual year was 1925, but my fingers got it wrong and I mistyped it. As anyone can see the year I typed contains the correct digits but in the wrong order. Clearly this is a typo. Vandalism would have contained some other digits, e.g. 3746.
The fundamental principles by which Wikipedia operates can be summarized in five "pillars": the Fourth Pillar says in part "...assume good faith on the part of others." Your post to me violates this. Instead of assuming good faith, you leap directly to assuming bad faith on my part, and calling my clear typo "vandalism". Then you threaten me with being "blocked from editing without further notice."
I have been editing Wikipedia for over seven years, on a daily basis. I have made over 3,000 distinct edits. Not one of which has ever before been called vandalism by anyone. You need to put heavy effort into rethinking your quick attacks on fellow Wikipedians, and try hard to grasp what the Fourth Pillar means when it says, "...assume good faith on the part of others." Nick Beeson ( talk) 14:36, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
By February 14, 2014, there had been twelve "substantive" Federal District Court decisions bearing on the constitutionality of various state constitutional, and statutory, bans on gay marriage. In every case the court struck down the ban as unconstitutional. [1] Decisions were rendered in Illinois, New Jersey, Ohio, Virginia, Kentucky, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and West Virginia. In addition to marriage there have been six decisions which have addressed other aspects of government sponsored discrimination due to sexual orientation, for example, selection to serve on juries, or receive employment benefits. In all six cases the courst struck down the discriminatory acts. [1]
An ‘’’egg’’’ is the organic vessel containing the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum, in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches. Most arthropods, vertebrates, and mollusks lay eggs while a few retain the fertilized egg inside the female, e.g. scorpions and most mammals, and give birth to live young.
The 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) ostrich egg is the largest egg currently known, though the extinct Aepyornis and some dinosaurs had larger eggs. The Bee Hummingbird produces the smallest known bird egg, which weighs half of a gram. The eggs laid by some reptiles and most fish can be even smaller, and those of insects and other invertebrates can be much smaller still.
Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs, with little or no other development within the mother.
The term "egg" is used differently outside the animal kingdom. Reproductive structures similar to the egg in other kingdoms are termed “ spores,’ or in spermatophytes “ seeds,” or in gametophytes “egg cell”.
The rest of this article is devoted to the discussion of amniote animal eggs.
Reptile eggs, bird eggs, and monotreme eggs, are laid out of water, and are surrounded by a protective shell, either flexible or inflexible. Eggs laid on land or in nests are usually kept within a favourable temperature range (warm) while the embryo grows. When the embryo is adequately developed it hatches, i.e. breaks out of the egg's shell. Baby animals which have just hatched are hatchlings, though standard names for babies of particular species continue to apply, such as chick for a baby chicken. Some embryos have a temporary egg tooth with which to crack, pip, or break the eggshell or covering.
The study or collecting of eggs, particularly bird eggs, is called oology.
Donatism ( Latin: Donatismus, Greek: Δονατισμός Donatismos) was a Christian sect within the Roman province of Africa that flourished in the fourth and fifth centuries [2] among Berber Christians. The Donatists (named for the Berber Christian bishop Donatus Magnus) were members of a schismatic church not in communion with the churches of the rest of Early Christianity in Late Antiquity. Donatism arose out of the persecutions of Christians under Diocletian (303–5 AD). The governor of Africa had been lenient towards the large Christian minority under his rule during the Diocletian persecutions. He was satisfied when Christians handed over their Scriptures as a token repudiation of their faith. When the persecutions came to an end, however, these Christians were branded traditores, "those who handed (the holy things) over" by the Donatists, mostly from the poorer classes. [3] The Donatists refused to accept the legitimacy of the traditores, declaring that their actions were unforgivable, and sacraments, such as baptism, administered by them were invalid.
AFC-Logo Hold.svg Draft article not currently submitted for review. This is a draft Articles for creation (AfC) submission. It is not currently pending review. There are no deadlines as long as you are actively improving the submission. Drafts not being improved may be deleted after six months. Note: The submission-received box will appear at the bottom of the page at first. If it's there, your draft has been submitted correctly. To edit the draft click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. Do not copy-paste material from sources, or your submission will be rejected for copyright violations. Write from a neutral point of view and base your article on reliable sources that are independent of the subject. It is strongly discouraged to write about yourself or your own business. If you do so, you must declare it. Where to get help How to improve a draft Improving your odds of a speedy review Editor resources Last edited by Keith D (talk | contribs) 5 months ago. (Update){{AFC submission|t||ts=20201003124658|u=Nwbeeson|ns=118|demo=}} ===============Above was Boxed at top of article======== <!-- Note: The following pages were redirects to [[List_of_cable-stayed_bridges_in_the_United_States]] before draftification: *[[List of Cable-stayed bridges in the United States]] --> {{lead missing|date=October 2020}}
This List of cable-stayed bridges in the United States is organized by name and includes notable cable-stayed bridges (both existing and destroyed) in the United States of America. This list is incomplete you can help by adding to it.
A
B
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D
E
F
G
H
I
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the Quincy Bayview Bridge located in Illinois, USA as shown in Fig. 2.1 is chosen as a typical cable-stayed bridge
Category:Bridges in the United States by type
USA
Cable-stayed
air contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen [1] [2]
(2016–2017, 100.004667%), which cites Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Both are used as references in this article. Both exceed 100% because their CO2 values were increased to 345 ppmv, without changing their other constituents to compensate. This is made worse by the April 2019 CO2 value, which is 413.32 ppmv.
[3] Although minor, the January 2019 value for CH4 is 1866.1 ppbv (parts per billion).
[4] Two older reliable sources have dry atmospheric compositions, including trace molecules, that total less than 100%: U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976
[5] (99.9997147%); and Astrophysical Quantities
[6]
Color | Wavelength interval |
Cycle time interval | |
---|---|---|---|
Red | ~ 700–635 nm | ~ 2.3–2.1 fs | |
Orange | ~ 635–590 nm | ~ 2.1-2.0 fs | |
Yellow | ~ 590–560 nm | ~ 2.0-1.9 fs | |
Green | ~ 560–520 nm | ~ 1.9-1.7 fs | |
Cyan | ~ 520–490 nm | ~ 1.7-1.6 fs | |
Blue | ~ 490–450 nm | ~ 1.6-1.5 fs | |
Violet | ~ 450–400 nm | ~ 1.5-1.3 fs |
$5 in 1974 is worth $62 today
$10 billion in 1994 is worth $21 today
$13.9 billion in 2016.
An inflation adjusted drop of 13%.
$250,000 in 1836 is worth $6,936,364 today
$250,000 in 1836 is equivalent to $6,936,364 in 2023
$146,000,000 in 1964 is worth $1,434,309,013 today
$146,000,000 in 1964 is equivalent to $1,434,309,013 in 2023
$32,295.84 in 1964 is worth $317,275 today
$32,295.84 in 1964 equivalent to $317,275 in 2023
(worth $equivalent to $1,915 in 2,023 today)
J. L. Hudson's Downtown peaked at $156,000,000 in 1953(worth $1,776,537,313 today)
$100,000 in 1964 is worth $982,403 today
In 1832 it took ₤10 (worth ₤1,174 today) to vote.
In 1976 a 10 cent bottle deposit was worth 54 cents.
Isaac Azimov's son received $3,000 a month (worth $5,608 today)from his estate in 1998.
Stan Laural earned $75/week in 1917 (worth $1,784 today)
I earned $85,000 in 1995 (worth $169,963 today)
I earned $85,000 in 2004 (worth $137,114 today)
I earned $4,25 an hour in 1974 (worth $26 today)
I earned $8,000 an hour in 1974 (worth $49,425 today)
by Erle Stanley Gardner,
The Case of the Lonely Heiress
$350,000 inheiretence (worth $4,438,504 today)
Champagne for One
$2,000/month (worth $22,947 today)
$55,000/annually (worth $631,053 today)
half of that is $27,500/annually (worth $315,526 today)
$2,000,000 in fund (worth $22,947,368 today)
Trouble in Triplicate Before I Die
$100 (worth $1,562 today)
$1000 (worth $15,625 today)
$10,000 (worth $156,246 today)
$50,000 (worth $781,229 today)
$1,000,000 (worth $15,624,573 today)
Some Buried Ceasar
Archie Goodwin paid $66.57 for major car repair in 1938 (worth $1,441 today)
Archie Goodwin found $2,000 in the blackguard's wallet in 1938 (worth $43,291 today)
Clyde made a $10,000 bet in 1938 (worth $216,454 today)
Death of a Dude
Archie Goodwin earned $428.57 per week in 1969 (worth $3,561 today)
Archie Goodwin earned $22,285 per year in 1969 (worth $185,156 today)
1962 $20,000 (worth $201,452 today)
1962 $40,000 (worth $402,904 today)
1962 $5 (worth $50 today)
1962 $6.50 (worth $65 today)
1962 $5 (worth $50 today)
1962 $7.50 (worth $76 today)
1962 $7 (worth $71 today)
1962 $8 (worth $81 today)
1962 $10 (worth $101 today)
1962 $20 (worth $201 today)
1962 $260 (worth $2,619 today)
The UAW autoworker earned $130 per week in 1969 (worth $1,080 today)
that was $21,428 per year (worth $178,035 today)
UAW earned $3.25 per hour in 1969 (worth $27 today)
that was $6,760 per year (worth $56,166 today)
1926 $2,000 per year (worth $34,421 today)
Coit donated a tower to San Fransisco in the year 1929. She had an $118,000 fortune (worth $2,093,814 today) of which she gave $40,000 (worth $709,767 today) for the tower.
Earned $85,000 in 1895c (worth $3,113,040 today)
Made a million pounds in 1978 (worth £7,246,409 today)
Was a millionaire in 1938, having $1,500,000 (worth $32,468,085 today)
$32,468 million = $26,300 million
$125,269
$123,436
(equivalent to $659,687 today) $100 in 1955 (equivalent to $1,137 today)
A bachelor, Marshall left virtually all of his $1.5 million estate (equivalent to $32,468 million today) to three causes dear to him: socialism, civil liberties and wilderness preservation. [8] Three trusts were established in his will.
Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations
Temperatures vary widely in the literature and should only be used as estimates. Factors that may cause variation include partial pressure of oxygen, altitude, humidity, and amount of time required for ignition. Generally the autoignition temperature for hydrocarbon/air mixtures decreases with increasing molecular mass and increasing chain length. The autoignition temperature is also higher for branched-chain hydrocarbons than for straight-chain hydrocarbons. [9]
Substance | Autoignition [D] | Note |
---|---|---|
Barium | 550 °C (1,022 °F) | 550±90 [10] [C] |
Bismuth | 735 °C (1,355 °F) | 735±20 [10] [C] |
Butane | 405 °C (761 °F) | [11] |
Calcium | 790 °C (1,450 °F) | 790±10 [10] [C] |
Carbon disulfide | 90 °C (194 °F) | [12] |
Diesel or Jet A-1 | 210 °C (410 °F) | [13] |
Diethyl ether | 160 °C (320 °F) | [14] |
Ethanol | 365 °C (689 °F) | [12] |
Gasoline (Petrol) | 247–280 °C (477–536 °F) | [12] |
Hydrogen | 536 °C (997 °F) | [15] |
Iron | 1,315 °C (2,399 °F) | 1315±20 [10] [C] |
Lead | 850 °C (1,560 °F) | 850±5 [10] [C] |
Leather / parchment | 200–212 °C (392–414 °F) | [13] [16] |
Magnesium | 635 °C (1,175 °F) | 635±5 [10] [B] [C] |
Magnesium | 473 °C (883 °F) | [12] [B] |
Molybdenum | 780 °C (1,440 °F) | 780±5 [10] [C] |
Paper | 218–246 °C (424–475 °F) | [13] [17] |
Phosphorus,white | 34 °C (93 °F) | [12] [A] [B] |
Silane | 21 °C (70 °F) | [12] or below |
Strontium | 1,075 °C (1,967 °F) | 1075±120 [10] [C] |
Tin | 940 °C (1,720 °F) | 940±25 [10] [C] |
Triethylborane | −20 °C (−4 °F) | [12] |
A On contact with an organic substance, melts otherwise. |
B There are two distinct results in the published literature. Both are separately listed in this table. |
C At 1 atm. The ignition temperature depends on the air pressure. |
D Under standard conditions for pressure. |
Date | Nasdaq | % Chng.§ | S&P 500 | % Chng.§ | Dow Jones | % Chng.§ | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 3, 2007 | 2,423.16 | — | 1,416.60 | — | 12,474.52 | — | |
October 9, 2007 | 2,803.91 | +15.71% | 1,565.15 | +10.49% | 14,164.53 | +13.55% | The day the DJIA and S&P 500 peaked. |
October 10, 2007 | 2,811.61 | +0.27% | 1,562.47 | −0.17% | 14,078.69 | −0.61% | The day the NASDAQ peaked. |
January 2, 2008 | 2,609.63 | −7.18% | 1,447.16 | −7.38% | 13,043.96 | −7.35% | |
June 27, 2008 | 2,315,63 | −11.27% | 1,278.38 | −11.66% | 11,346.51 | −13.01% | The day the bear market declared. |
November 4, 2008 | 1,780.12 | −23.13% | 1,005.75 | −21.33% | 9,625.28 | −15.17% | Election day |
January 2, 2009 | 1,632.21 | −8.31% | 899.35 | −10.58% | 9,034.69 | −6.14% | |
January 20, 2009 | 1,440.86 | −11.72% | 804.47 | −10.55% | 7,949.09 | −12.02% | Inauguration of Barack Obama |
March 9, 2009 | 1,268.64 | −11.95% | 676.53 | −15.90% | 6,507.04 | −18.14% | The day the DJIA, S&P 500 and NASDAQ bottomed. |
October 9/10, 2007 to March 9, 2009 | −1,542.97 | −54.9% | −888.62 | −56.8% | −7,657.49 | −54.1% | Cumulative change (from peak to bottom) |
At the beginning of the 21st century, in 2016, a Michelson interferometer made the first detection of gravitational waves. [23] [24] The observation confirms the last remaining unproven prediction of general relativity and validates its predictions of space-time distortion in the context of large scale cosmic events (known as strong field tests). [25] “The consequences of this detection are difficult to overstate…”. [26]
This is a test of how to add a note [note 1] to add a clarification to the text. [note 2]
Scott Joseph Kelly (born February 21, 1964) is an American astronaut, engineer and a retired U.S. Navy Captain. A veteran of four space flights, Kelly commanded the International Space Station (ISS) on Expeditions 26, 44, and 45.
Kelly's first spaceflight was as pilot of Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-103 in December 1999. This was the third servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and lasted for just under eight days.
Kelly's second spaceflight was as mission commander of STS-118, a 12-day Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station in August 2007.
Kelly's third spacflight was as commander of Expedition 26 on the ISS. He arrived 9 October 2010, on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, [27] during Expedition 25, and served as a flight engineer until it ended. [28] He took over command of the station on 25 November 2010, at the start of Expedition 26 which began officially when the spacecraft Soyuz TMA-19 undocked, carrying the previous commander of the station, Douglas H. Wheelock. [29] Expedition 26 ended on 16 March 2011 with the departure of Soyuz TMA-01M. This was Kelly's first long-duration spaceflight.
In November 2012, Kelly was selected, along with Mikhail Korniyenko, for a special year-long mission to the International Space Station. [30] [31] [32] Their year is space commenced 27 March 2015 with the start of Expedition 43, continued through the entirety of Expeditions 44, and 45, both of which Kelly commanded. He passed command to Timothy Kopra [33] on 29 February 2016, when the ISS year long mission ended. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-18M on 1 March 2016.
In October 2015, he set the record for the total accumulated number of days spent in space by an American astronaut, 382. For the ISS year long mission, Kelly spent 340 consecutive days in space. [34]
Kelly's identical twin brother, Mark Kelly, is a former astronaut. The Kelly brothers are the only siblings to have traveled in space. [30] [35]
Fiscal Year |
B-52 model | Annual Total |
Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A [36] |
B [37] |
C [38] |
D [39] |
E [40] |
F [41] |
G [42] |
H [43] | |||
1954 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
1955 | 13 | 13 | 16 | |||||||
1956 | 35 | 5 | 1 | 41 | 57 | |||||
1957 | 2 | 30 | 92 | 124 | 181 | |||||
1958 | 77 | 100 | 10 | 187 | 368 | |||||
1959 | 79 | 50 | 129 | 497 | ||||||
1960 | 106 | 106 | 603 | |||||||
1961 | 37 | 20 | 57 | 660 | ||||||
1962 | 68 | 68 | 728 | |||||||
1963 | 14 | 14 | 742 | |||||||
Total | 3 | 50 | 35 | 170 | 100 | 89 | 193 | 102 | 742 | 742 |
Date | State | State Delegation (only voting delegates) | Allocation | Election ( CD) | Election ( AL) | Threshold | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RNC | AL | CD | Total | U | B | Contest | AL | CD | Date | Type | Date | Type | |||
Mar 5 | Kansas | 3 [a] | 25 | 12 | 40 | 0 | 40 | Caucus (closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Apr 23 | Convention | May 21 | Committee | N/A |
Kentucky | 3 | 25 | 18 | 46 | 3 | 43 | Caucus (closed) | Proportional | Proportional [b] | May 17 | Convention | May 18 | Convention | 5% | |
Louisiana | 3 | 25 | 18 | 46 | 3 | 43 | Primary (closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Mar 12 | Convention | Mar 12 | Convention | 20% | |
Maine | 3 | 14 | 6 | 23 | 0 | 23 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-most | Winner-take-most [b] | Apr 22 | Convention | Apr 22 | Convention | 10% | |
Mar 6 | Puerto Rico | 3 | 20 | 0 | 23 | 3 | 20 | Primary (open) | Winner-take-most | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 6 | Direct Elec. | 20% |
Mar 8 | Hawaii | 3 | 10 | 6 | 19 | 3 | 16 | Caucus (closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Mar 8 | Slate | Mar 8 | Slate | N/A |
Idaho | 3 | 29 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 32 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-most | N/A | N/A | N/A | Jun 4 | Convention | 20% | |
Michigan | 3 | 14 | 42 | 59 | 0 | 59 | Primary (open) | Proportional | Proportional | Apr 8 | Convention | Apr 9 | Convention | 15% | |
Mississippi | 3 | 25 | 12 | 40 | 3 | 37 | Primary (open) | Proportional | Winner-take-most | May 14 | Convention | May 14 | Convention | 15% | |
Mar 12 | Washington D.C. | 3 | 16 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 19 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-most | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 12 | Convention | 15% |
Guam | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | Caucus (closed) | (No allocation) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 12 | Convention | N/A | |
Mar 15 | Florida | 0 | 18 | 81 | 99 | 0 | 99 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all [b] | Jun 3 | Convention | Jun 3 | Committee | N/A |
Illinois | 3 [a] | 12 | 54 | 69 | 69 | Primary (open) | Winner-take-all | Direct Elec. [c] | N/A | N/A | May 22 | Convention | N/A | ||
Missouri | 3 | 25 | 24 | 52 | 0 | 52 | Caucus (semi-closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all [d] | Apr 30 | Convention | Jun 2 | Convention | N/A | |
North. Mariana Is. | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Direct Elect. | Mar 15 | N/A | |
North Carolina | 3 | 52 | 0 | 55 | 3 | 52 | Primary (semi-closed) | Proportional | Proportional [b] | Apr 31 | Convention | May 8 | Convention | N/A | |
Ohio | 3 | 66 | 0 | 66 | 0 | 66 | Primary (semi-closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 15 | Slate | N/A | |
Mar 19 | U.S Virgin Islands | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 19 | Convention | N/A |
Mar 22 | American Samoa | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | Caucus (open) | (No allocation) | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 22 | Convention | N/A |
Arizona | 3 | 28 | 27 | 58 | 0 | 58 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all [b] | Apr 30 | Convention | Apr 30 | Convention | N/A | |
Utah | 3 | 37 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 40 | Primary (semi-closed) | Winner-take-most | N/A | N/A | N/A | Apr 23 | Convention | 15% [e] | |
Apr 5 | Wisconsin | 3 | 15 | 24 | 42 | 0 | 42 | Primary (open) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all | Apr 17 | Slate | May 14 | Slate | N/A |
Apr 19 | New York | 3 | 11 | 81 | 95 | 0 | 95 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-most | Winner-take-most | Apr 19 | Slate | May 26 | Committee | 20% |
Apr 26 | Connecticut | 3 | 10 | 15 | 28 | 3 | 25 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-most | Winner-take-all | May 20 | Slate | May 20 | Slate | 20% |
Delaware | 3 | 13 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 16 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Apr 26 | Convention | N/A | |
Maryland | 3 | 11 | 24 | 38 | 0 | 38 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all | Apr 19 | Direct Elec. | May 14 | Convention | N/A | |
Pennsylvania | 3 | 14 | 54 | 71 | 54 | 17 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | (No allocation) | Apr 19 | Direct Elec. | May 21 | Committee | N/A | |
Rhode Island | 3 | 10 | 6 | 19 | 0 | 19 | Primary (semi-closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Apr 26 | Direct Elec. | Apr 26 | Direct Elec. | 10% | |
May 3 | Indiana | 3 | 27 | 27 | 46 | 0 | 57 | Primary (open) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all | May 3 | Slate | May 3 | Slate | N/A |
