Most cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
This article also lists cities of Turkey, Cyprus, and republics of the former Soviet Union that are in Europe. This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.
A
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Aabenraa | Åbenrå (Danish, Swedish) *, Apenrade (German) *, Abenra - Абенра (Macedonian) |
| Aachen | Aachen (Bahasa Indonesia *, Danish *, Estonian *, Finnish *, Gaelic *, German *, Hungarian *, Interlingua *, Norwegian *, Romanian *, Slovak *, Slovenian *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Āhene (Latvian) *, Aix-la-Chapelle (French) *, Aken (Dutch) *, Akwizgran (Polish) *, Ακυίσγρανον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Aoke (Limburgish) *, Aquae Grani or Aquisgranum (Latin) *, Aquisgrà (Catalan) *, Aquisgrán (Spanish) *, Aquisgrana (Italian *, Aquisgrana or Aquisgrão (Portuguese) *, Åxhe (Walloon) *, Cáchy (Czech) *, Óche (local Ripuarian) *, Oochen (Luxembourgish) *, Aachen - Άαχεν (Greek) *, Aachen - אאכן (Hebrew) *, Aakhen - Аахен (Russian *, Ukrainian *), Ahen - Ахен (Bulgarian *, Serbian *, Macedonian), Oche (Kashubian) *, Yachen - 亚琛 (Simplified Chinese); آخن (Arabic) *, آخن (Farsi) *, アーヘン (Japanese) *, აახენი (Georgian) *, 아헨 (Korean) *, อาเค่น (Thai) *, 阿亨 (Chinese) * |
| Aalst | Aals (Limburgish) *, Aalst (Dutch) *, Alost (French) *, Alst - Алст (Macedonian), Αλόστη (Greek) |
| Aarhus | Århus (Danish *, Finnish *, Swedish *), Aarhus (Dutch *, Hungarian *), Aoerhusi - 奥而胡斯(Simplified Chinese) *, Orhūsa (Latvian) *, Orhus - Орхус (Bulgarian *, Macedonian) |
| Abbeville | Advile (Picard) , Abbekerke (Dutch) *, Abbatis Villa (Latin), Abbeville (French *, Romanian *), Abvil - Абвиль (Russian) *, Abvil - Абвил (Macedonian) |
| Aberdeen | Aberdin - Абердин (Russian *, Macedonian *), Aberdonia or Devana or Aberdona or Verniconam or Aberdonum or Aberdonium or Abredonia or Devanha (Latin) *, Aiberdeen (Scots) *, Obar Dheathain (Gaelic) *, Obar Deathain (Irish) |
| Adjud | Adjud (Romanian) *, Egyedhalma (Hungarian), Adžud - Аџуд (Macedonian) |
| Aiud | Aiud (Romanian) *, Nagyenyed (Hungarian) *, Straßburg am Mieresch (German) *, Ajud - Ајуд (Macedonian) |
| Aix-en-Provence | Aikso Provenca (Esperanto) *, Aix-en-Provence (French *, Romanian *, Finnish *), Aquae Sextiae (Latin) *, Ais (Provençal), Ais de Provença (Catalan *, Occitan *) |
| Aix-les-Bains | Aix-les-Bains (French *, Finnish *), Aquae Gratianae (Latin) * |
| Ajaccio | Ajaccio (Dutch *, French *, Finnish *), Aiacciu (Corsican) *, Aiaccio (former Italian) *, Ajačio - Ајачио or Ažaksio - Ажаксио (Macedonian) , Αιάκειο (Greek), Ayachcho - Аяччо (Russian) *, Ayakexiao - 阿雅克肖 (Simplified Chinese) * |
| Albacete | Albacete (Spanish *, Bahasa Indonesia, Finnish), al-Basīt (Arabic) *, Albaset - Албасет (Macedonian), Albasete - Альбасете (Russian) * |
| Alba Iulia | Alba Iulia (Romanian) *, Apulon (Dacian) *, Apulum (Latin) *, Bălgrad (former name) *, Gyulafehérvár (Hungarian) *, Karlsburg (German) *, Weißenburg (former German) *, Alba Julija - Алба Јулија (Macedonian) |
| Alexandroupolis | Alessandropoli (Italian), Alexandroúpoli - Αλεξανδρούπολη (Greek) *, Alexandroúpolis - Αλεξανδρούπολις (Greek-Katharevousa), Alexandropolis (Latin) *, Dedeağaç (Turkish) *, Dedeagatch (former name) *, Dedeagh (former French) *, Aleksandrupolis - Александруполис (Macedonian, Russian), Aleksandrupolis - Александруполіс (Ukrainian) *, Aleksandropolis (Finnish) |
| Algeciras | Algeciras (Spanish *, Finnish *), Algésiras (French) *, Algesires (Catalan) *, Al-Jazeera Al-Khudra (Arabic) *, Alhesiras - Алхесирас (Macedonian, Russian) |
| Alghero | Alghero (Italian *, Finnish *), L'Alguer (Catalan *, Occitan *), S'Alighera * and Alighera *(Sardinian), Alguer (Spanish *, Gallego *) Algero - Алгеро (Macedonian) |
| Alicante | 'Akra Leuke - Ἄκρα Λευκή (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan *, Valencian *), Alicante (Dutch *, Finnish *, French *, German *, Portuguese *, Romanian *, Spanish *), Alikante (Ladino) *, Alikantė (Lithuanian) *, Alikante (Latvian) *, Alakanto (Esperanto) *, al-Laqant - أليكانته (Arabic) *, Lucentum (Latin) *, Alikante - Аликанте (Macedonian) |
| Amiens | Amiens (French) , Anmien (Picard) |
| Amścisłaŭ | Amścisłaŭ - Амсьціслаў * or Mścisłaŭ - Мсьціслаў *(Belarusian), Mścisław (Polish) *, Mstislavl - Мстиславль (Russian) *, Mstislavlis (Lithuanian) |
| Amsterdam | 阿姆斯特丹 (Chinese) *, Amstardam (Irish), Amstardām - أمستردام (Arabic) *, Amsterdam (Bahasa Indonesia *, Croatian *, Dutch *, Estonian *, Finnish *, French *, Italian *, Polish *, Romanian *, Catalan *, Swedish *, Turkish *, Limburgish *), Amsterdam - Амстердам (Bulgarian *, Macedonian, Russian *, Serbian *, Ukrainian *), Amstyerdam - Амстэрдам (Belarussian) *, Ámsterdam (Spanish) *, Amsterdama (Latvian) *, Amsterdamas (Lithuanian) *, Amsterdão (Portuguese) *, Amsterodam (Czech) *, Amszterdam (Hungarian) *, Aemstelredamme or Amstelredam (former Dutch), Amstelodamum (Latin) *, Mokum or Mokum Aleph or Groot-Mokum (Yiddish) *, Amstelodamon - Αμστελόδαμον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Amsterntam - Άμστερνταμ (Greek) *, Amseutereudam - 암스테르담 (Korean) *, Amsterdam - אמסטרדם (Hebrew) * |
| Ancona | Ancône (French) *, Ankona (Polish) *, Jakin (older Croatian) *, Αγκώνα (Greek) |
| Anklam | Anklam (German) *, Anclam (former German spelling) *, Nakło nad Pianą (Polish) *, Tanglim (old Slavic) *, Anklam - Анклам (Macedonian) |
| Antioch | Antakya or Hatay (Turkish) *, Antioche (French) *, Antiochia (Hungarian *, Latin, Slovak), Antiochia or Antiochia am Orontes (German) *, Antiochia or Antiochia di Siria (Italian) *, Antiochia or Antiochia Syryjska (Polish) *, Antiochia or Antiochia vid Orontes (Swedish) *, Antióchia - Αντιόχεια (Greek), Antióchia i epí Dáfni - Αντιόχεια η επί Δάφνη / Antióchia i epí Oróntu - Αντιόχεια η επί Ορόντου / Antióchia i Megáli - Αντιόχεια η Μεγάλη (extended names in Greek), Antiochie (Czech) *, Antiochië (Dutch) *, Antioch-on-the-Orontes (extended name in English), Antiohia (Romanian), Antiokia (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish *, Finnish *), Antioquía (Spanish) *, Antióquia (Portuguese) *, Antiohija (Croatian, Bosnian), Antiohija - Антиохија (Macedonian, Serbian *, Montenegrin) |
