 | |
 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Vasotec, Renitec, Enacard, others |
| AHFS/ Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a686022 |
| License data | |
|
Pregnancy category | |
|
Routes of administration | By mouth |
| Drug class | ACE inhibitor |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 60% (by mouth) |
| Metabolism | liver (to enalaprilat) |
| Elimination half-life | 11 hours (enalaprilat) |
| Excretion | kidney [2] |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C20H28N2O5 |
| Molar mass | 376.453 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model ( JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 143 to 144.5 °C (289.4 to 292.1 °F) |
| |
| |
| (verify) | |
Enalapril, sold under the brand name Vasotec among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, diabetic kidney disease, and heart failure. [5] For heart failure, it is generally used with a diuretic, such as furosemide. [6] It is given by mouth or by injection into a vein. [5] Onset of effects are typically within an hour when taken by mouth and last for up to a day. [5]
Common side effects include headache, tiredness, feeling lightheaded with standing, and cough. [5] Serious side effects include angioedema and low blood pressure. [5] Use during pregnancy is believed to result in harm to the baby. [5] It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and works by inhibiting the renin–angiotensin system. [2]
Enalapril was patented in 1978, and came into medical use in 1984. [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.08 to US$0.80 per month. [9] In the United States, it costs about US$25 to US$50 per month. [10] In 2017, it was the 122nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than six million prescriptions. [11] [12]
References
- ^ a b c d "Enalapril Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 28 February 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ a b Benowitz, Neal L. (2020). "11. Antihypertensive agents". In Katzung, Bertram G.; Trevor, Anthony J. (eds.). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 183–185. ISBN 978-1-260-45231-0. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
-
^ Cite error: The named reference
MSF2020was invoked but never defined (see the help page). -
^ Cite error: The named reference
whowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f "Enalaprilat/Enalapril Maleate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 286. hdl: 10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 467. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl: 10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Enalapril". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 120. ISBN 9781284057560.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Enalapril Maleate - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
|
| |
|
| |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Vasotec, Renitec, Enacard, others |
| AHFS/ Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a686022 |
| License data | |
|
Pregnancy category | |
|
Routes of administration | By mouth |
| Drug class | ACE inhibitor |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 60% (by mouth) |
| Metabolism | liver (to enalaprilat) |
| Elimination half-life | 11 hours (enalaprilat) |
| Excretion | kidney [2] |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C20H28N2O5 |
| Molar mass | 376.453 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model ( JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 143 to 144.5 °C (289.4 to 292.1 °F) |
| |
| |
| (verify) | |
Enalapril, sold under the brand name Vasotec among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, diabetic kidney disease, and heart failure. [5] For heart failure, it is generally used with a diuretic, such as furosemide. [6] It is given by mouth or by injection into a vein. [5] Onset of effects are typically within an hour when taken by mouth and last for up to a day. [5]
Common side effects include headache, tiredness, feeling lightheaded with standing, and cough. [5] Serious side effects include angioedema and low blood pressure. [5] Use during pregnancy is believed to result in harm to the baby. [5] It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and works by inhibiting the renin–angiotensin system. [2]
Enalapril was patented in 1978, and came into medical use in 1984. [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.08 to US$0.80 per month. [9] In the United States, it costs about US$25 to US$50 per month. [10] In 2017, it was the 122nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than six million prescriptions. [11] [12]
References
- ^ a b c d "Enalapril Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 28 February 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ a b Benowitz, Neal L. (2020). "11. Antihypertensive agents". In Katzung, Bertram G.; Trevor, Anthony J. (eds.). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 183–185. ISBN 978-1-260-45231-0. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
-
^ Cite error: The named reference
MSF2020was invoked but never defined (see the help page). -
^ Cite error: The named reference
whowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f "Enalaprilat/Enalapril Maleate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 286. hdl: 10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 467. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl: 10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Enalapril". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 120. ISBN 9781284057560.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Enalapril Maleate - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.