May 10 | Nebraska | 3 | 24 | 9 | 36 | 3 | 32 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all [b] | May 14 | Convention | May 14 | Convention | N/A |
West Virginia | 3 | 22 | 9 | 34 | 0 | 34 | Primary (semi-closed) | Direct Elec. [c] | Direct Elec. [c] | May 10 | Direct Elec. | May 10 | Direct Elec. | N/A | |
May 17 | Oregon | 3 | 10 | 15 | 28 | 3 | 25 | Primary (closed) | Proportional | Proportional | Jun 4 | Convention | Jun 4 | Convention | 3.57% |
May 24 | Washington | 3 | 11 | 30 | 44 | 0 | 44 | Primary (closed) | Proportional | Winner-take-most | May 24 | Slate | May 24 | Slate | 20% |
June 7 | California | 3 | 10 | 159 | 172 | 0 | 172 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | Winner-take-all | Jun 7 | Slate | Jun 7 | Slate | N/A |
Montana | 3 | 24 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 27 | Caucus (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Jun 16 | Slate | N/A | |
New Jersey | 3 | 48 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 51 | Primary (semi-closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Jun 5 | Slate | N/A | |
New Mexico | 3 | 12 | 9 | 24 | 0 | 24 | Primary (closed) | Proportional | Proportional [b] | May 21 | Convention | May 21 | Convention | 15% | |
South Dakota | 3 | 26 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 29 | Primary (closed) | Winner-take-all | N/A | N/A | N/A | Mar 19 | Convention | N/A |
Notes
district
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).choice
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).In late April 2014, in an effort to save about $5 million over less than two years, [44] [45] [46] Flint EM Darnell Earley switched Flint from purchasing treated Lake Huron water from Detroit, as it had done for 50 years, to treating water from the Flint River. The plan was to attach to the Karegnondi system, which was under construction, and would be completed almost three years later. The Flint river had been the designated backup water source for years. [47] [48] [49]
By December 2014, the city had invested $4 million into its water plant. [50]
Editing List of missions to Mars (section) Content that violates any copyrights will be deleted. Encyclopedic content must be verifiable. Work submitted to Wikipedia can be edited, used, and redistributed—by anyone—subject to certain terms and conditions.
BoldItalicLinkEmbedded fileReferenceAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpCite TemplatesNamed referencesNamed referencesError checkCheck for errors
Spacecraft | Launch date [51] | Operator | Mission [51] | Outcome [51] | Remarks | Carrier rocket [52] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1M No.1 | 10 October 1960 |
OKB-1 Soviet Union |
Flyby | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Molniya |
1M No.2 | 14 October 1960 |
OKB-1 Soviet Union |
Flyby | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Molniya |
2MV-4 No.1 | 24 October 1962 | Soviet Union | Flyby | Launch failure | Disintegrated in LEO | Molniya |
Mars 1 (2MV-4 No.2) |
1 November 1962 | Soviet Union | Flyby | Spacecraft failure | Communications lost before flyby | Molniya |
2MV-3 No.1 | 4 November 1962 | Soviet Union | Lander | Launch failure | Never left LEO | Molniya |
Mariner 3 | 5 November 1964 |
NASA United States |
Flyby | Launch failure | Payload fairing failed to separate | Atlas LV-3 Agena-D |
Mariner 4 | 28 November 1964 |
NASA United States |
Flyby | Successful | Closest approach at 01:00:57 UTC on 15 July 1965 | Atlas LV-3 Agena-D |
Zond 2 (3MV-4A No.2) |
30 November 1964 | Soviet Union | Flyby | Spacecraft failure | Communications lost before flyby | Molniya |
Mariner 6 | 25 February 1969 |
NASA United States |
Flyby | Successful | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D | |
2M No.521 | 27 March 1969 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Proton-K/ D |
Mariner 7 | 27 March 1969 |
NASA United States |
Flyby | Successful | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D | |
2M No.522 | 2 April 1969 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Proton-K/ D |
Mariner 8 | 9 May 1971 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Launch failure | Failed to orbit | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D |
Kosmos 419 (3MS No.170) |
10 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Launch failure | Never left LEO; upper stage burn timer set incorrectly | Proton-K/ D |
Mariner 9 | 30 May 1971 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Successful [53] | Entered orbit on 14 November 1971, deactivated 516 days after entering orbit | Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D |
Mars 2 (4M No.171) |
19 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Mostly successful | Entered orbit 27 November 1971, operated for 362 orbits. Mapping operations unsuccessful due to dust storms on the surface [54] | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 2 lander (SA 4M No.171) |
19 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Lander | Spacecraft failure | Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971 | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 3 (4M No.172) |
28 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Mostly successful | Entered orbit 2 December 1971, operated for 20 orbits. [55] Mapping operations unsuccessful due to dust storms on the surface [56] | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 3 lander (SA 4M No.172) |
28 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Lander | Partial failure | Deployed from Mars 3; landed at 13:52 UTC on 2 December 1971 but contact lost 14.5 seconds later | Proton-K/ D |
Prop-M Rover rover (SA 4M No.172) |
28 May 1971 | Soviet Union | Rover | Spacecraft failure | Failed to deploy | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 4 (3MS No.52S) |
21 July 1973 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Failed to perform orbital insertion burn | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 5 (3MS No.53S) |
25 July 1973 | Soviet Union | Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Failed after nine days in Mars orbit | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 6 (3MP No.50P) |
5 August 1973 | Soviet Union | Lander Flyby |
Spacecraft failure | Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unreadable. Flyby bus collected data. [57] | Proton-K/ D |
Mars 7 (3MP No.51P) |
9 August 1973 | Soviet Union | Lander Flyby |
Spacecraft failure | Separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere | Proton-K/ D |
Viking 1 orbiter | 20 August 1975 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Successful | Operated for 1385 orbits | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T |
Viking 1 lander | 20 August 1975 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Successful | Deployed from Viking 1 orbiter, operated for 2245 sols | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T |
Viking 2 orbiter | 9 September 1975 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Successful | Operated for 700 orbits | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T |
Viking 2 lander | 9 September 1975 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Successful | Deployed from Viking 2 orbiter, operated for 1281 sols | Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T |
Fobos 1 (1F No.101) |
7 July 1988 | Soviet Union | Orbiter Phobos lander |
Spacecraft failure | Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit | Proton-K/ D-2 |
Fobos 2 (1F No.102) |
7 July 1988 | Soviet Union | Orbiter Phobos lander |
Partial failure | Orbital observations successful, communications lost before landing | Proton-K/ D-2 |
Mars Observer | 25 September 1992 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Lost communications before orbital insertion | Commercial Titan III |
Mars Global Surveyor | 7 November 1996 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Successful | Operated for seven years | Delta II 7925 |
Mars 96 (M1 No.520) |
16 November 1996 |
Rosaviakosmos Russia |
Orbiter Penetrators |
Launch failure | Never left LEO | Proton-K/ D-2 |
Mars Pathfinder | 4 December 1996 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Successful | Landed at 19.13°N 33.22°W on 4 July 1997 [58] | Delta II 7925 |
Sojourner | 4 December 1996 |
NASA United States |
Rover | Successful | Operated for 84 days [59] | Delta II 7925 |
Nozomi (PLANET-B) |
3 July 1998 |
ISAS Japan |
Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Ran out of fuel before reaching Mars | M-V |
Mars Climate Orbiter | 11 December 1998 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Spacecraft failure | Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to unit conversion error and burned up in the atmosphere | Delta II 7425 |
Mars Polar Lander | 3 January 1999 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Spacecraft failure | Failed to land | Delta II 7425 |
Deep Space 2 | 3 January 1999 |
NASA United States |
Penetrators | Spacecraft failure | Deployed from MPL, no data returned | Delta II 7425 |
Mars Odyssey | 7 April 2001 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Operational | Delta II 7925 | |
Mars Express | 2 June 2003 |
ESA Europe |
Orbiter | Operational | Soyuz-FG/ Fregat | |
Beagle 2 | 2 June 2003 |
ESA Europe |
Lander | Lander failure | Deployed from Mars Express. Successful landing, but two solar panels failed to deploy, obstructing its communications. | Soyuz-FG/ Fregat |
Spirit (MER-A) |
10 June 2003 |
NASA United States |
Rover | Successful | operated for 2208 sols | Delta II 7925 |
Opportunity (MER-B) |
8 July 2003 |
NASA United States |
Rover | Operational | Delta II 7925H | |
Rosetta | 2 March 2004 |
ESA Europe |
Gravity assist | Successful | Flyby in February 2007 en route to 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko [60] | Ariane 5G+ |
MRO | 12 August 2005 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Operational | Atlas V 401 | |
Phoenix | 4 August 2007 |
NASA United States |
Lander | Successful | Delta II 7925 | |
Dawn | 27 September 2007 |
NASA United States |
Gravity assist | Successful | Flyby in February 2009 en route to 4 Vesta and Ceres | Delta II 7925H |
Fobos-Grunt | 8 November 2011 |
Roskosmos Russia |
Orbiter Phobos sample |
Spacecraft failure | Never left LEO (intended to depart under own power) | Zenit-2M |
Yinghuo-1 | 8 November 2011 |
CNSA PR China |
Orbiter | Failure Lost with Fobos-Grunt |
To have been deployed by Fobos-Grunt | Zenit-2M |
Curiosity (Mars Science Laboratory) |
26 November 2011 |
NASA United States |
Rover | Operational | Atlas V 541 | |
Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) |
5 November 2013 |
ISRO India |
Orbiter | Operational | Entered Mars orbit on 24 September 2014. Mission extended by six months. [61] [62] | PSLV-XL |
MAVEN | 18 November 2013 |
NASA United States |
Orbiter | Operational | Orbit insertion on September 22, 2014 [63] | Atlas V 401 |
– — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Cite your sources: Cite error: There are <ref>
tags on this page without content in them (see the
help page).