| Antwerp | Amberes (Spanish), Amvérsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Estonian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpenas (Lithuanian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German, Swedish), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French, Catalan, Romanian), Anversa (Italian), Anviesse (Walloon), Antverpeno (Esperanto), Antwerpe (neighbouring dialect, Limburgish), Antverpen - Антверпен (Macedonian), Antverpen - אנטוורפן (Hebrew) |
| Aquileia | Akwilea / Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Aquilée (French), Aquilee (Friulian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene), Akvileja - Аквилеја (Macedonian) Akvilia (Finnish) |
| Arkhangelsk | Arcángel (Spanish),Archandělsk (Czech), Archangelsk (German, Dutch), Archangelskas (Lithuanian), Arhangeļska (Latvian), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian) Sint-Michiel (Dutch, antiquated), Arhangelsk - Архангелск (Macedonian, Turkish), Αρχάγγελος (Greek), Archangelsk - ארחנגלסק (Hebrew) |
| Arlon | Arlon (French, Finnish), Aarlen (Dutch), Arel (German), Arel (Luxembourgish), Arlon - Арлон (Macedonian) |
| Arnhem | Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian), Ernem (local dialect), Ārnhema (Latvian), Arnhem - Арнхем (Macedonian) |
| Arras | Arasu - アラス (Japanese), Arazzo (medieval Italian), Arras (French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Aro (Picard) , Atrecht (Dutch), Aras - Арас (Macedonian) |
| Aschaffenburg | Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish), Ašafenburg - Ашафенбург (Macedonian) |
| Assisi | 亞西西 (Chinese), Ascesi (medieval Italian), Asís (Spanish), Asisi (Romanian),Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish), Asisi - Асиси (Macedonian) , Ασσίζη (Greek), |
| Ath | Ât (Picard) , Ath (French), Ate (Walloon) , Aat (Dutch) |
| Athens | Afina (Azeri), Афины/Afíny (Russian), Афіни/Afiny (Ukrainian), An Aithin (Irish), Ateena (Estonian, Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish) Aten - אַטען (Yiddish), Atena (Bahasa Indonesia, Croatian, Romanian), Atėnai (Lithuanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian, Slovene), Atene - アテネ (Japanese), Atenes (Catalan), Cetines (Old catalan), Աթենք / Atenk (Armenian), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish, Welsh), Athén (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athenae (Latin), Athene (Dutch, Limburgish), Athènes (French), Athény (alternative Czech), Athína - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina - Атина (Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian, Turkish), Atene - 아테네 (Korean), Atuna - אתונה (hebrew), Yadian - 雅典 (Simplified Chinese) |
| Augsburg | Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Finnish, Polish, Catalan, Romanian, Turkish), Augsburga (Latvian), Augsburgo (Spanish, Portuguese), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Augusta Vindelicorum (Latin), Oogsborg (Low Saxon), Avgústa - Αυγούστα (Greek), Augsburg - Аугсбург (Macedonian), Augsburg - אוגסבורג (Hebrew) |
| Avignon | Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French, Finnish, Romanian), Avignone (Italian), Avinhão (Portuguese), Avinhon (Occitan, Provençal), Avinjon - Авињон (Serbian, Macedonian), Aviñón (Spanish), Aviņona (Latvian), Awinion (Polish), Avinyó (Catalan) |
B
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Bacău | Bacău (Romanian), Bakó (Hungarian) |
| Baia Mare | Baia Mare (Romanian), Frauenbach (German), Nagybánya (Hungarian), Neustadt (rarer German), Baja Mare - Баја Маре (Macedonian) |
| Bakhchisaray | Bağçasaray (Crimean Tatar), Bakhchisaray - Бахчисарай (Russian), Bakhchysarai - Бахчисарай (Ukrainian), Bahçesaray (Turkish), Bakczysaraj (Polish), Bahcisarai (Romanian), Bahčisaraj - Бахчисарај (Macedonian) |
| Baku | Bacu (Portuguese), Bakı (Azeri), Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Baku - Баку (Bahasa Indonesia, Finnish, Polish, Macedonian, Serbian, Romanian, Latvian), Bākū (Arabic), Bakü (Turkish), Baku - בקו (Hebrew) |
| Bar (Montenegro) | Tivar (Albanian), Antivari (Italian), Bar - Бар (Croatian, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Macedonian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and mediæval state) |
| Barcelona | Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Dutch, Catalan, Finnish, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Lithuanian *, Latvia, Turkish), Barselona - Барселона (Russian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukrainian), Բարսելոնա / Barselona (Armenian), Varkelóni - Βαρκελώνη (Greek), Bårçulone (Walloon), Barcelone (Friulian), Bartzelona - ברצלונה (Hebrew) |
| Basel | Bâle (French), Basilea (Catalan, Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch, Turkish), Bazel - Базел (Serbian, Macedonian), Բազել / Bazel (Armenian), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Ukrainian), Bazelis (Lithuanian), Bāzele (Latvian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasileía - Βασιλεία (Greek), Basel (Finnish, Romanian, Swedish), Bazel - בזל (Hebrew) |
| Bastia | Bastia (Dutch, French, German), Bastìa (Corsican, Finnish, Italian), Bastija - Бастија (Macedonian) |
| Bastogne | Bastogne (French, Finnish, Romanian), Bastenaken (Dutch), Bastnach (German), Baaschtnech or Baastnech (Luxembourgish), Bastonj - Бастоњ (Macedonian) |
| Bath | Aquae Sulis (Latin), Baðum / Baðan / Baðon (Anglo-Saxon), Caerfaddon (Welsh) |
| Bautzen | Budyšin (Upper Sorbian), Budyšín (Czech, Slovak), Budyšyn (Lower Sorbian), Budziszyn (Polish), Baucen - Бауцен (Macedonian) |
| Beauvais | Beauvais (French) , Bieuvais (Picard) |
| Będzin | Będzin (Polish), Bendin - Бендин (Russian), Bendin - בענדין (Yiddish), Bendzin (German) |
