From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A geographic information system [1] (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [2] [3] Much of this often happens within a spatial database, however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [2] In a broader sense, one may consider such a system also to include human users and support staff, procedures and workflows, the body of knowledge of relevant concepts and methods, and institutional organizations.

  1. ^ "What is GIS?".
  2. ^ a b DeMers, Michael (2009). Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, inc. ISBN  978-0-470-12906-7.
  3. ^ Chang, Kang-tsung (2016). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 1. ISBN  978-1-259-92964-9.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A geographic information system [1] (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [2] [3] Much of this often happens within a spatial database, however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [2] In a broader sense, one may consider such a system also to include human users and support staff, procedures and workflows, the body of knowledge of relevant concepts and methods, and institutional organizations.

  1. ^ "What is GIS?".
  2. ^ a b DeMers, Michael (2009). Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, inc. ISBN  978-0-470-12906-7.
  3. ^ Chang, Kang-tsung (2016). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 1. ISBN  978-1-259-92964-9.

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