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The Western Hemisphere is a
geopolitical term term for "the hemisphere of the world containing the Americas."
[65]
[66]
[67] The Western Hemisphere is the half of the world that includes
North America and
South America
[68]
[69]
[70]
[71] The Western Hemisphere consists of the
Americas, adjacent islands, and surrounding waters.
Longitude 160° E to longitude 20° W are considered the boundaries of the Western Hemisphere.Cite error: A <ref>
tag is missing the closing </ref>
(see the
help page). In 1569, Mercator published his first
world map using the
Mercator Projection. It too places the prime meridian through the Azores. Mercator's atlas was published in full, by his son
Rumold in 1595. This atlas was in print continously, until at least 1641, and consistantly placed the prime meridian in the Azores.
[72]
/info/en/?search=File:JodocusHondius-ChristianKnightMap-1597.jpg
Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, maps and atlases placed the prime meridian through the Azores. [73]
Below is a list of the countries which are in the Western Hemisphere, in order from north to south:
In the fields of navigation, geography, and cartography the Western Hemisphere is the half of the world that lies west of the prime meridian (0° longitude) and east of 180° longitude. [75] Until October 1884, when the prime meridian was standardized [76] there were dozens of prime meridians used by navigators and cartographers.
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The part of the Earth comprising North and South America and surrounding waters; longitudes 20°W and 160°E are often considered its boundaries.
Western Hemisphere, Part of Earth comprising North and South America and the surrounding waters. Longitudes 20° W and 160° E are often considered its boundaries.
This dictionary was written with the British speaker of English in mind.
Western Hemisphere, the half of the world that includes North and South America.
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Western Hemisphere The half of the earth comprising North America, Central America, and South America
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The Half of the earth that contains the Americas
Western Hemisphere that half of the earth which includes North & South America
For the purpose of this strategy and associated implementation plans, the Western Hemisphere is defined as the geographic region spanning the area between the International Date Line and the Prime Meridian. It does not include the Polar Regions in either the Northern or Southern Hemispheres, and maintains a decided focus on our strategic priorities in the Americas.
Media related to
Western Hemisphere at Wikimedia Commons
0°N 90°W / 0°N 90°W
Category:Hemispheres of the Earth
Lake Erie | Lake Huron | Lake Michigan | Lake Ontario | Lake Superior | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface area [1] | 9,910 sq mi (25,700 km2) | 23,000 sq mi (60,000 km2) | 22,300 sq mi (58,000 km2) | 7,340 sq mi (19,000 km2) | 31,700 sq mi (82,000 km2) |
Water volume [1] | 116 cu mi (480 km3) | 850 cu mi (3,500 km3) | 1,180 cu mi (4,900 km3) | 393 cu mi (1,640 km3) | 2,900 cu mi (12,000 km3) |
Elevation [2] | 571 ft (174 m) | 577 ft (176 m) | 577 ft (176 m) | 246 ft (75 m) | 600.0 ft (182.9 m) |
Average depth [3] | 62 ft (19 m) | 195 ft (59 m) | 279 ft (85 m) | 283 ft (86 m) | 483 ft (147 m) |
Maximum depth [4] | 210 ft (64 m) | 748 ft (228 m) | 925 ft (282 m) | 804 ft (245 m) | 1,335 ft (407 m) |
Major settlements [5] |
Buffalo, NY Erie, PA Cleveland, OH Lorain, OH Toledo, OH Detroit, MI |
Alpena, MI Bay City, MI Owen Sound, ON Port Huron, MI Sarnia, ON |
Chicago, IL Gary, IN Green Bay, WI Sheboygan, WI Milwaukee, WI Kenosha, WI Racine, WI Muskegon, MI Traverse City, MI |
Hamilton, ON Kingston, ON Mississauga, ON Oshawa, ON Rochester, NY Toronto, ON |
Duluth, MN Marquette, MI Sault Ste. Marie, MI Sault Ste. Marie, ON Superior, WI Thunder Bay, ON |
User:Nwbeeson/GamersGateControversy
The formation of the peptide bond consumes energy, which, in living systems, is derived from ATP. [6] Polypeptides and proteins are chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. Living organisms employ enzymes to produce polypeptides, and ribosomes to produce proteins. Peptides are synthesized by specific enzymes. For example, the tripeptide glutathione is synthesized in two steps from free amino acids, by two enzymes: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase. [7] [8]
Remote footnotes can contain other remote footnotes, or include ref-tag footnotes. Also, any ref-tag footnote ("<ref>...</ref>") can contain a remote-footnote link, circumventing the 10-year problem where a ref-tag footnote cannot contain another ref-tag footnote.
An example (of footnotes within footnotes) would be:
Nested footnotes can be used to address several common issues that would tend to clutter the top-text of an article:
There is no limit to the nesting of remote footnotes within other footnotes.
Top down view is a programming style in video games.
German | |
---|---|
Deutsch, deutsche Sprache] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup ( help) | |
Pronunciation | [ˈdɔʏtʃ] |
Native to | Primarily in German-speaking Europe, as a minority language, and amongst the German diaspora worldwide |
Native speakers | Standard German: 90 million (2010)
[9] all varieties of German: 120 million (1990–2005) [10][ failed verification][ improper synthesis?] L2 speakers: 80 million [11][ verification needed] (55 million (2005) in EU claimed by Eurobarometer [12]) |
Early forms | |
Latin (
German alphabet) German Braille | |
Signed German, LBG (Lautsprachbegleitende/Lautbegleitende Gebärden) | |
Official status | |
Official language in | ![]()
![]() |
Recognised minority language in | ![]() ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Regulated by | No official regulation (German orthography regulated by the Council for German Orthography [28]). |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 |
de |
ISO 639-2 |
ger (B)
deu (T) |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:
deu –
Standard German
gmh –
Middle High German
goh –
Old High German
gct –
Alemán Coloniero
bar –
Austro-Bavarian
cim –
Cimbrian
geh –
Hutterite German
ksh –
Kölsch
nds –
Low German
sli –
Lower Silesian
ltz –
Luxembourgish
vmf –
Main-Franconian
mhn –
Mócheno
pfl –
Palatinate German
pdc –
Pennsylvania German
pdt –
Plautdietsch
swg –
Swabian German
gsw –
Swiss German
uln –
Unserdeutsch
sxu –
Upper Saxon
wae –
Walser German
wep –
Westphalian |
Glottolog |
high1287 partial match |
Linguasphere |
|
![]() | |
Photoreceptor_protein#Photoreceptors_in_animals
Sears opened a store on property just to the south of Frandor the year before [29] Frandor opened. Although not a part of Frandor, shoppers would not be aware of that, so this Sears has acted as an anchor store for Frandor throughout its existance.
The video camera tube was a type of cathode ray tube used to capture the television image prior to the introduction of charge-coupled devices in the mid to late 1980s. Several types were in use from the 1930s to the 1980s.
In these tubes, the cathode ray was scanned across a target which was illuminated by the scene to be broadcast. The resultant current was dependent on the brightness of the image on the target. The In older video cameras, before the mid to late 1980s, a video camera tube or pickup tube was used instead of a charge-coupled device (CCD) for converting an optical image into an electrical signal. Several types were in use from the 1930s to the 1980s. The most commercially successful of these tubes were various types of cathode ray tubes or "CRTs".
Any vacuum tube which operates using a focused beam of electrons (" cathode rays") is known as a cathode ray tube. However, in the popular lexicon "CRT" usually refers to the "picture tube" in a television or computer monitor. The proper term for this type of display tube is kinescope, only one of many types of cathode ray tubes. Others include the tubes used in oscilloscopes, radar displays, and the camera pickup tubes described in this article. [30] (The word "kinescope" has also become the popular name for a film recording made by focusing a motion picture camera onto the face of a kinescope cathode ray tube, a common practice before the advent of video tape recording. [31])
Video camera tubes typically had a certain maximum brightness tolerance. If that limit were exceeded, such as by pointing the camera at the sun, sun-reflecting shiny surfaces, like chrome car bumpers, or extremely bright point light sources, the tube detecting surface would instantly "burn out" and be rendered insensitive on part or all of the screen. A slight burn might fade away over a matter of weeks, but for a severe burn the only remedy was replacing the video tube. [32]
Talk:Service_star#Obsolete Most known animal phyla appeared in the fossil record as marine species during the Cambrian explosion, about 542 million years ago. Animals are divided into various sub-groups, some of which are: vertebrates ( birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish); mollusks ( clams, oysters, octopuses, squid, snails); arthropods ( millipedes, centipedes, insects, spiders, scorpions, crabs, lobsters, shrimp); annelids ( earthworms, leeches); sponges; and jellyfish.