| Bela Crkva | Bela Crkva - Бела Црква (Serbian, Macedonian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bílá Cerevek (Czech), Biserica Alba (Romanian), Fehértemplom (Hungarian) |
| Belfast | Béal Feirste (Irish), Belfastas (Lituanian), Belfāsta (Latvian), Belffast (Welsh), Belfastium (Latin), Belfast - Белфаст(French, Finnish, Romanian, Macedonian, Spanish, Turkish), Belfast - בלפסט (Hebrew), Bilfawst (Ulster Scots) |
| Belfort | Beffert (German), Befert (old German), Belfort - (Dutch, French), Belfort - Белфорт (Macedonian) |
| Belgrade | Béalgrád (Irish), Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad - Белград(Macedonian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Finnish, German, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish), Բելգրադ or Belgrad (Armenian), Belgrád (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgradas (Lithuanian), Belgrade (French), Belgråde (Walloon), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian, Danish, Slovene), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Nándorfehérvár (former Hungarian), Singidunum (Latin), Veligrádi - Βελιγράδι (Greek), Griechisch-Weißenburg (old German, rare), Belgrad - בלגרד (Hebrew) |
| Bellinzona | Bellinzona (Dutch, German, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Bellinzone (French), Belincona - Белинцона (Macedonian), Bellenz (old Swiss German name) |
| Berat | Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albánský Bělehrad (Czech), Berat - Берат (Macedonian) , Μπεράτι (Greek) |
| Berdychiv | Berdychiv - Бердичів (Ukrainian), Berdichev - Бердичев (Russian), Barditshev - באַרדיטשעװ (Yiddish), Berdyczów (Polish), Berdicev (Romanian), |
| Bergen (Norway) | Bergen (Dutch, German, Finnish, Macedonian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Bergenas (Lithuanian), Bergena (Latvian), Björgvin (Icelandic), Bjørgvin (former old norse name) |
| Berlin | Barlīn (Arabic), Barliń (Lower Sorbian), Beirlín (Irish), Berlien (Limburgish), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Catalan, Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Russian, Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish, French, Walloon), Բեռլին or Berlin (Armenian), Berlin - בערלין (Yiddish), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Berlynas (Lithuanian), Berurin - ベルリン (Japanese), Verolíno - Βερολίνο (Greek), Bereullin - 베를린 (Korean), Berlin - ברלין (Hebrew) |
| Berne | Bern (Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Russian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian), Բեռն or Bern (Armenian), Berna (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Bernas (Lithuanian), Berne (French, Latvian), Berno (Polish), Vérni - Βέρνη (Greek), Bern - ברן (Hebrew) |
| Besançon | Besançon (Dutch, French, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Bisanz (old German), Vesontio (Latin), Bezanson - Безансон (Macedonian) |
| Białowieża | Biełavieža - Белавежа (Belarusian), Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish), Beloveža (Latvian) |
| Białystok | Białystok (Polish), Biełastok - Беласток (Belarusian), Balstogė (Lithuanian), Belostoka (Latvian), Belostok - Белосток (Russian), Bjalistoko (Esperanto), Byalistok - ביאַליסטאָק (Yiddish), Bjalistok - Бјалисток (Macedonian) |
| Biel/Bienne | Belenus (Latin), Biel (German, Finnish), Bienne (French), Bil - Бил (Macedonian) |
| Biella | Biella (Italian), Bugella (Latin) |
| Bilbao | Bilbao (Catalan, Dutch, Spanish, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Bilbao - Билбао (Macedonian, Latvian), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque), |
| Bilohirsk | Qarasuvbazar (Crimean Tatar), Bilohirsk (English, German), Belogorsk - Белогорск (Russian), Karasubazar (Turkish), Bilohirs'k - Білогірськ (Ukrainian), Karasubazar - Карасубазар (former Russian, former Ukrainian) |
| Bil'shivtsi | Bil'shivtsi - Більшівці (Ukrainian), Bol'shovtsy - Болшовцы (Russian), Bolszowce (Polish), Bolshvets - באָלשװעץ (Yiddish), Bilişăuţi (Romanian) |
| Birmingham | Бирмингем (Russian, Serbian, Macedonian), Birmingemas (Lithuanian), Birmingema (Latvian), Berminghem - ברמינגהם (Hebrew) |
| Bischofswerda | Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish), Bišofsverda - Бишофсверда (Macedonian) |
| Bistriţa | Beszterce (Hungarian), Bistrica - Бистрица (Serbian, Macedonian), Bistriţa (Romanian), Bistritz (German), Bystrzyca (Polish) |
| Bitola | Битоля (Bulgarian), Manastır (Turkish), Monastir (Albanian, Ladino, other languages),Μοναστήρι - Monastiri (Greek),Bitolj/Битољ (Serbian) |
| Bologna | Bologna (Dutch, German, Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonija (Lithuanian), Boloņa (Latvian), Bolonja - Болоња (Serbian, Macedonian), Bolonya (Catalan, Turkish) , Βολωνία (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Bouillon | Bouillon (Dutch, French, German, Romanian), Bouyon (Walloon), Bujon - Бујон (Macedonian) |
| Boulogne-sur-Mer | Boulogne (French, Finnish), Boulonne-su-Mér (Picard) , Bonen aan zee (Dutch, older),Bononia (medieval Latin), Gesoriacum (Roman Latin) |
| Bozen-Bolzano | Bolzano (Italian, Romanian,English), Bozen (Afrikaans, Dutch, German), Bulsan or Balsan (Ladin), Bolğan or Bolzan (Friulian), Bulsaun (Romansh), Bocen (Slovene, Serbian, Croatian), Боцен (Serbian Cyrillic), Pons Drusi or Bauzanum (Latin), Boltsano - בולצאנו (Hebrew), Mpoltsano - Μπολτζάνο (Greek), Bocenas (Lithuanian), Bolcāno (Latvian), Bol'tsano - Больцано (Russian), Bal'tsana - Бaльцанa (Belorussian), Bolcano - Болцано (Macedonian) |
| Bordeaux | 波爾多 (Chinese), Bordeaux (Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Bordèu (Gascon, Occitan, Provençal), Bordéus (Portuguese), Burdeus (Catalan), Bordo (Lithuanian, Latvian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bordó (Hungarian), Bordö (Turkish) Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Bordele (Basque), Burdigala (Latin) , Βορδίγαλα (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Boreudo - 보르도 (Korean), Bordo - בורדו (Hebrew) |
| Bonifacio | Bonifacio (French, Italian, Finnish), Bunifaziu (Corsican), Bonifakjo - Бонифаќо (Macedonian) |
