As of January 2015 [update], the Costa Rican stock of electric drive vehicles consisted of 477 hybrid electric vehicles and 2,229 electric vehicles. Plug-in car sales totaled 108 units in 2016. [1] The top selling model was the Outlander P-HEV with 60 units. [1]
In 2006 electric cars were exempted from the consumption tax, while conventional vehicles faced a 30% rate. In October 2012, electric cars were exempted from San José's driving restriction. [2] EVs were exempted from import duties and the government agreed to deploy charging stations in strategic locations in San José. [3]
The first electric car to go on sale was the REVAi, introduced in March 2009. The REVAi, powered by lead–acid batteries, sold 10 units. [4] The Mitsubishi i MiEV was launched in February 2011, with initial availability of 25 to 50 units. [5] [6] [7]
white | grey | pink | lilac | purple |
red | orange | yellow | green | blue |
red+ | orange+ | yellow+ | green+ | blue+ |
In January 2013 the Costa Rican Ministry of Environment and Energy deployed 200 electric SUVs for use as "green taxis." Electric/hybrid cars sold in Costa Rica include the BYD Qin (November 2013), [8] [9] Mitsubishi Outlander (March 2015) [10] and BMW i3 (September 2016). [11]
Plug-in electric vehicle market penetration per 1,000 people in top selling PEV countries as of September 2013 [update] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | PEV fleet |
Population as of 1 July 2013 [update] [12] (millions) |
PEV market penetration |
Comments | Evolution of EV market share of total new car sales | ||
2011 | 2012 | 2013 [13] | |||||
United States [14] [15] [16] [17] | 141,543 | 320.05 | 0.44 | Sales between 2008 and September 2013. Includes only plug-in electric cars. |
0.14% | 0.37% | 0.58% |
Japan | 62,590 | 127.14 | 0.49 | Sales since July 2009 through September 2013. Includes plug-in electric cars and all-electric utility vans. |
0.16% | ||
China | 39,800 | 1,386.57 | 0.03 | Sales through June 2013 Includes all-electric buses. |
0.050% | ||
France [18] | 24,772 | 64.29 | 0.39 | Registrations between 2010 and September 2013 Includes only all-electric cars and utility vans. |
0.30% | 0.48% | |
Norway [19] [20] | 15,502 | 5.04 | 3.07 | Registrations between 2008 and September 2013 Includes plug-in electric cars and some city cars, particularly before 2011. |
2.275% | 4.02% | |
Netherlands [21] [22] | 12,309 | 16.76 | 0.73 | Registrations between 2009 and September 2013. Includes plug-in cars and all-electric commercial vans. |
0.570% | 0.82% | |
Germany [23] [24] | 10,446 | 82.73 | 0.13 | Sales between 2010 and September 2013. Includes plug-in electric cars and all-electric utility vans. |
0.105% | 0.19% | |
United Kingdom | 7,285 | 63.14 | 0.12 | Registrations between 2006 and June 2013. Until 2010 includes all-electric cars and heavy quadricycles. From 2011 on includes only plug-in electric cars and all-electric utility vans. |
0.084% | 0.14% | |
Canada [25] | 4,738 | 35.18 | 0.13 | Sales between 2011 and September 2013. Includes only plug-in electric cars. |
NA | ||
Sweden | 2,632 | 9.57 | 0.27 | Sales between 2010 and September 2013. Includes only plug-in electric cars. |
0.33% | 0.56% | |
Total top markets(1) | 321,617 | - | 0.15 | September 2013 | |||
Note (1) Plug-in electric vehicle fleets include only highway-capable vehicles except where noted in comments. |
Top selling highway-capable plug-in electric cars and light utility vehicles produced since 2008 through September 2013(1) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model | Market launch |
Global sales |
Sales through |
Renault-Nissan Alliance | 112,285 | Sept 2013 | |
General Motors | 60,000 | Sept 2013 | |
Toyota Motor Company | 40,000 | Sept 2013 | |
Mitsubishi Motors | 36,500 | Sept 2013 | |
Tesla Motors | 19,500 | Sept 2013 | |
Ford Motor Company | 12,355 | Sept 2013 | |
Volvo | 2,500 | Sept 2013 | |
Total | |||
Notes: (1) |
The following table presents retail sales of the Volt/Ampera family through December 2013 for the top selling national markets by year since deliveries began in December 2010. Demonstration vehicles allocated to dealerships are not included in retail sales reports while they are used for test drives.
Registration of Chevrolet Volt family vehicles by top national markets between 2010 and 2013 (includes Chevrolet Volt and Opel/Vauxhall Ampera sales) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Total Volt/Ampera family 2010-2013 |
Cumulative sales 2010-2013 |
Total sales 2013 |
Total sales 2012 |
Total sales 2011 |
Total sales 2010 | ||||
Volt | Ampera | Volt | Ampera | Volt | Ampera | Volt | Ampera | Volt | ||
United States [14] [26] [27] | 54,552 | 54,552 | n.a. | 23,094 | n.a. | 23,461 | n.a. | 7,671 | n.a. | 326 |
Netherlands [28] [29] [30] | 5,980 | 1,058 | 4,922 | 745 | 2,218 | 306 | 2,696 | 7 | 8 | n.a. |
Canada [31] | 2,431 | 2,431 | n.a. | 931 | n.a. | 1,225 | n.a. | 275 | n.a. | |
Germany [32] [23] [33] | 1,477 | 73 | 1,404 | 25 | 335 | 23 | 828 | 25 | 241 | |
UK [34] [35] [36] [37] | 699(1) | 90 | 609 | 23 | 150 | 67 | 455 | n.a. | 4 | |
Switzerland [38] | 535 | 189 | 346 | 71 | 73 | 92 | 258 | 26 | 15 | |
France [39] [40] | 304 | 57 | 247 | 15 | 57 | 42 | 190 | n.a. | ||
Belgium [41] [42] | 241 | 40 | 201 | 3 | 31 | 37 | 170 | n.a. | ||
Norway [43] [20] | 230 | 1 | 229 | 0 | 88 | 1 | 141 | n.a. | ||
Austria [44] | 226 | 19 | 207 | 4 | 42 | 15 | 165 | n.a. | ||
Australia [45] [46] | 181 | 181 | n.a. | 101 | n.a. | 80 | n.a. | n.a. | ||
Sweden [47] [48] | 149 | 40 | 109 | 7 | 21 | 33 | 88 | n.a. | ||
Total top markets | 67,005 | 58,731 | 8,274 | 25,019 | 3,015 | 25,382 | 4,991 | 8,004 | 268 | 326 |
Notes: n.a. = Model not available in that market. (1) Sales in the UK through June 2013. |
As of June 2014
[update], with combined global sales of over 77,000 units, the Volt/Ampera family of vehicles is the world's second best selling
plug-in electric car ever, after the
Nissan Leaf, which has sold about 125,000 units worldwide by early July 2014.
[49]
[50] The Volt/Ampera family was the world's best selling plug-in electric car in 2012 with 31,400 units sold, and ranked in the 432nd place among all models sold worldwide in 2012.
[51]
[52] The Opel/Vauxhall Ampera was Europe's top selling plug-in electric car in 2012 with 5,268 units, representing a market share of 21.5% of the region's plug-in electric passenger car segment.
[53]
[54] However, during 2013 Ampera sales fell 40%, and the declining trend continued during the first half of 2014.
[55]
As of June 2014 [update], global Volt/Ampera family sales are led by the Chevrolet Volt, with the United States as the main market with 63,167 units sold, [56] followed by Canada with 3,262 units, [31] and the Netherlands with 1,060 Volts delivered. [57] A total of 9,189 Opel/Vauxhall Amperas have been sold in Europe through June 2014, [53] [55] [58] with registrations led by the Netherlands with 4,942 units, [57] followed by Germany with 1,450 units sold. [32] [23] [33] [59]
The following tables present retail sales of the Volt and Ampera varinats through June 2014 for the top selling national markets by year since deliveries began in December 2010. Demonstration vehicles allocated to dealerships are not included in retail sales reports while they are used for test drives.