A 1925 Ford pickup truck cost $281 which is $4,882 today.
Hatton Gospels is the name now given to a manuscript produced in the late twelfth century or early thirteenth century. It contains a translation of the four gospels into West Saxon. [34] The translators worked from the Vulgate, the Latin Bible that was the standard Biblical text of Western Christianity.
Winners in Boldface. Italics denote a tie game.
Date played | West / PCC / Pac-12 | East / Big Ten | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 1, 1902 | Stanford | 0 | Michigan | 49 | notes | |
January 1, 1916 | Washington State | 14 | Brown | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1917 | Oregon | 14 | Pennsylvania | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1918* | Mare Island - USMC | 19 | Camp Lewis - US Army | 7 | notes | |
January 1, 1919* | Mare Island - USMC | 0 | Great Lakes - US Navy | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1920 | Oregon | 6 | Harvard | 7 | notes | |
January 1, 1921 | California | 28 | Ohio State | 0 | notes | |
January 2, 1922 | California | 0 | Washington & Jefferson | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1923 | USC | 14 | Penn State | 3 | notes | |
January 1, 1924 | Washington | 14 | Navy | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1925 | Stanford | 10 | Notre Dame | 27 | notes | |
January 1, 1926 | Washington | 19 | Alabama | 20 | notes | |
January 1, 1927 | Stanford | 7 | Alabama | 7 | notes | |
January 2, 1928 | Stanford | 7 | Pittsburgh | 6 | notes | |
January 1, 1929 | California | 7 | Georgia Tech | 8 | notes | |
January 1, 1930 | USC | 47 | Pittsburgh | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1931 | Washington State | 0 | Alabama | 24 | notes | |
January 1, 1932 | USC | 21 | Tulane | 12 | notes | |
January 2, 1933 | USC | 35 | Pittsburgh | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1934 | Stanford | 0 | Columbia | 7 | notes | |
January 1, 1935 | Stanford | 13 | Alabama | 29 | notes | |
January 1, 1936 | Stanford | 7 | SMU | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1937 | Washington | 0 | Pittsburgh | 21 | notes | |
January 1, 1938 | California | 13 | Alabama | 0 | notes | |
January 2, 1939 | USC | 7 | Duke | 3 | notes | |
January 1, 1940 | USC | 14 | Tennessee | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1941 | Stanford | 21 | Nebraska | 13 | notes | |
January 1, 1942** | Oregon State | 20 | Duke | 16 | notes | |
January 1, 1943 | UCLA | 0 | Georgia | 9 | notes | |
January 1, 1944 | USC | 29 | Washington | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1945 | USC | 25 | Tennessee | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1946 | USC | 14 | Alabama | 34 | notes | |
January 1, 1947 | UCLA | 14 | Illinois | 45 | notes | |
January 1, 1948 | USC | 0 | Michigan | 49 | notes | |
January 1, 1949 | California | 14 | Northwestern | 20 | notes | |
January 2, 1950 | California | 14 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1951 | California | 6 | Michigan | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1952 | Stanford | 7 | Illinois | 40 | notes | |
January 1, 1953 | USC | 7 | Wisconsin | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1954 | UCLA | 20 | Michigan State | 28 | notes | |
January 1, 1955 | USC | 7 | Ohio State | 20 | notes | |
January 2, 1956 | UCLA | 14 | Michigan State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1957 | Oregon State | 19 | Iowa | 35 | notes | |
January 1, 1958 | Oregon | 7 | Ohio State | 10 | notes | |
January 1, 1959 | California | 12 | Iowa | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 1960 | Washington | 44 | Wisconsin | 8 | notes | |
January 2, 1961 | Washington | 17 | Minnesota | 7 | notes | |
January 1, 1962 | UCLA | 3 | Minnesota | 21 | notes | |
January 1, 1963 | USC | 42 | Wisconsin | 37 | notes | |
January 1, 1964 | Washington | 7 | Illinois | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1965 | Oregon State | 7 | Michigan | 34 | notes | |
January 1, 1966 | UCLA | 14 | Michigan State | 12 | notes | |
January 2, 1967 | USC | 13 | Purdue | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1968 | USC | 14 | Indiana | 3 | notes | |
January 1, 1969 | USC | 16 | Ohio State | 27 | notes | |
January 1, 1970 | USC | 10 | Michigan | 3 | notes | |
January 1, 1971 | Stanford | 27 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1972 | Stanford | 13 | Michigan | 12 | notes | |
January 1, 1973 | USC | 42 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1974 | USC | 21 | Ohio State | 42 | notes | |
January 1, 1975 | USC | 18 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1976 | UCLA | 23 | Ohio State | 10 | notes | |
January 1, 1977 | USC | 14 | Michigan | 6 | notes | |
January 2, 1978 | Washington | 27 | Michigan | 20 | notes | |
January 1, 1979 | USC | 17 | Michigan | 10 | notes | |
January 1, 1980 | USC | 17 | Ohio State | 16 | notes | |
January 1, 1981 | Washington | 6 | Michigan | 23 | notes | |
January 1, 1982 | Washington | 28 | Iowa | 0 | notes | |
January 1, 1983 | UCLA | 24 | Michigan | 14 | notes | |
January 2, 1984 | UCLA | 45 | Illinois | 9 | notes | |
January 1, 1985 | USC | 20 | Ohio State | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 1986 | UCLA | 45 | Iowa | 28 | notes | |
January 1, 1987 | Arizona State | 22 | Michigan | 15 | notes | |
January 1, 1988 | USC | 17 | Michigan State | 20 | notes | |
January 2, 1989 | USC | 14 | Michigan | 22 | notes | |
January 1, 1990 | USC | 17 | Michigan | 10 | notes | |
January 1, 1991 | Washington | 46 | Iowa | 34 | notes | |
January 1, 1992 | Washington | 34 | Michigan | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 1993 | Washington | 31 | Michigan | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 1994 | UCLA | 16 | Wisconsin | 21 | notes | |
January 2, 1995 | Oregon | 20 | Penn State | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 1996 | USC | 41 | Northwestern | 32 | notes | |
January 1, 1997 | Arizona State | 17 | Ohio State | 20 | notes | |
January 1, 1998 | Washington State | 16 | Michigan | 21 | notes | |
January 1, 1999 | UCLA | 31 | Wisconsin | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 2000 | Stanford | 9 | Wisconsin | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 2001 | Washington | 34 | Purdue | 24 | notes | |
January 3, 2002*** | Miami (FL) | 37 | Nebraska | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 2003 | Washington State | 14 | Oklahoma | 34 | notes | |
January 1, 2004 | USC | 28 | Michigan | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 2005 | Texas | 38 | Michigan | 37 | notes | |
January 4, 2006*** | USC | 38 | Texas | 41 | notes | |
January 1, 2007 | USC | 32 | Michigan | 18 | notes | |
January 1, 2008 | USC | 49 | Illinois | 17 | notes | |
January 1, 2009 | USC | 38 | Penn State | 24 | notes | |
January 1, 2010 | Oregon | 17 | Ohio State | 26 | notes | |
January 1, 2011 | TCU | 21 | Wisconsin | 19 | notes | |
January 2, 2012 | Oregon | 45 | Wisconsin | 38 | notes | |
January 1, 2013 | Stanford | 20 | Wisconsin | 14 | notes | |
January 1, 2014 | Stanford | 20 | Michigan State | 24 | notes |
* During WWI, military teams played.
** Following the
attack on Pearl Harbor, the 1942 game was moved to
Duke University's
Wallace Wade Stadium in
Durham, North Carolina, as officials were wary of allowing such a large crowd to congregate anywhere on the
West Coast due to
World War II security concerns.
*** Denotes
BCS National Championship Game under the original format, teams outside the usual parameters played this year
Sodium polycarboxylate is the name used on labels in the United States to designate a family of anionic polymers with a long carbon chain backbone along which are many attached carboxyl functional groups.
In population genetics, linkage disequilibrium is a combination of alleles ( DNA sequences) at various locations ( loci) in a genome (usually on one chromosome) that are inherited together more (or less) often than expected from the frequency of the alleles in the population. (see Example )
A linkage disequilibrium may be one locus, several loci, an entire chromosome, or the genome depending on the number of recombination events that have occurred between a given set of loci. In other words, linkage disequilibrium is the occurrence of some combinations of alleles or genetic markers in a population more often or less often than would be expected from a random formation of haplotypes from alleles based on their frequencies. It is indicative of a recent mutation, because there has not been time for recombination to separate the mutation from the particular alleles carried by its founder individual. [35]
Since linkage disequilibrium is the non-random association of alleles at two or more loci, that may or may not be on the same chromosome, it would be more appropriate to term it allelic association. [35] It is also referred to as gametic phase disequilibrium, [36] or simply gametic disequilibrium.
It is a second order phenomenon derived from linkage, which is the presence of two or more loci on a chromosome with limited recombination between them. The amount of linkage disequilibrium depends on the difference between observed allelic frequencies and those expected from a homogenous, randomly distributed model. Populations where combinations of alleles or genotypes can be found in the expected proportions are said to be in linkage equilibrium.
The level of linkage disequilibrium is influenced by a number of factors, including genetic linkage, selection, the rate of recombination, the rate of mutation, genetic drift, non-random mating, and population structure. A limiting example of the effect of rate of recombination may be seen in some organisms (such as bacteria) that reproduce asexually and hence exhibit no recombination to break down the linkage disequilibrium. An example of the effect of population structure is the phenomenon of Finnish disease heritage, which is attributed to a population bottleneck.
Along the linear DNA molecule one gene follows another. These genes are said to be linked since they follow each other on the same DNA molecule, and are inherited as a group. For every gene there are several varieties. For example suppose hair color (red, brown, blond, black), eye color (hazel, green, blue, brown), heart attack rate (high, normal, low), hair curliness (straight, wavy, curly) appear one after the other. The most common pattern of the 144 possible patterns of these four genes would be black, brown, normal, and straight. Suppose a mutation occurs in a Swede in the heart attack rate gene. Now there is in the world one copy of DNA with blond, blue, ultra-low (the new mutation), and wavy. This is a linkage disequilibrium. This linkage disequilibrium would propagate because the ultra-low heart attack rate would allow the people carrying it to live longer which gives them time to have more children.