| Bonn | 波恩(Chinese) , Bon (Serbian, Macedonian, Turkish), Bona (Lithuanian, Portuguese), Bonn (Dutch, German), Bonna (Latvian), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vónni - Βόννη (Greek), Bon - בון (Hebrew) |
| Botoşani | Botoşani (Romanian), Botosány (Hungarian), Botoszany (Polish), Botošani - Ботошани (Macedonian) |
| Braniewo | Braniewo (Polish), Braunsberg (German), Brus (Old Prussian), Branievo - Браниево (Macedonian) |
| Braşov | Braşov (Romanian), Brašov - Брашов (Serbian, Macedonian), Brašovas (Lithuanian), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish), Corona (Latin), Kronstadt (German), Stephanoúpoli - Στεφανούπολη (Greek) |
| Bratislava | Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian), Bratislava (Czech, Catalan, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Բրատիսլավա or Bratislava (Armenian), Braťislava or Požoma (Romani), Bratyslava - Братислава (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Požun (older Croatian) , Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (obsolete German), Prešpurk (Czech till 1919), Πρεσβούργο (Greek till 1919) , Prešporok (Slovak till 1919) [Note: The name was officially changed from Pressburg / Prešporok / Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see Bratislava, Bratislava - ברטיסלבה (Hebrew) |
| Bratslav | Bracław (Polish), Bracłaŭ - Брацлаў (Belarusian), Breslov - ברעסלאָבֿ (Yiddish), Braclav - Брацлав (Macedonian) |
| Břeclav | Břeclav (Czech), Lundenburg (German), Brzecław (Polish), Bšeclav - Бшецлав (Macedonian) |
| Bremen | Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Frisian, German, Low Saxon, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Brėmenas (Lithuanian), Brēmene (Latvian), Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrémi - Βρέμη (Greek) |
| Bremerhaven | Bremerhaven (Dutch, German, Low Saxon, Romanian), Brémský Přístav (Czech), Bremerhafen - Бремерхафен (Macedonian) |
| Brest (Belarus) | Bieraście - Берасьце (traditional Belarusian name), Brasta (Lithuanian), Bresta(Latvian), Brest (Romanian), Brest-Litovsk (former English, former Romanian, former Russian), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939); Lietuvos Brasta (former Lithuanian); Brisk - בריסק (Yiddish), Brest-Litovsk - Брест-Литовск (Macedonian), Brest - ברסט (Hebrew) |
| Bristol | 布里斯托尔 (Chinese), Briostó (Irish), Caerodor (Welsh (obsolete)), Bristol (Dutch), Bryste (Welsh), Bristol - Бристол (Macedonian), Bristole (Latvian), Bryste (Welsh) |
| Brno | Berno Morawskie (Polish), Brna (Romany), Brno (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, Latvian, Romanian, Serbian, Macedonian), Brnos (Romany), Brünn (German, Hungarian), Bruna (Italian) |
| Brody | Brody (Polish, Russian, Ukrainian; spelled Броды in Russian and Броди in Ukrainian), Brod (Romanian), Brod - בראָד (Yiddish), Brodi - Броди (Macedonian) |
| Bruges | Briž (Serbian), Бриж (Macedonian), Bruges (French, Portuguese, Romanian, Luxembourgish), Brugge (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch), Brügge (Finnish, German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Bruixes (Catalan), Brujas (Spanish, Mediæval Portuguese), Bruj (Turkish), وبروج (Arabic), Briugė (Lithuanian), Brige (Latvian), Brögke (Limburgish), Brygge (Swedish) , Βρύγη (Greek), Bruzh - ברוז (Hebrew) |
| Brunswick | Braunschweig (German, Slovene, variant in English), Braunšveiga (Latvian), Braunšvajg - Брауншвајг (Serbian, Macedonian), Brunšvik (Czech), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Romanian, Spanish), Brunswiek (Low Saxon), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish) |
| Bruntál | Bruntal (Polish), Bruntál (Czech), Freudenthal (German) |
| Brussels | 布魯塞爾 (Chinese), An Bhruiséil (Irish), Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Serbian), Брисел (Macedonian), Brisele (Latvian), Brisl - בריסל (Yiddish), Briuselis (Lithuanian), Bruksel (Armenian), Brüksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Bruselj (Slovene), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Brussel·les (Catalan), Brussel (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Norwegian), Brüssel (Estonian, German), Brusselle (former Italian), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (Danish, French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vryxélles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek), Brussele (Walloon), Brössel (Limburgish), Brwsel (Welsh), Brisel - בריסל (Hebrew) |
| Brzesko | Brzesko (Polish), Brigl - בריגל (Yiddish) |
| Buchach | Buchach - Бучач (Ukrainian), Buczacz (Polish, Romanian), Betshotsh - בעטשאָטש (Yiddish), Bučač - Бучач (Macedonian) |
| Bucharest | Boekarest (Afrikaans, Dutch), Búcairist (Irish), Bucarest (Catalan, French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Բուխարեստ / Bukharest (Armenian), Bükreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukarešta (Slovene), Bukureshta (Romany), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukourésti - Βουκουρέστι (Greek), Boekares (Limburgish), Bwcarest (Welsh), Bukarest - בוקרסט (Hebrew) |
| Buda (now part of Budapest) | Buda (Finnish, Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Lithuanian, Latvian), Budín (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German), Budim - Будим (Macedonian) |
| Budapest | Boedapest (Afrikaans, Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Búdaipeist (Irish), Budapest (Catalan, Finnish, Italian, German, Hungarian, Spanish, Swedish), Բուդապեշտ / Budapesht (Armenian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Latvian, Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeštas (Lithuanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene, Serbian), Voudapésti - Βουδαπέστη (Greek), Ofenpest (former German), Boedapes (Limburgish), Bwdapest (Welsh), Peshta (Romany), Budapesht - בודפשט (Hebrew), Etzelburg (old German), Ezzelburgo (old Italian) |
| Buje | Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian) |