Registration/sales of Chevrolet/Holden Volt vehicles by top national markets between 2010 and June 2014 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Total 2010-2014(1) |
Total 2014(1) |
Total 2013 |
Total 2012 |
Total 2011 |
Total 2010 |
United States [56] [14] [26] [27] | 63,167 | 8,615 | 23,094 | 23,461 | 7,671 | 326 |
Canada [31] | 3,262 | 831 | 931 | 1,225 | 275 | n.a. |
Netherlands [57] [28] [60] | 1,060 | 2 | 745 | 306 | 7 | |
Switzerland [61] | 223 | 34 | 71 | 92 | 26 | |
Australia [45] [46] [62] | 216 | 35 | 101 | 80 | n.a. | |
UK [34] [35] [36] [37] | 90(2) | - | 23(2) | 67 | n.a. | |
Germany [32] [23] [33] [59] | 73 | 0 | 25 | 23 | 25 | |
France [39] [40] [63] | 57 | 0 | 15 | 42 | n.a. | |
Belgium [41] [42] [64] | 40 | 0 | 3 | 37 | n.a. | |
Sweden [47] [48] [65] | 40 | 0 | 7 | 33 | n.a. | |
Total top markets | 68,228 | 9,517 | 25,015 | 25,366 | 8,004 | 326 |
Notes: (1) CYTD: current year-to-date sales through June 2014. (2) Sales in the UK through June 2013. |
Registration/sales of Opel/Vauxhall Ampera vehicles by top national markets between 2011 and June 2014 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Total 2011-2014(1) |
Total 2014(1) |
Total 2013 |
Total 2012 |
Total 2011 |
Netherlands [57] [28] [60] | 4,942 | 20 | 2,218 | 2,696 | 8 |
Germany [32] [23] [33] [59] | 1,450 | 46 | 335 | 828 | 241 |
UK [34] [35] [36] [37] | 609(2) | - | 150(2) | 455 | 4 |
Switzerland [61] | 390 | 44 | 73 | 258 | 15 |
France [39] [40] [63] | 367 | 120 | 57 | 190 | n.a. |
Norway [43] [20] [66] | 244 | 15 | 88 | 141 | n.a. |
Belgium [41] [42] [67] | 206 | 5 | 31 | 170 | n.a. |
Austria [44] [68] | 225 | 18 | 42 | 165 | n.a. |
Sweden [47] [48] [65] | 122 | 13 | 21 | 88 | n.a. |
Total top markets | 8,544 | 270 | 3,015 | 4,991 | 268 |
Total global sales [53] [55] [58] | 9,189 | 433 | 3,184 | 5,268 | 304 |
Notes: (1) CYTD: current year-to-date sales through June 2014. (2) Sales in the UK through June 2013. |
Plug-in hybrid global sales and top markets by country or region between December 2008 and 2012 CYTD(1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | All-electric range |
Market launch |
Global sales | Top selling markets | ||
Country | Sales | Comment | ||||
Chevrolet Volt/ Opel Ampera/ Vauxhall Ampera |
35 mi (56 km) | December 2010 | More than 33,000 |
United States | 27,306 | Chevrolet Volts sold through October 2012. [69] [70] [71] |
Netherlands | 2,416 | 2,175 Amperas and 241 Volts sold through October 2012. [72] [73] | ||||
Canada | 1,350 | Chevrolet Volts sold through October 2012. [74] | ||||
Germany | 1,060 | 1,012 Amperas and 48 Volts sold through October 2012. [32] [23] | ||||
United Kingdom | 414 | 361 Amperas and 53 Volts sold through September 2012. [34] [75] | ||||
Switzerland | 356 | 253 Amperas and 103 Volts sold through October 2012. [76] | ||||
Toyota Prius PHV | 11 mi (18 km) | January 2012 | 21,600 [77] | United States | 9,623 | Sales through October 2012. [71] |
Japan | 9,500 | Sales through October 2012. [77] | ||||
Europe | 1,820 | Sales through September 2012. [78] | ||||
Fisker Karma | 32 mi (51 km) | November 2011 | Around 1,500 | United States and Europe. Sales by September 2012. [79] | ||
BYD F3DM | 60 mi (97 km) | December 2008 | Over 1,000 | China. Sales through October 2011. [80] | ||
Ford C-Max Energi | 21 mi (34 km) | October 2012 | 144 | United States. Sales through October 2012. [71] | ||
Total global plug-in hybrid sales (1): Sales from December 2008 through October 2012 |
More than 57,000 | United States | More than 38,000 | Sales through October 2012. | ||
Japan | 9,500 | Sales through October 2012. | ||||
Europe | More than 8,000 | Sales through October 2012. | ||||
China | More than 1,000 | Sales through October 2011. |
Volt/Ampera Family Production (2010-2012) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model | Total 2010-12 |
2012(1) | 2011 | 2010 |
Chevrolet Volt | 38,416 | 22,687 | 14,510 | 1,219 |
Opel Ampera | 9,230 | 6,625 | 2,605 | - |
Total production | 47,646 | 29,312 | 17,115 | 1,219 |
Production by model year (MY) | ||||
Model | Total(1) | MY 2013 | MY 2012 | MY 2011 |
Chevrolet Volt | 38,416 | 12,629 | 21,299 | 4,488 |
Opel Ampera | 9,230 | 2,093 | 7,137 | - |
Total production | 47,646 | 14,722 | 28,436 | 4,488 |
Source: General Motors. [81] [82] [83] Note: (1): CYTD through November 2012. |
A total of 83,000 Leafs have been sold worldwide through September 2013. [84] The following table presents retail sales since deliveries of the Nissan Leaf began in December 2010 for the top selling national markets by year through September 2013.
Nissan Leaf sales by top national markets between 2010 and 2013 CYTD(1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Total | 2013 CYTD(1) |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
United States [14] [15] [16] [17] | 35,588 | 16,076 | 9,819 | 9,674 | 19 |
Japan [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] | 30,000 | 8,556 | 11,115 | 10,310 | 19 |
Norway [19] [20] | 5,710 | 3,039 | 2,298 | 373 | |
UK(2) [89] [37] | 2,159 | 825 | 699 | 635 | |
France [18] | 1,565 | 958 | 524 | 83 | |
Germany [23] [24] | 1,172 | 721 | 451 | ||
Netherlands [21] [22] | 860 | 301 | 265 | 294 | |
Canada [25] | 792 | 382 | 240 | 170 | |
Spain [90] [91] [92] | 376 | 163 | 154 | 59 | |
Italy [93] [94] [95] | 375 | 224 | 146 | 5 | |
Sweden [96] [97] | 347 | 218 | 129 | ||
Total top markets(1) | 78,944 | 31,463 | 25,840 | 21,603 | 38 |
Note (1) CYTD: Calendar year to day, as of September 30, 2013. (2) UK sales through June 2013. |
Market share of 2012 global sales of highway-capable BEVs and PHEVs by country [98] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All-electric cars | Plug-in hybrid cars | ||||||||
Ranking | Country | Market share(1) |
Ranking | Country | Market share(1) | ||||
1 | Japan | 28% | 1 | United States | 70% | ||||
2 | United States | 26% | 2 | Japan | 12% | ||||
3 | China | 16% | 3 | Netherlands | 8% | ||||
4 | France | 11% | 4 | Canada | 2% | ||||
5 | Norway | 7% | 5 | China | 2% | ||||
Note: (1) Market share as % total global sales of pure electric cars or plug-in hybrids. |
Plug-in electric car market penetration in 20 selected European countries
[99] (Total registrations during 2011 and 2012) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ranking | Country | PEV market share(1) (%) |
PEVs registered 2011-12(1) |
Total vehicle registrations |
Ranking | Country | PEV market share(1) (%) |
PEVs registered 2011-12(1) |
Total vehicle registrations |
1 | Norway | 2.275% | 6,287 | 276,312 | 11 | Czech Republic | 0.146% | 507 | 347,291 |
2 | Estonia | 1.723% | 562 | 32,617 | 12 | Slovakia | 0.110% | 156 | 142,099 |
3 | Portugal | 0.905% | 2,250 | 248,713 | 13 | Belgium | 0.108% | 1,148 | 1,058,948 |
4 | Austria | 0.711% | 4,924 | 692,155 | 14 | Germany | 0.105% | 6,553 | 6,256,138 |
5 | Netherlands | 0.570% | 6,030 | 1,058,390 | 15 | United Kingdom | 0.084% | 3,342 | 3,985,862 |
6 | Poland | 0.2980% | 1,640 | 551,016 | 16 | Spain | 0.057% | 863 | 1,507,640 |