Over a long time recombination which shuffles gene varieties, but not their order, will produce all possible combinations of these four genes. The most common pattern then would be black, brown, ultra-low, and straight, and the linkage disequilibrium would have disappeared.
When a mutation occurs it occurs on one DNA molecule in one individual. Thus it has only one set of neighboring
The manuscript has decorated initials. They are large, and appear alternately in read or blue with pen ornament of the other color. Large decorated initials, alternately red or blue with pen ornament of the other colour. The large initials are twenty percent into the margins. The text is indented around the large initials. At the beginning of each Gospel, the large initial is green. [34]
The manuscript is massing Luke 16.12 through 17.1.
The manuscript was probably produced at Canterbury. It contains palaeographic evidence of such an origin.<
The first sure knowledge of the manuscript is the signature of John Parker (d. 1618), on the verso of folio i. Parker was the son of Archbishop Mathew Parker. Next there is a signature of Christopher, Baron Hatton(d. 1670), on the recto of folio ii. John Hatton bought the manuscript from the estate of
Later medieval history is unknown. The manuscript belonged to John Parker (1548-1618), son of Archbishop Mathew Parker (his signature may be seen on the verso of fol. i) and Christopher, Baron Hatton( 1605?-1670), whose signature is on the recto of fol. ii; used by Francis Junius (1589-1677) for his 1665 edition of the Gospel. The Oxford BOdleian Lirbary acquired it with other Hatton manuscripts in 1671.
Grunberg, M., The West-Saxon Gospels: A study of the Gospels of St. Matthew with Text of the Four Gospels (Amsterdam: Scheltema and Holkema NV, 1967
Hardwick, Charles ed., Gospels According to Saint Matthew in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Versions, Synoptically Arranged, with Collations of the Best Manuscripts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1858)
Junius, Francis and Marshall, Thomas ed., Quatuor D. N. Jesu Christi Evangeliorumversiones perantiquae duae, Gothica scil. et Anglo-Saxonica: Quarum illam ex celeberrimo Codice Argenteo nunc primum depromsit Franciscus Junius F. F. Hanc autem ex Codicibus MSS. collatis emendatius recudi curavit Thomas Mareschallus, Anglus: cujus etiam Observationes in utramque Versionem subnectuntur. Accessit + Glossarium Gothicum cui praemittitur Alphabetum Gothicum, Runicum +c. opera ejusdem francisci Junii., 2 vols (Dordrecht: Henricus and Essaeus, 1665)
Lenker, Ursula, Die Westsächsische Evangelienversion und die Perikopenordnungen im angelsächsischen England, Münchener Universitäts-Schriften, Philosophische Fakultät, Texte und Untersuchungen zur Englischen Philologie, 20 (Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1997)
Liuzza, R. M., '378. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Hatton 38 (4090): "West Saxon Gospels"', in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile, ed. by R. M. Liuzza and A. N. Doane (Binghamton, NY: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1995), vol. 3: Anglo-Saxon Gospels, pp. 32-33
Skeat, Walter W., ed., The Gospel According to Saint John: in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Versions, Synoptically Arranged, with Collations Exhibiting all the Readings of All the MSS (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1878)
Madan, Falconer (1895–1953). A Summary Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 837.{{
cite book}}
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Family Equidae (in addition to Equus, the family includes approximately 35 other genera, all extinct)
Talk:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory#Introduction
Steel, David; Penny (13 May 2010).
"Origins of life: Common ancestry put to the test". 465 (7295). London: Macmillan Publishers Limited: 168–169.
doi:
10.1038/465168a.
ISSN
0028-0836. {{
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Theobald, Douglas L. (13 May 2010).
"A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry". Nature. 465 (7295). London: Macmillan Publishers Limited: 219–222.
doi:
10.1038/nature09014.
ISSN
0028-0836.{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (
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Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse#Bigamous Marriage
History of Earth and its life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
−4500 — – −4000 — – −3500 — – −3000 — – −2500 — – −2000 — – −1500 — – −1000 — – −500 — – 0 — |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scale: Millions of years |
Features shared more widely than in a group of interest. These are primitive for the group in question and cannot provide evidence for the group.
An evolutionary trait that is homologous within a particular group of organisms but is not unique to members of that group (compare apomorphy) and therefore cannot be used as a diagnostic or defining character for the group. For example, vertebrae are found in zebras, cheetahs, and orang-utans, but the common ancestor in which this trait first evolved is so distant that the trait is shared by many other animals. Therefore, possession of vertebrae sheds no light on the phylogenetic relations of these three species.
A Dictionary of Biology, Oxford University Press, © Market House Books Ltd 2000
Symplesiomorphy
The possession of a character state that is primitive (plesiomorphic) and shared between two or more taxa. Shared possession of a symplesiomorph character state is not evidence that the taxa in question are related.
In cladistics, a symplesiomorphy or symplesiomorphic character is a trait which is shared (a symmorphy) between two or more taxa, but which is also shared with other taxa which have an earlier last common ancestor with the taxa under consideration. Symplesiomorphies are therefore not an indication that the taxa considered are more closely related to each other than to the more distant taxa, as all share the more primitive trait. A close phylogenetic relationship, that the taxa form a certain clade to the exclusion of certain other taxa, can only be shown by the discovery of synapomorphies which are shared traits that have originated with the last common ancestor of the taxa considered.
A plesiomorphy is
The concept of the symplesiomorphy shows the danger of grouping species together on the basis of general morphologic or genetic similarity, without distinguishing between resemblances caused by either primitive or derived traits. This phenetic method of analysis was common before cladistics became popular in the 1980s.
A famous example is pharyngeal gill breathing in bony and cartilaginous fishes. The former are more closely related to Tetrapoda (terrestrial vertebrates, which evolved out of a clade of bony fishes) that breathe via their skin or lungs, rather than to the sharks, rays, et al.. Their kind of gill respiration is shared by the "fishes" because it was present in their common ancestor and lost in the other living vertebrates.
Choice | Votes | % |
---|---|---|
![]() |
134,397 | 98.10 |
Yes | 2,599 | 1.90 |
Valid votes | 136,996 | 94.98 |
Invalid or blank votes | 7,235 | 5.02 |
Total votes | 144,231 | 100.00 |
Registered voters/turnout | 230,018 | 62.70 |
Metal | Colorado limit ppb |
Measured ppb | Percent over limit |
---|---|---|---|
cadmium | 6 | 5 | 20 |
lead | 5,720 | 50 | 10,000 |
arsenic | 264 | 10 | 2,600 |
iron | 326,000 | 1000 | 32,600 |
copper | 1,120 | 1000 | 12 |
manganese | 3,040 | 50 | 3,000 |
Rank 2011 |
Rank 2010 |
Company | Country of origin | Revenue (million $ USD) |
2011/2010 changes | Market share |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | Intel Corporation(1) |
![]() |
49 685 | +23.0% | 15.9% |
2 | 2 | Samsung Electronics |
![]() |
29 242 | +3.0% | 9.3% |
3 | 4 | Texas Instruments(2) |
![]() |
14 081 | +8.4% | 4.5% |
4 | 3 | Toshiba Semiconductor |
![]() |
13 362 | +2.7% | 4.3% |
5 | 5 | Renesas Electronics |
![]() |
11 153 | -6.2% | 3.6% |
6 | 9 | Qualcomm(3) |
![]() |
10 080 | +39.9% | 3.2% |
7 | 7 | STMicroelectronics |
![]() ![]() |
9 792 | -5.4% | 3.1% |
8 | 6 | Hynix |
![]() |
8 911 | -14.2% | 2.8% |
9 | 8 | Micron Technology |
![]() |
7 344 | -17.3% | 2.3% |
10 | 10 | Broadcom |
![]() |
7 153 | +7.0% | 2.3% |
11 | 12 | AMD |
![]() |
6 483 | +2.2% | 2.1% |
12 | 13 | Infineon Technologies |
![]() |
5 403 | -14.5% | 1.7% |
13 | 14 | Sony |
![]() |
5 153 | -1.4% | 1.6% |
14 | 16 | Freescale Semiconductor |
![]() |
4 465 | +2.5% | 1.4% |
15 | 11 | Elpida Memory |
![]() |
3 854 | -40.2% | 1.2% |
16 | 17 | NXP |
![]() |
3 838 | -4.7% | 1.2% |
17 | 20 | NVIDIA |
![]() |
3 672 | +14.9% | 1.2% |
18 | 18 | Marvell Technology Group |
![]() |
3 448 | -4.4% | 1.1% |
19 | 26 | ON Semiconductor(4) |
![]() |
3 423 | +49.4% | 1.1% |
20 | 15 | Panasonic |
![]() |
3 365 | -32.0% | 1.1% |
21 | 21 | Rohm Semiconductor |
![]() |
3 187 | +2.2% | 1.0% |
22 | 19 | MediaTek |
![]() |
2 952 | -16.9% | 0.9% |
23 | 28 | Nichia |
![]() |
2 936 | +34.1% | 0.9% |
24 | 23 | Analog Devices |
![]() |
2 846 | -0.6% | 0.9% |
25 | 22 | Fujitsu Semiconductors |
![]() |
2 742 | -0.5% | 0.9% |
All Other companies | 95 610 | -0.5% | 30.7% | |||
TOTAL | 311 360 | 1.3% | 100.0% |
School | Conference | Record (Conference) | Head Coach | Previous CWS Appearances | CWS Best Finish | CWS W-L Record |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arizona State | Pac-10 | 51–8 (20–7) | Tim Esmay | 21 (last: 2009) |