| Burg Stargard | Burg Stargard (German), Stargard Meklemburski (Polish) |
| Bursa | Brousse (former French), Bursa (Dutch, Romanian, Turkish, Macedonian), Prusa (Latin), Proúsa - Προύσα (Greek), Bursa - בורסה (Hebrew) |
| Butrint | Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian), Butrinto - Бутринто (Macedonian) |
| Buzet | Buzet (Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian), Pinguente (Italian) |
| Bydgoszcz | Bidgošča (Lithuanian), Bidgošć - Бидгошч (Serbian, Macedonian), Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish) |
| Bytom | Beuthen (German), Bytom (Polish), Bitom - Битом (Macedonian) |
| Bytów | Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytów (Polish), Bitov - Битов (Macedonian) |
C
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Cádiz | Cadice (Italian), Cádis (Portuguese), Cadis (Catalan) Cadix (French), Cádiz (Spanish), Cadiz (German, Romanian), Gades (Latin), Γάδειρα - Gadeira (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic) |
| Cagliari | Cagliari (Dutch, Italian, Finnish, Romanian), Càller (Spanish, Catalan), Caralis (Latin), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian) |
| Calahorra (Spain) | Calagurris (Latin) |
| Calais (France) | Kales (Dutch alternate), Kalē (Latvian), Caleus (Picard) |
| Cambrai | Camaracum (Latin), Kamerijk (Dutch), Kameriek (Limburgish) , Kimbré (Picard) |
| Cambridge (England) | Caergrawnt (Welsh), Cantabrigia (Latin), Cantabrígia (Portuguese), Kembridž (Serbian), Kembridžas (Lithuanian), Kembridža (Latvian), Kembriĝo (Esperanto), Kemburijji - ケンブリッジ (Japanese), 劍橋 ('Jiān qiáo, formerly 康橋 Kāng qiáo - jian/kang are approximations of the sound Cam, qiao means bridge) (Chinese)Keymrige - קיימבריג (Hebrew) |
| Câmpulung Moldovenesc | Câmpulung Moldovenesc (Romanian), Moldvahosszúmező (Hungarian) |
| Canterbury | 坎特貝雷 (Chinese), Caer-Cant (Saxon), Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbéry (French), Cantuaria (medieval Latin), Cantuária (Portuguese), Durovernum Cantiacorum (Roman Latin), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kenterberija (Latvian), Kantelberg (Dutch) |
| Carcassonne | Carcassona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan), Carcasona (Spanish), Carcassonne (French, Finnish), (Julia) Carcaso (Latin) |
| Cardiff | Caerdydd (Welsh, Irish), Kardif (Serbian), Kārdifa (Latvian), Ovicubium (Vulgar Latin) |
| Carlisle | Caerliwelydd (Welsh) |
| Carlsbad | Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian, Croatian, Romanian, Serbian), Karlovy Vary (Czech, Turkish), Karlsbad (Dutch, German, Swedish), Karlsbāde (Latvian),Karlowe Wary (Polish) |
| Cartagena | Cartagena (Catalan, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthagène (French), Carthago Nova (Latin), Kartagina (Polish, Serbian), al-Qartājanna (Arabic) , Καρθαγένη (Greek) |
| Castelsardo | Castelsardo (Italian), Casteddu (Sardinian, Corsican), Castelgenovese (former Italian), Castillo Aragones (former Spanish), Castel Aragones (former Catalan) |
| Celje | Celeia (Latin), Celje (Slovene, Serbian), Celle/Cilli (German), Cille (Hungarian), Cilli (older English ( 1911 EB), older German), Kelea (Celtic) |
| České Budějovice | Budweis (German, former English and Dutch), Czeskie Budziejowice (Polish), České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak) |
| Český Těšín | Český Těšín (Czech), Czeski Cieszyn (Polish) |
| Cetinje | Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Serbian) , Κετίγνη (Greek) |
| Chalkida (Greece) | Chalcis (French, Latin), Chalkis (German) |
| Chania | La Canée (French), Khaniá - Χανιά (Greek), La Canea (Catalan, Italian, Spanish), Hania (Finnish, Romanian) |
| Charleroi | Charleroi (Dutch, French, Finnish, Romanian), Châlerwè / Tchålerwè (Walloon), Carleroé (Picard) , Šarlruā (Latvian), Sharlerwa - שרלרוה (Hebrew) |
| Cheb | Cheb (Czech), Eger (German) |
| Chełmno | Chełmno (Polish), Culm (variant in German), Kulm (German) |
| Chemnitz | Chemnitz (German, Finnish, Romanian), Kamienica Saska (Polish, traditional, not used anymore), Kamjenica (Sorbian), Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990) |
| Chernigov | Chernigov - Чернигов (Russian, common transliteration), Chernihiv - Чернігів (Ukrainian, official transliteration) |
| Chernivtsi | Cernăuţi (Romanian), Cernovicy (German, alternate transliteration from the Ukrainian Cyrillic), Cernowitz (Yiddish, alternate form), Čérnivci (Ukrainian, 2nd most common Roman transliteration), Černivcy (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Černovce (Russian, alternate transliteration), Černovcy (Russian, alternate transliteration), Černovice (Czech/Slovak), Chernivci (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Chernivcy (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Chernivtcy (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Chernivtsi - Чернівці (Ukrainian, commonest English transliteration), Chernovcy (Russian, alternate transliteration), Chernovicy (Yiddish, alternate Roman transliteration of the Russian Cyrillic form), Chernovits (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Chernovitse (Yiddish, rare transliteration into Roman script of the Ukrainian Cyrillic transliteration), Chernovitsy - Черновицы (Russian before 1944; Yiddish, rare alternate transliteration), Chernovitz (Yiddish, alternate form), Chernovtsy - Черновцы (Russian), Chernowitz (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Csernivci (Hungarian, alternate transliteration from the current Ukrainian Cyrillic name), Csernovic (Hungarian), Csernyivci (Hungarian, transliteration from the current Ukrainian Cyrillic name), Czernovicensia (Latin, ecclesiastical), Czerniowce (Polish), Czernovitz (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Czernowitz (German), Tchernowcy (Yiddish, transliteration from the Russian Cyrillic form), Tjernivtsi (Norwegian, Swedish, transliterated from the Ukrainian Cyrillic original), Tscherniwzi (German, transliteration from the Ukrainian Cyrillic, from German version of 'Yurij Fedkovytsch Czernowitzer Nationaler Universität', i.e. 'Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University' website, 2005), Tschernovits (Yiddish, alternate trasliteration), Tschernowitz (German), Tshernevits (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Tshernovits - טשערנאָוויץ (Yiddish, current standard transliteration) |