7 | Denmark | 0.290% | 987 | 340,799 | 17 | Latvia | 0.051% | 13 | 25,636 |
8 | Switzerland | 0.227% | 1,472 | 647,097 | 18 | Bulgaria | 0.036% | 14 | 38,541 |
9 | France | 0.219% | 8,989 | 4,102,989 | 19 | Hungary | 0.035% | 34 | 98,162 |
10 | Sweden | 0.193% | 1,128 | 584,883 | 20 | Greece | 0.001% | 2 | 156,164 |
Note (1) Market penetration of highway-capable plug-in electric passenger cars, only includes pure electric cars and plug-in hybrids. |
Top selling highway-capable plug-in electric cars and light utility vehicles produced since 2008 through September 2013(1) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model | Market launch |
Global sales |
Sales through |
Nissan Leaf [84] | Dec 2010 | 83,000 | Sept 2013 |
Chevrolet Volt | Dec 2010 | 60,000 | Sept 2013 |
Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid | Dec 2010 | 40,000 | Sept 2013 |
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family [100] [101] | Jul 2009 | 26,000 | Sept 2013 |
Tesla Model S [102] [103] | Jun 2012 | 18,200 | Sept 2013 |
Renault Kangoo Z.E. [104] | Oct 2011 | 11,069 | Sept 2013 |
Chery QQ3 EV [105] [106] | Mar 2010 | 7,105 | June 2013 |
Ford C-Max Energi | Oct 2012 | 6,796 | Sept 2013 |
Renault Zoe [104] | Dec 2012 | 6,594 | Sept 2013 |
Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV | Jan 2013 | 5,865 | Sept 2013 |
JAC J3 EV [106] [107] [108] | 2010 | 4,918 | June 2013 |
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV(2) | Dec 2011 | 4,814 | Aug 2013 |
Smart electric drive(3) | 2009 | 4,387 | Sept 2013 |
Renault Fluence Z.E. [104] | 2011 | 3,715 | Sept 2013 |
Ford Fusion Energi | Feb 2013 | 3,401 | Sept 2013 |
BYD F3DM | Dec 2008 | 2,948 | June 2013 |
BYD e6 [109] [110] [111] | May 2010 | 2,854 | June 2013 |
Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid | Nov 2012 | 2,508 | Sept 2013 |
Tesla Roadster [112] [113] | Mar 2008 | ~ 2,500 | Dec 2012 |
Bolloré Bluecar [18] | Dec 2011 | 2,300 | Sept 2013 |
Ford Focus Electric | Dec 2011 | 2,174 | Sept 2013 |
Fisker Karma | Nov 2011 | ~ 2,100 | Sept 2013 |
Notes: (1) The
REVAi/G-Wiz i and
REVA L-ion, with less than 5,000 units sold between 2001 and 2012 [114] is not included because it is considered a heavy quadricycle or NEV in some countries while a regular electric car in others. (2) Minicab includes combined sales of van and truck versions. [101] (3) Smart ED sales includes Germany, U.S., France, the Netherlands and Italy. [18] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] Total top selling > 2K = 303,250 |
Top selling highway-capable electric cars and light utility vehicles produced since 2008 through June 2013(1) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model | Market launch |
Global sales |
Sales through |
Nissan Leaf [124] [125] [126] | Dec 2010 | > 69,000 | June 2013 |
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family [100] [101] | Jul 2009 | ~ 25,600 | June 2013 |
Tesla Model S [102] | Jun 2012 | 12,700 | June 2013 |
Renault Kangoo Z.E. [104] | Oct 2011 | 9,633 | June 2013 |
Chery QQ3 EV [105] [106] | Mar 2010 | 7,105 | June 2013 |
JAC J3 EV [106] [127] [108] | 2010 | 4,918 | June 2013 |
Renault Zoe [104] | Dec 2012 | 4,818 | June 2013 |
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV(2) | Dec 2011 | 4,627 | June 2013 |
Renault Fluence Z.E. [104] | 2011 | 3,518 | June 2013 |
Smart electric drive(3) | 2009 | > 3,100 | June 2013 |
BYD e6 [109] [110] [111] | May 2010 | 2,854 | June 2013 |
Tesla Roadster [112] [113] | Mar 2008 | ~ 2,500 | Dec 2012 |
Bolloré Bluecar [18] | Dec 2011 | 2,200 | June 2013 |
Notes: (1) The
REVAi/G-Wiz i and
REVA L-ion, with less than 5,000 units sold between 2001 and 2012 [128] is not included because it is considered a heavy quadricycle or NEV in some countries while a regular electric car in others. (2) Minicab includes combined sales of van and truck versions. [101] (3) Smart ED sales includes Germany, U.S., France, the Netherlands and Italy. [18] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] |
Top selling highway-capable electric cars and light utility vehicles produced since 2008 through June 2014(1) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model | Market launch |
Global sales |
Sales through |
Nissan Leaf [129] | Dec 2010 | ~ 120,000 | Jun 2014 |
Tesla Model S [102] [130] [131] [132] [133] | Jun 2012 | 39,163 | Jun 2014 |
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family [134] | Jul 2009 | 32,000 | Jul 2014 |
Renault Kangoo Z.E. [135] | Oct 2011 | 14,542 | Jun 2014 |
Renault Zoe [135] | Dec 2012 | 12,631 | Jun 2014 |
Chery QQ3 EV [105] [136] [137] | Mar 2010 | ~ 11,528 | Mar 2014 |
Smart electric drive(3) | 2009 | ~ 8,800 | Jun 2014 |
BMW i3 [138] [139] | Nov 2013 | 6,873 | Jun 2014 |
JAC J3 EV [137] [140] [141] [108] | 2010 | 6,731 | Mar 2014 |
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV(2) | Dec 2011 | 5,662 | Jun 2014 |
Kandi EV [142] | 2013 | 5,329 | Jun 2014 |
BYD e6(4) | May 2010 | 5,059 | Jun 2014 |
Volkswagen e-Up! [143] [144] | Oct 2013 | 4,952 | Jun 2014 |
Renault Fluence Z.E. [135] | 2011 | 3,894 | Jun 2014 |
Ford Focus Electric(5) | Dec 2011 | 3,327 | Jun 2014 |
Bolloré Bluecar [145] | Dec 2011 | 3,131 | Jun 2014 |
Tesla Roadster [112] [113] | Mar 2008 | ~ 2,500 | Dec 2012 |
Notes: (1) The
REVAi/G-Wiz i and
REVA L-ion, with about 4,600 units sold between 2001 and 2013 [146] is not included because it is considered a heavy quadricycle or NEV in some countries while a regular electric car in others. (2) Minicab includes combined sales of van and truck versions. [147] [148] (3) Smart ED sales includes over 2,300 units of the second generation registered through 2012, [149] and over 6,500 units of the third generation sold through June 2014. [150] [151] (4) Sales in main China only. [109] [110] [152] [153] (5) U.S. sales only. [116] [27] [154] [155] |
Comparison of the evolution of motorization rates in selected Brazilian cities between 2002 and 2012 (light-duty vehicles per 1000 people) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City | Motorization rate | Growth 2002-2012 |
Registered LDV fleet | Growth total fleet | ||
2002 | 2012 | 2002 | 2012 | |||
São Paulo | 346.7 | 488.3 | 40.8% | 3,675,101 | 5,555,393 | 61.3% |
Rio de Janeiro | 224.8 | 307.4 | 36.8% | 1,334,593 | 1,964,592 | 58.7% |
Salvador | 130.4 | 218.9 | 67.9% | 328,579 | 593,407 | 98.1% |
Brasília (DF) | 284.1 | 448.7 | 58.0% | 609,566 | 1,188,526 | 106.4% |
Fortaleza | 142.4 | 226.7 | 59.2% | 316,112 | 566,686 | 108.9% |
Belo Horizonte | 275.3 | 513.4 | 86.5% | 628,851 | 1,229,925 | 104.7% |
Curitiba | 399.5 | 626.4 | 56.8% | 657,068 | 1,112,875 | 77.1% |
Recife | 174.8 | 269.8 | 54.3% | 253,284 | 419,473 | 90.0% |
Porto Alegre | 312.1 | 441.1 | 41.3% | 431,799 | 624,852 | 53.5% |
Florianópolis | 359.3 | 524.6 | 46.0% | 129,568 | 227,232 | 88.6% |
Brazil | 148.8 | 258.9 | 73.9% | 25,993,155 | 50,209,194 | 122.1% |
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help page).