1st ( 1965, 1967, 1969, 1977, 1981) |
61–36 |
Clemson | ACC | 43–23 (18–12) | Jack Leggett | 11 (last: 2006) |
3rd ( 1996, 2002) |
10–22 |
Florida | SEC | 47–15 (22–8) | Kevin O'Sullivan | 5 (last: 2005) |
2nd ( 2005) |
8–11 |
Florida State | ACC | 47–18 (18–12) | Mike Martin | 19 (last: 2008) |
2nd ( 1970, 1986, 1999) |
25–38 |
Oklahoma | Big 12 | 49–16 (15–10) | Sunny Golloway | 9 (last: 1995) |
1st ( 1951, 1994) |
14–14 |
South Carolina | SEC | 48–15 (21–9) | Ray Tanner | 8 (last: 2004) |
2nd (1975, 1977, 2002) |
25–17 |
TCU | MWC | 51–12 (19–5) | Jim Schlossnagle | 0 (last: none) |
none | 0–0 |
UCLA | Pac-10 | 48–14 (18–9) | John Savage | 2 (last: 1997) |
7th (1969, 1997) |
3–7 |
Model Number | Step. | Freq. | L2 Cache | L3 Cache | HT | Multi 1 | Voltage | TDP | Socket | Release Date | Part Number(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenom II X4 805 | C2 | 2.5 | 512 | 4 | 2 | 12.5 | 0.875 - 1.425 | 95 | AM3 | February 9, 2009 | HDX805WFK4FGI |
Phenom II X4 810 | C2 | 2.6 | 512 | 4 | 2 | 13 | 0.875 - 1.425 | 95 | AM3 | February 9, 2009 | HDX810WFK4FGI |
Phenom II X4 900e | C2 | 2.4 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 12 | 0.850 - 1.250 | 65 | AM3 | unknown, 2009 | HD900EOCK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 905e | C2 | 2.5 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 12.5 | 0.825 - 1.250 | 65 | AM3 | June 2, 2009 | HD905EOCK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 910 | C2 | 2.6 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 13 | 0.875 - 1.425 | 95 | AM3 | February 9, 2009 | HDX910WFK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 920 | C2 | 2.8 | 512 | 6 | 1.8 | 14 | 0.875 - 1.500 | 125 W | AM2+ | January 8, 2009 | HDX920XCJ4DGI |
Phenom II X4 925 | C3 | 2.8 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 14 | 0.850 - 1.400 | 95 W | AM3 | November 4, 2009 | HDX925WFK4DGM |
Phenom II X4 940 Black Edition 2 | C2 | 3.0 | 512 | 6 | 1.8 | 15 | 0.875 - 1.500 | 125 | AM2+ | January 8, 2009 | HDZ940XCJ4DGI |
Phenom II X4 945 | C2 | 3.0 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 15 | 0.875 - 1.500 | 125 | AM3 | April 23, 2009 | HDX945FBK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 945 | C2 | 3.0 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 15 | 0.850 - 1.425 | 95 | AM3 | June 12, 2009 | HDX945WFK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 945 | C3 | 3.0 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 15 | 0.850 - 1.400 | 95 | AM3 | November 4, 2009 | HDX945WFK4DGM |
Phenom II X4 955 Black Edition 2 | C2 | 3.2 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 16 | 0.875 - 1.500 | 125 | AM3 | April 23, 2009 | HDZ955FBK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 955 Black Edition 2 | C3 | 3.2 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 16 | 0.850 - 1.400 | 125 | AM3 | November 11, 2009 | HDX955FBK4DGM |
Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition 2 | C2 | 3.4 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 17 | 0.850 - 1.425 | 140 | AM3 | August 13, 2009 | HDZ965FBK4DGI |
Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition 2 | C3 | 3.4 | 512 | 6 | 2 | 17 | 0.825 - 1.400 | 125 | AM3 | November 7, 2009 | HDX965FBK4DGM |
year | total cases | % |
---|---|---|
2009 | 2463 | NA |
2010 | 1785 | 38% |
2011 | 1006 | 77% |
2012 | 521 | 96% |
country | % of GDP |
---|---|
Estonia | 28.6 |
Greek | 24.3 |
Latvia | 21.6 |
Italy | 21.6 |
Belgium | 17.1 |
Germany | 13.5 |
App. Mag. (V) | Celestial object |
---|---|
–30.40 | Sun as seen from 1566 Icarus at perihelion |
–29.30 | Sun as seen from Mercury at perihelion |
–27.40 | Sun as seen from Venus at perihelion |
–26.73 | Sun (449,000 times brighter than full moon) |
–25.60 | Sun as seen from Mars at aphelion |
–23.00 | Sun as seen from Jupiter at aphelion |
–21.70 | Sun as seen from Saturn at aphelion |
–20.20 | Sun as seen from Uranus at aphelion |
–19.30 | Sun as seen from Neptune |
–18.20 | Sun as seen from Pluto at aphelion |
–16.70 | Sun as seen from Eris at aphelion |
–12.92 | Maximum brightness of Full Moon [2] |
–11.20 | Sun as seen from Sedna at aphelion |
–10.00 | Sun as seen from scattered disc object 2006 SQ372 at aphelion |
–9.50 | Maximum brightness of an Iridium (satellite) flare |
–8.30 | Sun as seen from Comet Hyakutake at aphelion |
–7.50 | The SN 1006 supernova of AD 1006, the brightest stellar event in recorded history [3] |
–6.00 | The Crab Supernova ( SN 1054) of AD 1054 (6500 light years away) [4] |
–4.67 | Maximum brightness of Venus [5] when illuminated as a crescent and the International Space Station (when the ISS is at its perigee and fully lit by the sun) [6] |
–4.00 | Faintest objects observable during the day with naked eye when Sun high in the sky |
–3.82 | Minimum brightness of Venus when it is on the far side of the Sun |
–2.94 | Maximum brightness of Jupiter [7] |
–2.91 | Maximum brightness of Mars [8] |
–2.50 | Faintest objects observable during the day with naked eye when Sun less than 10° above horizon |
–2.50 | Minimum brightness of Moon when close near a sun (New Moon) |
–2.45 | Maximum brightness of Mercury at superior conjunction (unlike Venus, Mercury is at its brightest when on the far side of the Sun) |
–1.61 | Minimum brightness of Jupiter |
–1.47 | Brightest star (except for the sun) at visible wavelengths: Sirius [9] |
–0.83 | Eta Carinae apparent brightness as a Supernova impostor in April 1843 |
–0.72 | Second-brightest star: Canopus [10] |
–0.49 | Maximum brightness of Saturn at opposition and when the rings are full open (2003, 2018) |
–0.27 | The combined magnitude for the Alpha Centauri star system |
–0.04 | Third-brightest star: Arcturus [11] |
0.03 | Vega, which was originally chosen as a definition of the zero point [12] |
0.50 | Sun as seen from Alpha Centauri |
1.21 | Minimum brightness of Saturn |
1.84 | Minimum brightness of Mars |
3.03 | The SN 1987A supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud 160,000 light-years away. |
3 ... 4 | Faintest stars visible in an urban neighborhood with naked eye |
3.44 | The well known Andromeda Galaxy (M31) [13] |
4.38 | Maximum brightness of Ganymede [14] (moon of Jupiter and the largest moon in the solar system) |
4.50 | M41 an open cluster that may have been seen by Aristotle [15] |
5.14 | Maximum brightness of brightest asteroid Vesta |
5.32 | Maximum brightness of Uranus [16] |
5.72 | The spiral galaxy M33 which is used as a test for naked eye seeing under dark skies [17] [18] |
5.73 | Minimum brightness of Mercury |
5.95 | Minimum brightness of Uranus |
6.40 | Maximum brightness of asteroid Pallas |
6.50 | Approximate limit of stars observed by a mean naked eye observer under very good conditions. There are about 9,493 stars visible to mag 6.5. [19] |
6.73 | Maximum brightness of dwarf planet Ceres in the asteroid belt |
6.90 | The spiral galaxy M81 is an extreme naked eye target that pushes human eyesight and the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale to the limit [20] |
7 ... 8 | Extreme naked eye limit with class 1 Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, the darkest skies available on Earth [21] |
7.72 | The star HD 85828 [22] is the faintest star known to be observed with the naked eye [23] |
7.78 | Maximum brightness of Neptune [24] |
8.02 | Minimum brightness of Neptune |
8.10 | Maximum brightness of Titan (largest moon of Saturn) [25] [26] Mean opposition magnitude 8.4 [27] |
9.01 | Maximum brightness of asteroid 10 Hygiea [28] |
9.50 | Faintest objects visible using common 7x50 binoculars under typical conditions |
10.20 | Maximum brightness of Iapetus [26] (brightest when west of Saturn and takes 40 days to switch sides) |
12.00 | Sun as seen from Rigel |
12.91 | Brightest quasar 3C 273 ( luminosity distance of 2.4 Giga- light years) |
13.42 | Maximum brightness of Triton [27] |
13.65 | Maximum brightness of Pluto [29] (725 times fainter than magnitude 6.5 naked eye skies) |
15.40 | Maximum brightness of centaur Chiron [30] |
15.55 | Maximum brightness of Charon (the large moon of Pluto) |
16.80 | Current opposition brightness of Makemake [31] |
17.27 | Current opposition brightness of Haumea [32] |
18.70 | Current opposition brightness of Eris |
20.70 | Callirrhoe (small ~8km satellite of Jupiter) [27] |
22.00 | Approximate limiting magnitude of a 24" Ritchey-Chrétien telescope with 30 minutes of stacked images (6 subframes at 300s each) using a ccd detector [33] |
22.91 | Maximum brightness of Pluto's moon Hydra |
23.38 | Maximum brightness of Pluto's moon Nix |
25 | Fenrir (small ~4km satellite of Saturn) [34] |
27 | Faintest objects observable in visible light with 8m ground-based telescopes |
28 | Jupiter if it were located 5000AU from the Sun [35] |
28.2 | Halley's Comet in 2003 when it was 28AU from the Sun [36] |
29.30 | Sun as seen from Andromeda Galaxy |
31.5 | Faintest objects observable in visible light with Hubble Space Telescope |
35 | Sedna at aphelion (900 AU) |
35 | LBV 1806-20 is a luminous blue variable star at visible wavelengths |
36 | Faintest objects observable in visible light with E-ELT |
(see also List of brightest stars) |
The above are only approximate values at visible wavelengths (in reality the values depend on the precise bandpass used) — see airglow for more details of telescope sensitivity.