| Chernobyl | Chernobyl - Чернобыль (Russian, common transliteration), Chornobyl - Чорнобиль (Ukrainian, official transliteration) |
| Chernyakhovsk | Chernyakhovsk (Russian), Insterburg (German), Įsrutis (Lithuanian), Wystruć (Polish), Cernihovsk (Romanian) |
| Chester | Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy usually abbreviated to Caer (Welsh), Castra Devana or Deva (Latin) |
| Chişinău | Chishinau (French alternate), Chisinau (Catalan, Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese), Chişinău (Romanian), Keshenev - קעשענעװ (Yiddish), Kichinev (French), Kischinew (German), Kishinev (former English), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišiņeva (Latvian), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian), Kišinjev (Serbian, Finnish alternate), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (older Hungarian), Kisjenő (Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian), Kişinev (Turkish) , Κισνόβιο (Greek), Kishinev - קישינב (Hebrew) |
| Chorzów | Chorzów (Polish), Królewska Huta (Polish, until 1934), Králova Huť (Czech), Königshütte (German) |
| Chur | Coire (French), Coira (Italian), Cuira (Romansh), Curi (Latin) |
| Cieszyn | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (Dutch, German), Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak) |
| Clermont-Ferrand | Augustonemetum (Latin), Clarmont (Occitan, Provençal), Clermonte (Spanish) |
| Cleves | Cléveris (Spanish), Clèves (French), Clivia (Latin), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German) |
| Cluj | Claudiopolis (Ecclesiastical Latin), Napoca (Classical Latin), Cluj (French, Romanian, informal), Cluj-Napoca (Dutch, Romanian, formal), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvár (Hungarian) |
| Cobh | Queenstown, Cove (former English names), An Cóbh {Irish) |
| Coblenz | Coblença (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Confluentes (Latin), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (Dutch, German, Romanian, Slovene), Kueblenz (Luxembourgish) |
| Coburg | Cobourg (French), Coburg (Dutch, German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) , Κοβούργον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Coimbra | Coimbra (Catalan, Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic) |
| Colchester | Camulodunum (Latin), Camulodunon (British) |
| Cologne | 科隆 (Chinese) , Cöln (German variant), Cologne (French), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colónia (Portuguese), Colònia (Catalan), Colonia Agrippina (Latin), Keln - Келн (Serbian), Keln - קעלן (Yiddish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak), Kölle (Kölsch [local dialect], Limburgish), Köln (Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolonía - Κολωνία (Greek), Kolonia (Polish), Ķelne (Latvian), Keln - קלן (Hebrew), Køln (Danish) |
| Comăneşti | Comăneşti (Romanian), Kománfalva (Hungarian) |
| Como | Côme (French), Comum - Novum Comum (Latin) |
| Constanţa | Constanţa (Romanian, Finnish), Köstence (Turkish), Konstanca (Hungarian, Polish) Constança (Brazilian Portuguese) |
| Copenhagen | 哥本哈根 (Chinese), Cóbanhávan (Irish), Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan, French, Spanish), Hafnia (Latin), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Kobenhaven (Slovene), København (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian, Polish), Kopenhagen - Копенхаген (Bulgarian, Serbian), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Kopenhago (Esperanto), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkháyi - Κοπεγχάγη (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian), Kopenhagen - קופנהגן (Hebrew) |
| Córdoba | Córdoba (Spanish, Finnish), Cordoba (Dutch, German, Romanian), Corduba (Latin), Cordoue (French), Còrdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian, former Romanian), Córdova (Portuguese), Kordoba (Polish, Slovene), Kordova (Latvian), Qurtubah (Arabic) , Κορδούη - Κόρδοβα (Greek - καθαρεύουσα - δημοτική), Kordoba - קורדובה (Hebrew) |
| Corfu | Corcira / Corfu (Portuguese, Romanian), Corcyra (Latin), Corcyre (French alternate under Napoleonic rule), Corfou (French), Corfù (Italian), Corfú (Catalan, Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfoe / Corfu (Dutch), Korfu (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak, Swedish, Turkish), Krf (Croatian, Slovene), Krf - Крф (Macedonian, Serbian) |
| Corinth | Corint (Catalan, Romanian), Corinthe (French), Corinthus (Latin), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korinta (Latvian), Korintas (Lithuanian), Korinth (Danish, German, Swedish), Korinthe (Dutch), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish) |
| Cork | Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish), Cork (Danish, Dutch, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish), Korka (Latvian) |
| Corte | Corte (Dutch, German, French, Italian), Corti (Corsican) |
| Corunna | La Corogne (French), A Coruña (Galician), La Coruña (Dutch, Spanish, Finnish), La Coruna (Romanian), Corunha (Portuguese), La Corunya (Catalan, Serbian), Lakoruņa (Latvian) |
| Cottbus | Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech), Kottbus (archaic German) |
| Crécy | Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French), Carcy-in-Pontiu (Picard) , Kresčak (Czech) |
D
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Daugavpils | Daugavpils (Estonian, Finnish, Latvian, Romanian), Daugpiļs (Latgalian) Dźvinsk - Дзьвінск (Belarusian), Daugpilis (Lithuanian), Denenburg - דענענבורג (Yiddish), Dünaburg (former Estonian, German), Борисоглебск / Borisoglebsk, Двинcк / Dvinsk (former Russian), Даугавпилс / Daugavpils (Russian), Dyneburg (Polish), Dźwińsk (former Polish variant), Dvinsk - דוינסק (Hebrew) Väinänlinna (Finnish alternate) |