The following table compares out-of-pocket fuel costs estimated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency according to its official ratings for fuel economy ( miles per gallon gasoline equivalent in the case of plug-in electric vehicles) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA as of November 2016 [update], [1] [2] versus EPA rated most fuel efficient plug-in hybrid with long distance range ( Chevrolet Volt – second generation), gasoline-electric hybrid car ( Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation), [3] [4] [5] and EPA's average new 2016 vehicle, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp). [1] [3]
Comparison of fuel efficiency and costs for all the electric cars rated by the EPA for the U.S. market as of November 2016
[update] against EPA rated most fuel efficient plug-in hybrid, hybrid electric vehicle and 2016 average gasoline-powered car in the U.S. (Fuel economy and operating costs as displayed in the Monroney label) [1] [2] [6] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vehicle | Model year |
EPA rated Combined fuel economy |
EPA rated City fuel economy |
EPA rated Highway fuel economy |
Cost to drive 25 miles (40 km) |
Annual fuel cost |
Notes |
Hyundai Ioniq Electric [2] [7] | 2017 | 136 mpg-e (25 kW·h/100 mi 15.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
150 mpg-e (22 kW·h/100 mi 14 kW⋅h/100 km) |
122 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi 17.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.81 | $500 | (1) (4) |
BMW i3 (60 A·h) [8] [9] | 2014/15/16 | 124 mpg-e (27 kW·h/100 mi 16.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
137 mpg-e (25 kW·h/100 mi 15.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
111 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi 18.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.88 | $550 | (1) (3) (4) (5) |
Scion iQ EV [10] | 2013 | 121 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi 17.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
138 mpg-e (24 kW·h/100 mi 15.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
105 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.91 | $550 | (1) |
Chevrolet Bolt EV [11] | 2017 | 119 mpg-e (28 kW-h/100 mi 17.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
128 mpg-e (16.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
110 mpg-e (19 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.91 | $550 | |
Chevrolet Spark EV [12] | 2014/15/16 | 119 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi 17.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
128 mpg-e (26 kW·h/100 mi 16.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
109 mpg-e (31 kW·h/100 mi 19.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.91 | $550 | (1) |
BMW i3 (94 A·h) [8] | 2017 | 118 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi 17.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
129 mpg-e (16.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
106 mpg-e (19.8 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.94 | $550 | (1) |
Honda Fit EV [13] | 2013/14 | 118 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi 17.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
132 mpg-e (26 kW·h/100 mi 15.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
105 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.94 | $550 | (1) |
Fiat 500e [14] | 2013/14/15 | 116 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi 18.1 kW⋅h/100 km) |
122 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi 17.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
108 mpg-e (31 kW·h/100 mi 19.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.95 | $550 | (1) |
Volkswagen e-Golf [15] | 2015/16 | 116 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi 18.1 kW⋅h/100 km) |
126 mpg‑e (27 kW⋅h/100 mi; 16.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
105 mpg‑e (32 kW⋅h/100 mi; 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.95 | $550 | (1) |
Nissan Leaf (24 kW-h) [16] | 2013/14/15/16 | 114 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi; 18.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
126 mpg-e (27 kW·h/100 mi; 16.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
101 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.96 | $600 | (1) (6) |
Mitsubishi i [17] | 2012/13/14/16 | 112 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi; 18.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
126 mpg-e (27 kW·h/100 mi; 16.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
99 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.98 | $600 | (1) |
Nissan Leaf (30 kW-h) [16] | 2016 | 112 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi; 18.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
124 mpg‑e (27 kW⋅h/100 mi; 16.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
101 mpg‑e (33 kW⋅h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.97 | $600 | (1) |
Fiat 500e [18] | 2016 | 112 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi; 18.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
121 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi; 17.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
103 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 20.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.97 | $600 | (1) |
Smart electric drive [19] | 2013/14/15/16 | 107 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 19.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
122 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi; 17.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
93 mpg-e (36 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.02 | $600 | (1) (7) |
Kia Soul EV [20] | 2015/16 | 105 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
120 mpg‑e (28 kW⋅h/100 mi; 17 kW⋅h/100 km) |
92 mpg‑e (37 kW⋅h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.04 | $600 | (1) |
Ford Focus Electric [21] | 2012/13/14/15/16 | 105 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
110 mpg-e (31 kW·h/100 mi; 19 kW⋅h/100 km) |
99 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.04 | $600 | (1) |
Tesla Model S AWD - 70D [1] [22] | 2015/16 | 101 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
101 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
102 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.07 | $650 | (1) |
Tesla Model S AWD - 85D [1] [23] | 2015/16 | 100 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
95 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
106 mpg‑e (32 kW⋅h/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km) |
$1.10 | $650 | (1) (8) |
Tesla Model S AWD - 90D [1] [22] | 2015/16 | 100 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
95 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
106 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 19.8 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.10 | $650 | (1) |
Tesla Model S (60 kW·h) [1] [22] | 2014/15/16 | 95 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
94 mpg-e (36 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
97 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.14 | $700 | (1) |
Tesla Model S AWD - P85D [1] [23] | 2015/16 | 93 mpg-e (36 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
98 mpg‑e (34 kW⋅h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.17 | $700 | (1) (8) |
Tesla Model S AWD - P90D [1] [22] | 2015/16 | 93 mpg-e (36 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
98 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.17 | $700 | (1) |
Tesla Model X AWD – 90D [24] | 2016 | 92 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
90 mpg-e (37 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
94 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.20 | $700 | (1) |
Tesla Model X AWD – P90D [24] | 2016 | 89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
90 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.23 | $750 | (1) |
Tesla Model S (85 kW·h) [25] | 2012/13/14/15 | 89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
88 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
90 mpg-e (37 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.23 | $750 | (1) |
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive [26] | 2014/15/16 | 84 mpg-e (40 kW·h/100 mi; 25 kW⋅h/100 km) |
85 mpg-e (40 kW·h/100 mi; 25 kW⋅h/100 km) |
83 mpg-e (41 kW·h/100 mi; 25 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.30 | $800 | (1) |
Toyota RAV4 EV [27] | 2012/13/14 | 76 mpg-e (44 kW·h/100 mi; 28 kW⋅h/100 km) |