==Spacer++ asdfasdfsdf asdf asd
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The sentence on the territorial size of Georgia, had the phrase "total area, a term which includes expanses of water claimed as state territory." This clearly implies that these water areas are not really part of the territory of Michigan, Wisconsin, or Florida. However this is incorrect.
The territory of Georgia includes that area under the water of West Point Lake, Hartwell Lake, Russell Lake, etc. all of which are bodies of water shared with neighboring states. If you commit murder on these waters you will be tried in the county and state in which the boat was located when the crime was committed.
Another example is Lake Tahoe which is shared by California and Nevada, with no one implying that the 133,000 sq. mi. of territory that is under the surface is "claimed" by California. It is part of the territory of California.
There is no doubt at all that the land under the surface of the Great Lakes is part of the territory of the various states. The exact boundaries of all states and their counties are completely established, and as well known as any land boundary. In fact there is an international boundary which Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York have with Canada, which differs in no material way as that boundary which North Dakota has with Canada, even though for these five states the boundary is partly or entirely underwater.
Finally for every state article in Wikipedia, there is a standard-template right side-bar which includes in the "Area" box a list item titled "% water". For Georgia it is 2.6%. Is this just "claimed" territorial area or is it actual territorial area?
Nick Beeson ( talk) 17:51, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
Chordata |
| |||||||||||||||||||||
ppmv: parts per million by volume | ||
Gas | Volume | Molar Fraction |
---|---|---|
Nitrogen (N2) | 780,840 ppmv (78.084%) | 754,200 |
Oxygen (O2) | 209,460 ppmv (20.946%) | 231,100 |
Argon (Ar) | 9,340 ppmv (0.9340%) | 12,866 |
Carbon dioxide (CO2) | 383 ppmv (0.0383%) | 581 |
Neon (Ne) | 18.18 ppmv (0.001818%) | 12.66 |
Helium (He) | 5.24 ppmv (0.000524%) | 0.72 |
Methane (CH4) | 1.745 ppmv (0.0001745%) | 0.97 |
Krypton (Kr) | 1.14 ppmv (0.000114%) | 3.29 |
Hydrogen (H2) | 0.55 ppmv (0.000055%) | 0.02 |
Not included in above dry atmosphere: | ||
Water vapor (H2O) | ~0.40% over full atmosphere, typically 1% to 4% near surface |
Gas | Volume |
---|---|
nitrous oxide | 0.3 ppmv (0.00005%) |
xenon | 0.09 ppmv (9x10-6%) |
ozone | 0.0 to 0.07 ppmv (0%-7x10-6%) |
nitrogen dioxide | 0.02 ppmv (2x10-6%) |
iodine | 0.01 ppmv (1x10-6%) |
carbon monoxide | trace |
ammonia | trace |
There is a table in the source for this page. I am not sure why it does not show up here.
Country | BSE cases | vCJD cases |
---|---|---|
Austria | 5 | 0 |
Belgium | 125 | 0 |
Canada | 10 | 1 |
Czech Republic | 9 | 0 |
Denmark | 15 | 0 |
Falkland Islands | 1 | 0 |
Finland | 1 | 0 |
France [38] | 900 | 11 |
Germany | 312 | 0 |
Greece | 1 | 0 |
Hong Kong | 2 | 0 |
Israel | 1 | 0 |
Italy | 117 | 1 |
Japan | 26 | 1 |
Liechtenstein | 2 | 0 |
Luxembourg | 2 | 1 |
Netherlands | 75 | 2 |
Oman | 2 | 0 |
Poland | 21 | 0 |
Portugal | 875 | 2 |
Republic of Ireland | 1,353 | 4 |
Slovakia | 15 | 0 |
Slovenia | 7 | 0 |
Spain | 412 | 2 |
Sweden | 1 | 0 |
Switzerland | 453 | 0 |
Thailand [39] | 2 | |
United Kingdom | 183,823 | 163 |
United States | 3 | 3 |
Total | 188,535 | 193 |
If there is text does this force the table to appear where it should?
Now?
Column heading 1 | Column heading 2 | Column heading 3 |
---|---|---|
Row heading 1 | Cell 2 | Cell 3 |
Row heading A | Cell B | Cell C |
(+ 60 results pending)
Common | Scientific |
---|---|
wolf | Canis lupus |
earthworm | Lumbricus terrestris |
honey bee | Apis mellifera |
cone flower | Echinacea sp. |
daisy | Bellis perennis |
white oak | Quercus alba |
This is the first section. Goto the forth section.
Inclination | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Inclination to ecliptic (°) |
Inclination to Sun's equator (°) | |||||||||
Terrestrials | Mercury | 7.01 | 3.38 | ||||||||
Venus | 3.39 | 3.86 | |||||||||
Gas giants | Jupiter | 1.31 | 6.09 | ||||||||
Saturn | 2.49 | 5.51 | |||||||||
This is the first section. Goto the forth section.
recombination | mieosis | shuffles the genes between the two chromosomes in each pair (one received from each parent), producing chromosomes with new genetic combinations in every gamete generated | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mitosis | does not shuffle the genes, porducing chromosomes pairs identical to those in the parent cell. | ||||||||||
chromosome count | mieosis | produces four genetically unique cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as in the parent | |||||||||
mitosis | produces the two genetically identical cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as in the parent | ||||||||||
moon-fact
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SN1006
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SN1054
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).venus
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).jupiter
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).mars
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-Sirius
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-Canopus
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-Arcturus
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-Vega
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-M31
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).horizons-Ganymede
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).uranus
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).SIMBAD-mag6.5
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).neptune
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).horizons-Titan
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).arval
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).jpl-sat
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).AstDys-Hygiea
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).pluto
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).AstDys-Chiron
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).AstDys-Makemake
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).AstDys-Haumea
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).sheppard-saturn
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).Fourth Pillar You left this message on my "talk" page: "Your recent test edits to Clarence Darrow were not constructive. It was vandalism and was reverted. Entry of false information is not helpful. ... Further vandalism will get you blocked from editing without further notice."
The edit in question changed "A" to "On September 9, 2915, a". The actual year was 1925, but my fingers got it wrong and I mistyped it. As anyone can see the year I typed contains the correct digits but in the wrong order. Clearly this is a typo. Vandalism would have contained some other digits, e.g. 3746.
The fundamental principles by which Wikipedia operates can be summarized in five "pillars": the Fourth Pillar says in part "...assume good faith on the part of others." Your post to me violates this. Instead of assuming good faith, you leap directly to assuming bad faith on my part, and calling my clear typo "vandalism". Then you threaten me with being "blocked from editing without further notice."
I have been editing Wikipedia for over seven years, on a daily basis. I have made over 3,000 distinct edits. Not one of which has ever before been called vandalism by anyone. You need to put heavy effort into rethinking your quick attacks on fellow Wikipedians, and try hard to grasp what the Fourth Pillar means when it says, "...assume good faith on the part of others." Nick Beeson ( talk) 14:36, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
By February 14, 2014, there had been twelve "substantive" Federal District Court decisions bearing on the constitutionality of various state constitutional, and statutory, bans on gay marriage. In every case the court struck down the ban as unconstitutional. [1] Decisions were rendered in Illinois, New Jersey, Ohio, Virginia, Kentucky, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and West Virginia. In addition to marriage there have been six decisions which have addressed other aspects of government sponsored discrimination due to sexual orientation, for example, selection to serve on juries, or receive employment benefits. In all six cases the courst struck down the discriminatory acts. [1]
An ‘’’egg’’’ is the organic vessel containing the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum, in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches. Most arthropods, vertebrates, and mollusks lay eggs while a few retain the fertilized egg inside the female, e.g. scorpions and most mammals, and give birth to live young.
The 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) ostrich egg is the largest egg currently known, though the extinct Aepyornis and some dinosaurs had larger eggs. The Bee Hummingbird produces the smallest known bird egg, which weighs half of a gram. The eggs laid by some reptiles and most fish can be even smaller, and those of insects and other invertebrates can be much smaller still.
Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs, with little or no other development within the mother.
The term "egg" is used differently outside the animal kingdom. Reproductive structures similar to the egg in other kingdoms are termed “ spores,’ or in spermatophytes “ seeds,” or in gametophytes “egg cell”.
The rest of this article is devoted to the discussion of amniote animal eggs.
Reptile eggs, bird eggs, and monotreme eggs, are laid out of water, and are surrounded by a protective shell, either flexible or inflexible. Eggs laid on land or in nests are usually kept within a favourable temperature range (warm) while the embryo grows. When the embryo is adequately developed it hatches, i.e. breaks out of the egg's shell. Baby animals which have just hatched are hatchlings, though standard names for babies of particular species continue to apply, such as chick for a baby chicken. Some embryos have a temporary egg tooth with which to crack, pip, or break the eggshell or covering.
The study or collecting of eggs, particularly bird eggs, is called oology.
Donatism ( Latin: Donatismus, Greek: Δονατισμός Donatismos) was a Christian sect within the Roman province of Africa that flourished in the fourth and fifth centuries [2] among Berber Christians. The Donatists (named for the Berber Christian bishop Donatus Magnus) were members of a schismatic church not in communion with the churches of the rest of Early Christianity in Late Antiquity. Donatism arose out of the persecutions of Christians under Diocletian (303–5 AD). The governor of Africa had been lenient towards the large Christian minority under his rule during the Diocletian persecutions. He was satisfied when Christians handed over their Scriptures as a token repudiation of their faith. When the persecutions came to an end, however, these Christians were branded traditores, "those who handed (the holy things) over" by the Donatists, mostly from the poorer classes. [3] The Donatists refused to accept the legitimacy of the traditores, declaring that their actions were unforgivable, and sacraments, such as baptism, administered by them were invalid.