| Dãrmãneşti | Dãrmãneşti (Romanian), Dormánfalva (Hungarian) |
| Debrecen | Debrecen (Hungarian, Finnish), Debrecín (Czech), Debrecin (Bosnian, Croatian), Debrecin - Дeбрецин (Serbian, Montenegrin), Debreţin (Romanian), Debreczin (German), Debreczyn (Polish) |
| Den Bosch | Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (former Italian), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Oeteldonk (colloquial Dutch, during Carnaval) Herzogenbusch (German), De Bos(j) (Limburgish) |
| Den Helder | Den Helder (Dutch, German), Le Helder (French) |
| Dijon | Digione (Italian), Dijon (French, Finnish, Romanian), Diviodunum (Latin), Dižona (Latvian), Dijon - דיז'ון (Hebrew) |
| Dniprodzerzhynsk | formerly Kamenskoye (English), Kamenskoe (German), Dniprodzerzhyns'k (Дніпродзержинськ - Ukrainian) |
| Domažlice | Domažlice (Czech), Taus (German) |
| Donetsk | Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian, Finnish), Donetskas (Lithuanian), Doņecka (Latvian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name) |
| Dover | Douvres (French), Doveris (Lithuanian), Duvra (Latvian), Dover (Finnish, Romanian), Dover - דובר (Hebrew) |
| Drachhausen | Drachhausen (German), Hochoza (Lower Sorbian) |
| Dresden | 德累斯顿 (Chinese), Dresden (Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, German, Swedish, Turkish), Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, variant in Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drésdi - Δρέσδη (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezden (Serbian), Drezdenas (Lithuanian), Drezdene (Latvian), Drezno (Polish), Drježdźany (Lower Sorbian), Drezden - דרזדן (Hebrew) |
| Drobeta-Turnu Severin | Drobeta-Turnu Severin (official Romanian), Turnu Severin (former Romanian), Szörényvár (Hungarian) |
| Drohiczyn | Drohiczyn (Polish), Darahičyn - Дарагічын (Belarusian), Drohičinas (Lithuanian) |
| Drohobycz | Drobitsh - דראָביטש (Yiddish), Drogobych (Russian), Дрогобич/Drohobych (Ukrainian), Drohobycz (German, Polish) |
| Dublin | 都柏林 (Chinese), Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Áth Cliath (Irish short form), Dubh Linn (archaic Irish variant), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian, Turkish), Dhuvlíno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublin (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, Romanian, Swedish), Dublín (Catalan, Finnish, Spanish), Dublina (Latvian), Dublinas (Lithuanian), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinn (Icelandic),Bail'-Ath-Cliath (Scots Gaelic), Dooblin - Дублин (Russian), Dablin - דבלין (Hebrew) |
| Dubrovnik | Dubrovnic (Romanian), Dubrovnik (Albanian, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian), Ragusa (Italian, former Romanian), Raguse (old French), Dubrownik (Polish), Ragoúsa - Ραγούσα (Greek), Raguza (Ottoman Turkish), Dubrovnik - דוברובניק (Hebrew) |
| Dún Laoghaire | Kingstown (former English), Dunleary (anglicised form before being renamed "Kingstown" in 1821, still reflected in the pronunciation of "Dún Laoghaire" by English-speakers) |
| Dunkirk | Duinkerke (Dutch), Dunkerque (French, Romanian), Dünkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Duunkèrke (Limburgish), Dunkierka (Polish), Dhunkérki - Δουνκέρκη (Greek), Dinkerk (Picard) - דינקרק (Hebrew) |
| Durrës | Durrës (Albanian, Romanian), Dhirrákhio - Δυρράχιο (Greek), Epidamnos (Ancient Greek), Dyrrhachium (Latin), Durazzo (Italian), Durŭs - Дуръс, historically Drach Драч (Bulgarian), Dıraç - (Turkish), Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian) |
| Düsseldorf | Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian), Dizeldorf - Дизелдорф (Serbian), Dīzeldorfa (Latvian), Düsseldorf (Brazilian Portuguese, Estonian, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch, antiquated), Dusseldörp (Limburgish), Ντίσελντορφ-Dísseldorf (Greek), Diseldorf - דיסלדורף (Hebrew) |
E
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Edinburgh | 愛丁堡 (Chinese), Caeredin (Welsh), Dún Éideann (Irish), Dùn Èideann (Scots Gaelic), Embra (Lowland Scots), Edhimvúrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edinborg (Icelandic), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Edimburg (Catalan, German [rare], Serbian, Romanian), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburgas (Lithuanian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish), Edinbro - אדינברו (Hebrew) |
| Edirne | Adhrianúpoli - Αδριανούπολη (Greek), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianople (former English), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopoli (Italian, Finnish), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch, Finnish), Adrianópolis (Spanish), Drinápoly (Hungarian), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Hadrianople (variant in English), Hadrianopolis (Latin), Jedrine (Serbian), Odrin (Bulgarian, Macedonian), Uskudama (Thracian), Adrianopojë, Εdrene (Albanian) |
| Eger | Eger (Hungarian, Dutch, Finnish), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jáger (Slovak), Jagier (former Polish) |
| Eisenhüttenstadt | Eisenhüttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish), Stalinstadt (former German) |
| Elbląg | Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish), Elbing (German), Ilfing (Old Danish) Truso (Old Prussian) |
| Ełk | Ełk (Polish), Lyck (German) |
| Elsinore | Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish, Romanian), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German, Swedish) |
| Emmerich | Emmerich (German), Emmerik (Dutch) |
| Erlangen | Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech) |
| Espoo | Espoo (Estonian, Finnish), Esbo (Swedish) |
| Esztergom | Esztergom (Hungarian), Eštergon (Serbian), Gran (German), Ostřihom (Czech), Ostrihom (Slovak), Ostrzyhom (Polish), Estergon (Turkish), Strigoniu (Romanian), Solva / Strigonium (Latin) |