78 mpg-e (43 kW·h/100 mi; 27 kW⋅h/100 km) |
74 mpg-e (46 kW·h/100 mi; 28 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.43 | $850 | (1) |
BYD e6 [1] [28] | 2012/13/14/15/16 | 63 mpg-e (54 kW·h/100 mi; 33 kW⋅h/100 km) |
61 mpg-e (55 kW·h/100 mi; 34 kW⋅h/100 km) |
65 mpg-e (52 kW·h/100 mi; 32 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.76 | $1,050 | (1) |
Second gen Chevrolet Volt
[1]
[29]
[30] Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) Electricity only/ gasoline only |
2016 | 106 mpg-e (31 kW·h/100 mi; 19.8 kW⋅h/100 km) 42 mpg |
113 mpg-e (30 kW⋅h/100 mi; 18.5 kW⋅h/100 km) 43 mpg |
99 mpg-e (34 kW⋅h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) 42 mpg |
$1.01/$1.23 | $650 | (1) (2) (9) |
2016
Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)
[4] Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Gasoline-electric hybrid |
2016 | 56 mpg | 58 mpg | 53 mpg | $0.92 | $550 | (2) (10) |
Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0L
[1]
[31] Gasoline-powered (Average new vehicle) |
2016 | 25 mpg | 22 mpg | 31 mpg | $2.06 | $1,250 | (2) (11) |
Notes: All estimated fuel costs based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city (1) Values rounded to the nearest $50. Electricity cost of $0.13/kW·h (as of 18 November 2016
[update]). Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h. |
As of January 2015 [update], the Costa Rican stock of electric drive vehicles consisted of 477 hybrid electric vehicles and 2,229 electric vehicles. Plug-in car sales totaled 108 units in 2016. [1] The top selling model was the Outlander P-HEV with 60 units. [1]
In 2006 electric cars were exempted from the consumption tax, while conventional vehicles faced a 30% rate. In October 2012, electric cars were exempted from San José's driving restriction. [2] EVs were exempted from import duties and the government agreed to deploy charging stations in strategic locations in San José. [3]
The first electric car to go on sale was the REVAi, introduced in March 2009. The REVAi, powered by lead–acid batteries, sold 10 units. [4] The Mitsubishi i MiEV was launched in February 2011, with initial availability of 25 to 50 units. [5] [6] [7]
white | grey | pink | lilac | purple |
red | orange | yellow | green | blue |
red+ | orange+ | yellow+ | green+ | blue+ |
In January 2013 the Costa Rican Ministry of Environment and Energy deployed 200 electric SUVs for use as "green taxis." Electric/hybrid cars sold in Costa Rica include the BYD Qin (November 2013), [8] [9] Mitsubishi Outlander (March 2015) [10] and BMW i3 (September 2016). [11]
Plug-in electric vehicle market penetration per 1,000 people in top selling PEV countries as of September 2013 [update] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | PEV fleet |
Population as of 1 July 2013 [update] [12] (millions) |
PEV market penetration |
Comments | Evolution of EV market share of total new car sales | ||
2011 | 2012 | 2013 [13] | |||||
United States [14] [15] [16] [17] | 141,543 | 320.05 | 0.44 | Sales between 2008 and September 2013. Includes only plug-in electric cars. |
0.14% | 0.37% | 0.58% |
Japan | 62,590 | 127.14 | 0.49 | Sales since July 2009 through September 2013. Includes plug-in electric cars and all-electric utility vans. |
0.16% | ||
China | 39,800 | 1,386.57 | 0.03 | Sales through June 2013 Includes all-electric buses. |
0.050% | ||
France [18] | 24,772 | 64.29 | 0.39 | Registrations between 2010 and September 2013 Includes only all-electric cars and utility vans. |
0.30% | 0.48% | |
Norway [19] [20] | 15,502 | 5.04 | 3.07 | Registrations between 2008 and September 2013 Includes plug-in electric cars and some city cars, particularly before 2011. |
2.275% | 4.02% | |
Netherlands [21] [22] | 12,309 | 16.76 | 0.73 | Registrations between 2009 and September 2013. Includes plug-in cars and all-electric commercial vans. |
0.570% | 0.82% | |
Germany [23] [24] | 10,446 | 82.73 | 0.13 | Sales between 2010 and September 2013. Includes plug-in electric cars and all-electric utility vans. |
0.105% | 0.19% | |
United Kingdom | 7,285 | 63.14 | 0.12 | Registrations between 2006 and June 2013. Until 2010 includes all-electric cars and heavy quadricycles. From 2011 on includes only plug-in electric cars and all-electric utility vans. |
0.084% | 0.14% | |
Canada [25] | 4,738 | 35.18 | 0.13 | Sales between 2011 and September 2013. Includes only plug-in electric cars. |
NA | ||
Sweden | 2,632 | 9.57 | 0.27 | Sales between 2010 and September 2013. Includes only plug-in electric cars. |
0.33% | 0.56% | |
Total top markets(1) | 321,617 | - | 0.15 | September 2013 | |||
Note (1) Plug-in electric vehicle fleets include only highway-capable vehicles except where noted in comments. |
Top selling highway-capable plug-in electric cars and light utility vehicles produced since 2008 through September 2013(1) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model | Market launch |
Global sales |
Sales through |
Renault-Nissan Alliance | 112,285 | Sept 2013 | |
General Motors | 60,000 | Sept 2013 | |
Toyota Motor Company | 40,000 | Sept 2013 | |
Mitsubishi Motors | 36,500 | Sept 2013 | |
Tesla Motors | 19,500 | Sept 2013 | |
Ford Motor Company | 12,355 | Sept 2013 | |
Volvo | 2,500 | Sept 2013 | |
Total | |||
Notes: (1) |
The following table presents retail sales of the Volt/Ampera family through December 2013 for the top selling national markets by year since deliveries began in December 2010. Demonstration vehicles allocated to dealerships are not included in retail sales reports while they are used for test drives.
Registration of Chevrolet Volt family vehicles by top national markets between 2010 and 2013 (includes Chevrolet Volt and Opel/Vauxhall Ampera sales) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Total Volt/Ampera family 2010-2013 |
Cumulative sales 2010-2013 |
Total sales 2013 |
Total sales 2012 |
Total sales 2011 |
Total sales 2010 | ||||
Volt | Ampera | Volt | Ampera | Volt | Ampera | Volt | Ampera | Volt | ||
United States [14] [26] [27] | 54,552 | 54,552 | n.a. | 23,094 | n.a. | 23,461 | n.a. | 7,671 | n.a. | 326 |
Netherlands [28] [29] [30] | 5,980 | 1,058 | 4,922 | 745 | 2,218 | 306 | 2,696 | 7 | 8 | n.a. |
Canada [31] | 2,431 | 2,431 | n.a. | 931 | n.a. | 1,225 | n.a. | 275 | n.a. | |
Germany [32] [23] [33] | 1,477 | 73 | 1,404 | 25 | 335 | 23 | 828 | 25 | 241 | |
UK [34] [35] [36] [37] | 699(1) | 90 | 609 | 23 | 150 | 67 | 455 | n.a. | 4 | |
Switzerland [38] | 535 | 189 | 346 | 71 | 73 | 92 | 258 | 26 | 15 | |
France [39] [40] | 304 | 57 | 247 | 15 | 57 | 42 | 190 | n.a. | ||
Belgium [41] [42] | 241 | 40 | 201 | 3 | 31 | 37 | 170 | n.a. | ||
Norway [43] [20] | 230 | 1 | 229 | 0 | 88 | 1 | 141 | n.a. | ||
Austria [44] | 226 | 19 | 207 | 4 | 42 | 15 | 165 | n.a. | ||
Australia [45] [46] | 181 | 181 | n.a. | 101 | n.a. | 80 | n.a. | n.a. | ||
Sweden [47] [48] | 149 | 40 | 109 | 7 | 21 | 33 | 88 | n.a. | ||
Total top markets | 67,005 | 58,731 | 8,274 | 25,019 | 3,015 | 25,382 | 4,991 | 8,004 | 268 | 326 |
Notes: n.a. = Model not available in that market. (1) Sales in the UK through June 2013. |
As of June 2014
[update], with combined global sales of over 77,000 units, the Volt/Ampera family of vehicles is the world's second best selling
plug-in electric car ever, after the
Nissan Leaf, which has sold about 125,000 units worldwide by early July 2014.
[49]
[50] The Volt/Ampera family was the world's best selling plug-in electric car in 2012 with 31,400 units sold, and ranked in the 432nd place among all models sold worldwide in 2012.
[51]
[52] The Opel/Vauxhall Ampera was Europe's top selling plug-in electric car in 2012 with 5,268 units, representing a market share of 21.5% of the region's plug-in electric passenger car segment.
[53]
[54] However, during 2013 Ampera sales fell 40%, and the declining trend continued during the first half of 2014.
[55]
As of June 2014 [update], global Volt/Ampera family sales are led by the Chevrolet Volt, with the United States as the main market with 63,167 units sold, [56] followed by Canada with 3,262 units, [31] and the Netherlands with 1,060 Volts delivered. [57] A total of 9,189 Opel/Vauxhall Amperas have been sold in Europe through June 2014, [53] [55] [58] with registrations led by the Netherlands with 4,942 units, [57] followed by Germany with 1,450 units sold. [32] [23] [33] [59]
The following tables present retail sales of the Volt and Ampera varinats through June 2014 for the top selling national markets by year since deliveries began in December 2010. Demonstration vehicles allocated to dealerships are not included in retail sales reports while they are used for test drives.
