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Iron ore (any commercially valuable iron-bearing mineral) is found in almost all types of rock, either deep underground or on the surface, combined with more or less oxygen, or water, or other elements, as a result of almost any geological process. [1] For example, the geology of north-west England (Lancashire, some now Cumbria) is exceptionally complex, leading to a wide variety of different ores being found within a few miles of each other, in totally different strata and for totally different reasons. On the other hand, the sedimentary ores of Minnesota extend for hundreds of square miles in almost unvarying homegeneous beds, laid down during a single geological age. Really?.
NB! There is probably still much uncertainty about the exact origins of some ores, and these are merely the basics of some theories.
1) Formed deep underground by fiery processes - forming iron oxides only - two types:
2) Formed near, or at the earth's surface - by sedimentary or metamorphic processes (eg magnetite skarn) - forming oxides, hydroxides, and a carbonate. Iron also forms sulphates and complex silicates, but they generally are not suitable for iron and steel making. [2]
Kendall shows how FeCl (iron chloride) reacts with limestone to make hematite and calcium chloride, with CO2 given off. [5]
Iron also combines with varying amounts of OH ions or H2O. There are many various chemical combinations (or admixtures) of iron, oxygen, hydrogen and water (formerly called e.g. ferric hydrate or sesquioxide of iron); the terms listed here are among the most frequently used:
Iron also forms other oxides, including simple sulphides (pyrites) and complex silicates, but these are generally not suitable as iron ore because the high content of sulphur or other contaminants makes them uneconomic. However, with careful selection of a combination of ores, the complex reactions in a blast furnace can turn these to advantage and either the impurities come out with the slag, or are incorporated into the finished product.
(all figures from Crowell, Benedict & Murray, C.B. (1911) Iron ores of Lake Superior. Cleveland Ohio: Penton Pub Co., pp. 18-20, except Brazil)
The amount of metallic iron can vary tremendously in a given location.
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link)![]() | This is not a Wikipedia article: It is an individual user's work-in-progress page, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable. For guidance on developing this draft, see
Wikipedia:So you made a userspace draft. Find sources:
Google (
books ·
news ·
scholar ·
free images ·
WP refs) ·
FENS ·
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TWL |
Iron ore (any commercially valuable iron-bearing mineral) is found in almost all types of rock, either deep underground or on the surface, combined with more or less oxygen, or water, or other elements, as a result of almost any geological process. [1] For example, the geology of north-west England (Lancashire, some now Cumbria) is exceptionally complex, leading to a wide variety of different ores being found within a few miles of each other, in totally different strata and for totally different reasons. On the other hand, the sedimentary ores of Minnesota extend for hundreds of square miles in almost unvarying homegeneous beds, laid down during a single geological age. Really?.
NB! There is probably still much uncertainty about the exact origins of some ores, and these are merely the basics of some theories.
1) Formed deep underground by fiery processes - forming iron oxides only - two types:
2) Formed near, or at the earth's surface - by sedimentary or metamorphic processes (eg magnetite skarn) - forming oxides, hydroxides, and a carbonate. Iron also forms sulphates and complex silicates, but they generally are not suitable for iron and steel making. [2]
Kendall shows how FeCl (iron chloride) reacts with limestone to make hematite and calcium chloride, with CO2 given off. [5]
Iron also combines with varying amounts of OH ions or H2O. There are many various chemical combinations (or admixtures) of iron, oxygen, hydrogen and water (formerly called e.g. ferric hydrate or sesquioxide of iron); the terms listed here are among the most frequently used:
Iron also forms other oxides, including simple sulphides (pyrites) and complex silicates, but these are generally not suitable as iron ore because the high content of sulphur or other contaminants makes them uneconomic. However, with careful selection of a combination of ores, the complex reactions in a blast furnace can turn these to advantage and either the impurities come out with the slag, or are incorporated into the finished product.
(all figures from Crowell, Benedict & Murray, C.B. (1911) Iron ores of Lake Superior. Cleveland Ohio: Penton Pub Co., pp. 18-20, except Brazil)
The amount of metallic iron can vary tremendously in a given location.
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cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date format (
link)