Myocarditis | |
---|---|
Other names | Inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
| |
A microscope image of myocarditis at autopsy in a person with acute onset of heart failure | |
Specialty | Cardiology |
Symptoms | Shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, irregular heartbeat [1] |
Complications | Heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest [1] |
Duration | Hours to months [1] |
Causes | Usually viral infection, also bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, autoimmune disorders [1] [2] |
Diagnostic method | Electrocardiogram, blood troponin, heart MRI, heart biopsy [1] [2] |
Treatment | Medications, implantable cardiac defibrillator, heart transplant [1] [2] |
Medication | ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin [1] [2] |
Prognosis | Variable [3] |
Frequency | 2.5 million with cardiomyopathy (2015) [4] |
Deaths | 354,000 with cardiomyopathy (2015) [5] |
Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation of the heart muscle. [1] Symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, and an irregular heartbeat. [1] The duration of problems can vary from hours to months. [1] Complications may include heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrest. [1]
Myocarditis is most often due to a viral infection. [1] Other causes include bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders. [1] [2] A diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram (ECG), increased troponin, heart MRI, and occasionally a heart biopsy. [1] [2] An ultrasound of the heart is important to rule out other potential causes such as heart valve problems. [2]
Treatment depends on both the severity and the cause. [1] [2] Medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics are often used. [1] [2] A period of no exercise is typically recommended during recovery. [1] [2] Corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be useful in certain cases. [1] [2] In severe cases an implantable cardiac defibrillator or heart transplant may be recommended. [1] [2]
In 2013, about 1.5 million cases of acute myocarditis occurred. [6] While people of all ages are affected, the young are most often affected. [7] It is slightly more common in males than females. [1] Most cases are mild. [2] In 2015 cardiomyopathy, including myocarditis, resulted in 354,000 deaths up from 294,000 in 1990. [8] [9] The initial descriptions of the condition are from the mid-1800s. [10]
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Myocarditis | |
---|---|
Other names | Inflammatory cardiomyopathy |
| |
A microscope image of myocarditis at autopsy in a person with acute onset of heart failure | |
Specialty | Cardiology |
Symptoms | Shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, irregular heartbeat [1] |
Complications | Heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest [1] |
Duration | Hours to months [1] |
Causes | Usually viral infection, also bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, autoimmune disorders [1] [2] |
Diagnostic method | Electrocardiogram, blood troponin, heart MRI, heart biopsy [1] [2] |
Treatment | Medications, implantable cardiac defibrillator, heart transplant [1] [2] |
Medication | ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin [1] [2] |
Prognosis | Variable [3] |
Frequency | 2.5 million with cardiomyopathy (2015) [4] |
Deaths | 354,000 with cardiomyopathy (2015) [5] |
Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation of the heart muscle. [1] Symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, and an irregular heartbeat. [1] The duration of problems can vary from hours to months. [1] Complications may include heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrest. [1]
Myocarditis is most often due to a viral infection. [1] Other causes include bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders. [1] [2] A diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram (ECG), increased troponin, heart MRI, and occasionally a heart biopsy. [1] [2] An ultrasound of the heart is important to rule out other potential causes such as heart valve problems. [2]
Treatment depends on both the severity and the cause. [1] [2] Medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics are often used. [1] [2] A period of no exercise is typically recommended during recovery. [1] [2] Corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be useful in certain cases. [1] [2] In severe cases an implantable cardiac defibrillator or heart transplant may be recommended. [1] [2]
In 2013, about 1.5 million cases of acute myocarditis occurred. [6] While people of all ages are affected, the young are most often affected. [7] It is slightly more common in males than females. [1] Most cases are mild. [2] In 2015 cardiomyopathy, including myocarditis, resulted in 354,000 deaths up from 294,000 in 1990. [8] [9] The initial descriptions of the condition are from the mid-1800s. [10]
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