Registration/sales of Chevrolet/Holden Volt vehicles by top national markets between 2010 and June 2014 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Total 2010-2014(1) |
Total 2014(1) |
Total 2013 |
Total 2012 |
Total 2011 |
Total 2010 |
United States [56] [14] [26] [27] | 63,167 | 8,615 | 23,094 | 23,461 | 7,671 | 326 |
Canada [31] | 3,262 | 831 | 931 | 1,225 | 275 | n.a. |
Netherlands [57] [28] [60] | 1,060 | 2 | 745 | 306 | 7 | |
Switzerland [61] | 223 | 34 | 71 | 92 | 26 | |
Australia [45] [46] [62] | 216 | 35 | 101 | 80 | n.a. | |
UK [34] [35] [36] [37] | 90(2) | - | 23(2) | 67 | n.a. | |
Germany [32] [23] [33] [59] | 73 | 0 | 25 | 23 | 25 | |
France [39] [40] [63] | 57 | 0 | 15 | 42 | n.a. | |
Belgium [41] [42] [64] | 40 | 0 | 3 | 37 | n.a. | |
Sweden [47] [48] [65] | 40 | 0 | 7 | 33 | n.a. | |
Total top markets | 68,228 | 9,517 | 25,015 | 25,366 | 8,004 | 326 |
Notes: (1) CYTD: current year-to-date sales through June 2014. (2) Sales in the UK through June 2013. |
Registration/sales of Opel/Vauxhall Ampera vehicles by top national markets between 2011 and June 2014 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Total 2011-2014(1) |
Total 2014(1) |
Total 2013 |
Total 2012 |
Total 2011 |
Netherlands [57] [28] [60] | 4,942 | 20 | 2,218 | 2,696 | 8 |
Germany [32] [23] [33] [59] | 1,450 | 46 | 335 | 828 | 241 |
UK [34] [35] [36] [37] | 609(2) | - | 150(2) | 455 | 4 |
Switzerland [61] | 390 | 44 | 73 | 258 | 15 |
France [39] [40] [63] | 367 | 120 | 57 | 190 | n.a. |
Norway [43] [20] [66] | 244 | 15 | 88 | 141 | n.a. |
Belgium [41] [42] [67] | 206 | 5 | 31 | 170 | n.a. |
Austria [44] [68] | 225 | 18 | 42 | 165 | n.a. |
Sweden [47] [48] [65] | 122 | 13 | 21 | 88 | n.a. |
Total top markets | 8,544 | 270 | 3,015 | 4,991 | 268 |
Total global sales [53] [55] [58] | 9,189 | 433 | 3,184 | 5,268 | 304 |
Notes: (1) CYTD: current year-to-date sales through June 2014. (2) Sales in the UK through June 2013. |
Plug-in hybrid global sales and top markets by country or region between December 2008 and 2012 CYTD(1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | All-electric range |
Market launch |
Global sales | Top selling markets | ||
Country | Sales | Comment | ||||
Chevrolet Volt/ Opel Ampera/ Vauxhall Ampera |
35 mi (56 km) | December 2010 | More than 33,000 |
United States | 27,306 | Chevrolet Volts sold through October 2012. [69] [70] [71] |
Netherlands | 2,416 | 2,175 Amperas and 241 Volts sold through October 2012. [72] [73] | ||||
Canada | 1,350 | Chevrolet Volts sold through October 2012. [74] | ||||
Germany | 1,060 | 1,012 Amperas and 48 Volts sold through October 2012. [32] [23] | ||||
United Kingdom | 414 | 361 Amperas and 53 Volts sold through September 2012. [34] [75] | ||||
Switzerland | 356 | 253 Amperas and 103 Volts sold through October 2012. [76] | ||||
Toyota Prius PHV | 11 mi (18 km) | January 2012 | 21,600 [77] | United States | 9,623 | Sales through October 2012. [71] |
Japan | 9,500 | Sales through October 2012. [77] | ||||
Europe | 1,820 | Sales through September 2012. [78] | ||||
Fisker Karma | 32 mi (51 km) | November 2011 | Around 1,500 | United States and Europe. Sales by September 2012. [79] | ||
BYD F3DM | 60 mi (97 km) | December 2008 | Over 1,000 | China. Sales through October 2011. [80] | ||
Ford C-Max Energi | 21 mi (34 km) | October 2012 | 144 | United States. Sales through October 2012. [71] | ||
Total global plug-in hybrid sales (1): Sales from December 2008 through October 2012 |
More than 57,000 | United States | More than 38,000 | Sales through October 2012. | ||
Japan | 9,500 | Sales through October 2012. | ||||
Europe | More than 8,000 | Sales through October 2012. | ||||
China | More than 1,000 | Sales through October 2011. |
Volt/Ampera Family Production (2010-2012) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model | Total 2010-12 |
2012(1) | 2011 | 2010 |
Chevrolet Volt | 38,416 | 22,687 | 14,510 | 1,219 |
Opel Ampera | 9,230 | 6,625 | 2,605 | - |
Total production | 47,646 | 29,312 | 17,115 | 1,219 |
Production by model year (MY) | ||||
Model | Total(1) | MY 2013 | MY 2012 | MY 2011 |
Chevrolet Volt | 38,416 | 12,629 | 21,299 | 4,488 |
Opel Ampera | 9,230 | 2,093 | 7,137 | - |
Total production | 47,646 | 14,722 | 28,436 | 4,488 |
Source: General Motors. [81] [82] [83] Note: (1): CYTD through November 2012. |
A total of 83,000 Leafs have been sold worldwide through September 2013. [84] The following table presents retail sales since deliveries of the Nissan Leaf began in December 2010 for the top selling national markets by year through September 2013.
Nissan Leaf sales by top national markets between 2010 and 2013 CYTD(1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Total | 2013 CYTD(1) |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
United States [14] [15] [16] [17] | 35,588 | 16,076 | 9,819 | 9,674 | 19 |
Japan [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] | 30,000 | 8,556 | 11,115 | 10,310 | 19 |
Norway [19] [20] | 5,710 | 3,039 | 2,298 | 373 | |
UK(2) [89] [37] | 2,159 | 825 | 699 | 635 | |
France [18] | 1,565 | 958 | 524 | 83 | |
Germany [23] [24] | 1,172 | 721 | 451 | ||
Netherlands [21] [22] | 860 | 301 | 265 | 294 | |
Canada [25] | 792 | 382 | 240 | 170 | |
Spain [90] [91] [92] | 376 | 163 | 154 | 59 | |
Italy [93] [94] [95] | 375 | 224 | 146 | 5 | |
Sweden [96] [97] | 347 | 218 | 129 | ||
Total top markets(1) | 78,944 | 31,463 | 25,840 | 21,603 | 38 |
Note (1) CYTD: Calendar year to day, as of September 30, 2013. (2) UK sales through June 2013. |
Market share of 2012 global sales of highway-capable BEVs and PHEVs by country [98] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All-electric cars | Plug-in hybrid cars | ||||||||
Ranking | Country | Market share(1) |
Ranking | Country | Market share(1) | ||||
1 | Japan | 28% | 1 | United States | 70% | ||||
2 | United States | 26% | 2 | Japan | 12% | ||||
3 | China | 16% | 3 | Netherlands | 8% | ||||
4 | France | 11% | 4 | Canada | 2% | ||||
5 | Norway | 7% | 5 | China | 2% | ||||
Note: (1) Market share as % total global sales of pure electric cars or plug-in hybrids. |
Plug-in electric car market penetration in 20 selected European countries
[99] (Total registrations during 2011 and 2012) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ranking | Country | PEV market share(1) (%) |
PEVs registered 2011-12(1) |
Total vehicle registrations |
Ranking | Country | PEV market share(1) (%) |
PEVs registered 2011-12(1) |
Total vehicle registrations |
1 | Norway | 2.275% | 6,287 | 276,312 | 11 | Czech Republic | 0.146% | 507 | 347,291 |
2 | Estonia | 1.723% | 562 | 32,617 | 12 | Slovakia | 0.110% | 156 | 142,099 |
3 | Portugal | 0.905% | 2,250 | 248,713 | 13 | Belgium | 0.108% | 1,148 | 1,058,948 |
4 | Austria | 0.711% | 4,924 | 692,155 | 14 | Germany | 0.105% | 6,553 | 6,256,138 |
5 | Netherlands | 0.570% | 6,030 | 1,058,390 | 15 | United Kingdom | 0.084% | 3,342 | 3,985,862 |
6 | Poland | 0.2980% | 1,640 | 551,016 | 16 | Spain | 0.057% | 863 | 1,507,640 |
7 | Denmark | 0.290% | 987 | 340,799 | 17 | Latvia | 0.051% | 13 | 25,636 |
8 | Switzerland | 0.227% | 1,472 | 647,097 | 18 | Bulgaria | 0.036% | 14 | 38,541 |
9 | France | 0.219% | 8,989 | 4,102,989 | 19 | Hungary | 0.035% | 34 | 98,162 |
10 | Sweden | 0.193% | 1,128 | 584,883 | 20 | Greece | 0.001% | 2 | 156,164 |
Note (1) Market penetration of highway-capable plug-in electric passenger cars, only includes pure electric cars and plug-in hybrids. |
Top selling highway-capable plug-in electric cars and light utility vehicles produced since 2008 through September 2013(1) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model | Market launch |
Global sales |
Sales through |
Nissan Leaf [84] | Dec 2010 | 83,000 | Sept 2013 |
Chevrolet Volt | Dec 2010 | 60,000 | Sept 2013 |
Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid | Dec 2010 | 40,000 | Sept 2013 |
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family [100] [101] | Jul 2009 | 26,000 | Sept 2013 |
Tesla Model S [102] [103] | Jun 2012 | 18,200 | Sept 2013 |
Renault Kangoo Z.E. [104] | Oct 2011 | 11,069 | Sept 2013 |
Chery QQ3 EV [105] [106] | Mar 2010 | 7,105 | June 2013 |
Ford C-Max Energi | Oct 2012 | 6,796 | Sept 2013 |
Renault Zoe [104] | Dec 2012 | 6,594 | Sept 2013 |
Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV | Jan 2013 | 5,865 | Sept 2013 |
JAC J3 EV [106] [107] [108] | 2010 | 4,918 | June 2013 |
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV(2) | Dec 2011 | 4,814 | Aug 2013 |
Smart electric drive(3) | 2009 | 4,387 | Sept 2013 |
Renault Fluence Z.E. [104] | 2011 | 3,715 | Sept 2013 |
Ford Fusion Energi | Feb 2013 | 3,401 | Sept 2013 |
BYD F3DM | Dec 2008 | 2,948 | June 2013 |
BYD e6 [109] [110] [111] | May 2010 | 2,854 | June 2013 |
Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid | Nov 2012 | 2,508 | Sept 2013 |
Tesla Roadster [112] [113] | Mar 2008 | ~ 2,500 | Dec 2012 |
Bolloré Bluecar [18] | Dec 2011 | 2,300 | Sept 2013 |
Ford Focus Electric | Dec 2011 | 2,174 | Sept 2013 |
Fisker Karma | Nov 2011 | ~ 2,100 | Sept 2013 |
Notes: (1) The
REVAi/G-Wiz i and
REVA L-ion, with less than 5,000 units sold between 2001 and 2012 [114] is not included because it is considered a heavy quadricycle or NEV in some countries while a regular electric car in others. (2) Minicab includes combined sales of van and truck versions. [101] (3) Smart ED sales includes Germany, U.S., France, the Netherlands and Italy. [18] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] Total top selling > 2K = 303,250 |
Top selling highway-capable electric cars and light utility vehicles produced since 2008 through June 2013(1) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model | Market launch |
Global sales |
Sales through |
Nissan Leaf [124] [125] [126] | Dec 2010 | > 69,000 | June 2013 |
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family [100] [101] | Jul 2009 | ~ 25,600 | June 2013 |
Tesla Model S [102] | Jun 2012 | 12,700 | June 2013 |
Renault Kangoo Z.E. [104] | Oct 2011 | 9,633 | June 2013 |
Chery QQ3 EV [105] [106] | Mar 2010 | 7,105 | June 2013 |
JAC J3 EV [106] [127] [108] | 2010 | 4,918 | June 2013 |
Renault Zoe [104] | Dec 2012 | 4,818 | June 2013 |
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV(2) | Dec 2011 | 4,627 | June 2013 |
Renault Fluence Z.E. [104] | 2011 | 3,518 | June 2013 |
Smart electric drive(3) | 2009 | > 3,100 | June 2013 |
BYD e6 [109] [110] [111] | May 2010 | 2,854 | June 2013 |
Tesla Roadster [112] [113] | Mar 2008 | ~ 2,500 | Dec 2012 |
Bolloré Bluecar [18] | Dec 2011 | 2,200 | June 2013 |
Notes: (1) The
REVAi/G-Wiz i and
REVA L-ion, with less than 5,000 units sold between 2001 and 2012 [128] is not included because it is considered a heavy quadricycle or NEV in some countries while a regular electric car in others. (2) Minicab includes combined sales of van and truck versions. [101] (3) Smart ED sales includes Germany, U.S., France, the Netherlands and Italy. [18] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] |
Top selling highway-capable electric cars and light utility vehicles produced since 2008 through June 2014(1) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model | Market launch |
Global sales |
Sales through |
Nissan Leaf [129] | Dec 2010 | ~ 120,000 | Jun 2014 |
Tesla Model S [102] [130] [131] [132] [133] | Jun 2012 | 39,163 | Jun 2014 |
Mitsubishi i-MiEV family [134] | Jul 2009 | 32,000 | Jul 2014 |
Renault Kangoo Z.E. [135] | Oct 2011 | 14,542 | Jun 2014 |
Renault Zoe [135] | Dec 2012 | 12,631 | Jun 2014 |
Chery QQ3 EV [105] [136] [137] | Mar 2010 | ~ 11,528 | Mar 2014 |
Smart electric drive(3) | 2009 | ~ 8,800 | Jun 2014 |
BMW i3 [138] [139] | Nov 2013 | 6,873 | Jun 2014 |
JAC J3 EV [137] [140] [141] [108] | 2010 | 6,731 | Mar 2014 |
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV(2) | Dec 2011 | 5,662 | Jun 2014 |
Kandi EV [142] | 2013 | 5,329 | Jun 2014 |
BYD e6(4) | May 2010 | 5,059 | Jun 2014 |
Volkswagen e-Up! [143] [144] | Oct 2013 | 4,952 | Jun 2014 |
Renault Fluence Z.E. [135] | 2011 | 3,894 | Jun 2014 |
Ford Focus Electric(5) | Dec 2011 | 3,327 | Jun 2014 |
Bolloré Bluecar [145] | Dec 2011 | 3,131 | Jun 2014 |
Tesla Roadster [112] [113] | Mar 2008 | ~ 2,500 | Dec 2012 |
Notes: (1) The
REVAi/G-Wiz i and
REVA L-ion, with about 4,600 units sold between 2001 and 2013 [146] is not included because it is considered a heavy quadricycle or NEV in some countries while a regular electric car in others. (2) Minicab includes combined sales of van and truck versions. [147] [148] (3) Smart ED sales includes over 2,300 units of the second generation registered through 2012, [149] and over 6,500 units of the third generation sold through June 2014. [150] [151] (4) Sales in main China only. [109] [110] [152] [153] (5) U.S. sales only. [116] [27] [154] [155] |
Comparison of the evolution of motorization rates in selected Brazilian cities between 2002 and 2012 (light-duty vehicles per 1000 people) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City | Motorization rate | Growth 2002-2012 |
Registered LDV fleet | Growth total fleet | ||
2002 | 2012 | 2002 | 2012 | |||
São Paulo | 346.7 | 488.3 | 40.8% | 3,675,101 | 5,555,393 | 61.3% |
Rio de Janeiro | 224.8 | 307.4 | 36.8% | 1,334,593 | 1,964,592 | 58.7% |
Salvador | 130.4 | 218.9 | 67.9% | 328,579 | 593,407 | 98.1% |
Brasília (DF) | 284.1 | 448.7 | 58.0% | 609,566 | 1,188,526 | 106.4% |
Fortaleza | 142.4 | 226.7 | 59.2% | 316,112 | 566,686 | 108.9% |
Belo Horizonte | 275.3 | 513.4 | 86.5% | 628,851 | 1,229,925 | 104.7% |
Curitiba | 399.5 | 626.4 | 56.8% | 657,068 | 1,112,875 | 77.1% |
Recife | 174.8 | 269.8 | 54.3% | 253,284 | 419,473 | 90.0% |
Porto Alegre | 312.1 | 441.1 | 41.3% | 431,799 | 624,852 | 53.5% |
Florianópolis | 359.3 | 524.6 | 46.0% | 129,568 | 227,232 | 88.6% |
Brazil | 148.8 | 258.9 | 73.9% | 25,993,155 | 50,209,194 | 122.1% |
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The following table compares out-of-pocket fuel costs estimated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency according to its official ratings for fuel economy ( miles per gallon gasoline equivalent in the case of plug-in electric vehicles) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA as of November 2016 [update], [1] [2] versus EPA rated most fuel efficient plug-in hybrid with long distance range ( Chevrolet Volt – second generation), gasoline-electric hybrid car ( Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation), [3] [4] [5] and EPA's average new 2016 vehicle, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp). [1] [3]
Comparison of fuel efficiency and costs for all the electric cars rated by the EPA for the U.S. market as of November 2016
[update] against EPA rated most fuel efficient plug-in hybrid, hybrid electric vehicle and 2016 average gasoline-powered car in the U.S. (Fuel economy and operating costs as displayed in the Monroney label) [1] [2] [6] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vehicle | Model year |
EPA rated Combined fuel economy |
EPA rated City fuel economy |
EPA rated Highway fuel economy |
Cost to drive 25 miles (40 km) |
Annual fuel cost |
Notes |
Hyundai Ioniq Electric [2] [7] | 2017 | 136 mpg-e (25 kW·h/100 mi 15.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
150 mpg-e (22 kW·h/100 mi 14 kW⋅h/100 km) |
122 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi 17.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.81 | $500 | (1) (4) |
BMW i3 (60 A·h) [8] [9] | 2014/15/16 | 124 mpg-e (27 kW·h/100 mi 16.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
137 mpg-e (25 kW·h/100 mi 15.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
111 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi 18.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.88 | $550 | (1) (3) (4) (5) |
Scion iQ EV [10] | 2013 | 121 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi 17.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
138 mpg-e (24 kW·h/100 mi 15.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
105 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.91 | $550 | (1) |
Chevrolet Bolt EV [11] | 2017 | 119 mpg-e (28 kW-h/100 mi 17.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
128 mpg-e (16.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
110 mpg-e (19 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.91 | $550 | |
Chevrolet Spark EV [12] | 2014/15/16 | 119 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi 17.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
128 mpg-e (26 kW·h/100 mi 16.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
109 mpg-e (31 kW·h/100 mi 19.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.91 | $550 | (1) |
BMW i3 (94 A·h) [8] | 2017 | 118 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi 17.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
129 mpg-e (16.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
106 mpg-e (19.8 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.94 | $550 | (1) |
Honda Fit EV [13] | 2013/14 | 118 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi 17.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
132 mpg-e (26 kW·h/100 mi 15.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
105 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.94 | $550 | (1) |
Fiat 500e [14] | 2013/14/15 | 116 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi 18.1 kW⋅h/100 km) |
122 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi 17.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
108 mpg-e (31 kW·h/100 mi 19.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.95 | $550 | (1) |
Volkswagen e-Golf [15] | 2015/16 | 116 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi 18.1 kW⋅h/100 km) |
126 mpg‑e (27 kW⋅h/100 mi; 16.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
105 mpg‑e (32 kW⋅h/100 mi; 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.95 | $550 | (1) |
Nissan Leaf (24 kW-h) [16] | 2013/14/15/16 | 114 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi; 18.4 kW⋅h/100 km) |
126 mpg-e (27 kW·h/100 mi; 16.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
101 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.96 | $600 | (1) (6) |
Mitsubishi i [17] | 2012/13/14/16 | 112 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi; 18.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
126 mpg-e (27 kW·h/100 mi; 16.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
99 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.98 | $600 | (1) |
Nissan Leaf (30 kW-h) [16] | 2016 | 112 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi; 18.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
124 mpg‑e (27 kW⋅h/100 mi; 16.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
101 mpg‑e (33 kW⋅h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.97 | $600 | (1) |
Fiat 500e [18] | 2016 | 112 mpg-e (30 kW·h/100 mi; 18.7 kW⋅h/100 km) |
121 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi; 17.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
103 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 20.3 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$0.97 | $600 | (1) |
Smart electric drive [19] | 2013/14/15/16 | 107 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 19.6 kW⋅h/100 km) |
122 mpg-e (28 kW·h/100 mi; 17.2 kW⋅h/100 km) |
93 mpg-e (36 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.02 | $600 | (1) (7) |
Kia Soul EV [20] | 2015/16 | 105 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
120 mpg‑e (28 kW⋅h/100 mi; 17 kW⋅h/100 km) |
92 mpg‑e (37 kW⋅h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.04 | $600 | (1) |
Ford Focus Electric [21] | 2012/13/14/15/16 | 105 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 19.9 kW⋅h/100 km) |
110 mpg-e (31 kW·h/100 mi; 19 kW⋅h/100 km) |
99 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.04 | $600 | (1) |
Tesla Model S AWD - 70D [1] [22] | 2015/16 | 101 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
101 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
102 mpg-e (33 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.07 | $650 | (1) |
Tesla Model S AWD - 85D [1] [23] | 2015/16 | 100 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
95 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
106 mpg‑e (32 kW⋅h/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km) |
$1.10 | $650 | (1) (8) |
Tesla Model S AWD - 90D [1] [22] | 2015/16 | 100 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
95 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
106 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 19.8 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.10 | $650 | (1) |
Tesla Model S (60 kW·h) [1] [22] | 2014/15/16 | 95 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
94 mpg-e (36 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
97 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.14 | $700 | (1) |
Tesla Model S AWD - P85D [1] [23] | 2015/16 | 93 mpg-e (36 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
98 mpg‑e (34 kW⋅h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.17 | $700 | (1) (8) |
Tesla Model S AWD - P90D [1] [22] | 2015/16 | 93 mpg-e (36 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
98 mpg-e (35 kW·h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.17 | $700 | (1) |
Tesla Model X AWD – 90D [24] | 2016 | 92 mpg-e (34 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
90 mpg-e (37 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
94 mpg-e (32 kW·h/100 mi; 22 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.20 | $700 | (1) |
Tesla Model X AWD – P90D [24] | 2016 | 89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
90 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.23 | $750 | (1) |
Tesla Model S (85 kW·h) [25] | 2012/13/14/15 | 89 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
88 mpg-e (38 kW·h/100 mi; 24 kW⋅h/100 km) |
90 mpg-e (37 kW·h/100 mi; 23 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.23 | $750 | (1) |
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive [26] | 2014/15/16 | 84 mpg-e (40 kW·h/100 mi; 25 kW⋅h/100 km) |
85 mpg-e (40 kW·h/100 mi; 25 kW⋅h/100 km) |
83 mpg-e (41 kW·h/100 mi; 25 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.30 | $800 | (1) |
Toyota RAV4 EV [27] | 2012/13/14 | 76 mpg-e (44 kW·h/100 mi; 28 kW⋅h/100 km) |
78 mpg-e (43 kW·h/100 mi; 27 kW⋅h/100 km) |
74 mpg-e (46 kW·h/100 mi; 28 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.43 | $850 | (1) |
BYD e6 [1] [28] | 2012/13/14/15/16 | 63 mpg-e (54 kW·h/100 mi; 33 kW⋅h/100 km) |
61 mpg-e (55 kW·h/100 mi; 34 kW⋅h/100 km) |
65 mpg-e (52 kW·h/100 mi; 32 kW⋅h/100 km) |
$1.76 | $1,050 | (1) |
Second gen Chevrolet Volt
[1]
[29]
[30] Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) Electricity only/ gasoline only |
2016 | 106 mpg-e (31 kW·h/100 mi; 19.8 kW⋅h/100 km) 42 mpg |
113 mpg-e (30 kW⋅h/100 mi; 18.5 kW⋅h/100 km) 43 mpg |
99 mpg-e (34 kW⋅h/100 mi; 21 kW⋅h/100 km) 42 mpg |
$1.01/$1.23 | $650 | (1) (2) (9) |
2016
Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)
[4] Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Gasoline-electric hybrid |
2016 | 56 mpg | 58 mpg | 53 mpg | $0.92 | $550 | (2) (10) |
Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0L
[1]
[31] Gasoline-powered (Average new vehicle) |
2016 | 25 mpg | 22 mpg | 31 mpg | $2.06 | $1,250 | (2) (11) |
Notes: All estimated fuel costs based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city (1) Values rounded to the nearest $50. Electricity cost of $0.13/kW·h (as of 18 November 2016
[update]). Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h. |