| Eupatoria | Kezlev (Crimean Tatar), Yvpatoriya - Євпаторія (Ukrainian), Yevpatoriya - Евпатория (Russian), Eupatoria (Polish, Romanian) , Ευπατορία (Greek) |
| Eupen | Eupen (German, French, Dutch), Néau (French, archaïc), Neyow (Walloon), Naowe / Naouwe (Walloon, medieval spellings) |
F
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Flensburg | Flensborg (Danish, Low Saxon), Flensburg (German, Romanian, Swedish) |
| Florence | Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firence (Slovene), Firenze (Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Italian), Flórans (Irish), Floransa (Turkish), Florença (Portuguese), Florència (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencija (Lithuanian), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German), Florence (French, Latvian), Florance (Walloon), Florentía - Φλωρεντία (Greek) |
| Flushing | Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch) |
| Fort Augustus | Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic) |
| Frankfurt am Main | 法蘭克福 (Chinese), Francfort (Catalan), Fráncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfort aan de Main (Dutch, Limburgish), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfurt na Majni (Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Slovene), ('Main Kıyısında ki) Frankfurt (Turkish), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanem (Czech), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian), Frankfurte pie Mainas (Latvian), Frankfurtas prie Maino (Lithuanian), Frankfúrti - Φρανκφούρτη (επί του Μάιν) (Greek), Majnafrankfurt (former Hungarian), Frankfurt al Mayn - פרנקפורט על מיין (Hebrew) |
| Frankfurt (Oder) | Fráncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Óder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt (Oder) (German), Frankfurtas prie Oderio (Lithuanian), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak, Czech), (Oder Kıyısında ki) Frankfurt (Turkish), Frankfurt na Odri (Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Slovene), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian), Frankfurte pie Oderas (Latvian), Oderafrankfurt (older Hungarian), Φρανκφούρτη (επί του Οδέρου) (Greek) |
| Freiburg | Frajburg (Serbian), Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Freiburga (Latvian), Fribourg-en-Brisgovie (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian), Fryburg (Polish) |
| Freising | Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French) |
| Fribourg | Freiburg im Üechtland (German), Fribourg (French, Finnish), Friburg (Catalan, Romansh), Friborgo (Italian), Friburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Fryburg (Polish) |
| Frombork | Frauenburg (German), Frombork (Polish) |
G
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Gallipoli | Galipolis (Lithuanian), Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Gallipoli (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Romanian), Gelibolu (Turkish), Kalípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek), Galipoli - גליפולי (Hebrew) |
| Galway | Gaillimh (Irish), Galvia (Latin) |
| Gdańsk | Gdańsk (Polish, Dutch), Gyddanyzc (Pommeranian, mentioned in 997 AD), Gduńsk (Kashubian), Gedania/Dantiscum (Latin), Danzig (German, older Turkish), Dancig (older Hungarian), Danţig (older Romanian), Dants - דאַנץ (Yiddish), Dantsic (older English), Dantzig (Afrikaans, former Dutch), Danzica (Italian), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdansk (Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Gdanjsk (Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Serbian), Gdaņska (Latvian), Gdanskas (Lithuanian), Gydanysg (Cymraeg), Gdansk - גדנסק (Hebrew), Гданьск (Russian), Гдањск (Serbian, Macedonian), Γδανσκ (Greek) |
| Gdynia | Gdynia (Polish, Finnish, Romanian), Gdiniô (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdiņa (Latvian), Gdingen (former Dutch, German), Gdyně (Czech), Gdynė (Lithuanian), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945) , Γδύνια (Greek) |
| Geneva | 日內瓦 (Chinese), Cenevre (Turkish), Djeneve (Walloon), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneva (Romanian), Geneve / Genève (Afrikaans, Armenian, Dutch, Finnish, Swedish), Geneve (Finnish), Genève (French), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genf (Estonian, German, Hungarian), An Ghinéiv (Irish), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Ginevra (Italian), Jenewa (Bahasa Indonesia), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenévi - Γενεύη (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian), Ženēva (Latvian), Zjenaef (Limburgish), Zhenevë (Albanian), Jeneva - ז'נבה (Hebrew) |
| Genoa | Cenova (Turkish), Đenova (Serbian), Dženova (Latvian), Gênes (French), Gènova (Catalan), Genova (Finnish, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Génova / Gênova (Portuguese), Génova (Spanish), Genua (Dutch, German, Latin, Polish, Swedish), Genuja (Lithuanian), Gjenova (Albanian), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Yénova - Γένοβα- Γένουα (Greek), Zena (Genoese), |
| Ghent | Gand (French, Portuguese), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Gaunt (older English), Gent (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Ģente (Latvian), Guanto (old Italian) , Γάνδη (Greek), Гент (Belarusian, Russian), Gandava (Latin) [1], Chent - חנט (Hebrew) |
| Gibraltar | 直布羅陀 (Chinese),Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian), Gibraltar (Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Polish), Gibraltaras (Lithuanian), Gibraltārs (Latvian), Jabal-Tarīq (Arabic), Γιβραλτάρ΄ (Greek), Gibraltar - גיברלטר (Hebrew) |
| Girona | Gerona (Romanian, Spanish), Gérone (French), Girona (Catalan, Finnish, Portuguese) |
| Gjirokastër | Gjirokastër / Gjirokastra (Albanian), Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirókastro - Αργυρόκαστρο (Greek), Ergiri (Turkish) |
| Glarus | Glaris (French), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh), Glarus (German) |
| Glastonbury | Glaistimbir / Glaistimbir na nGael / Gloineistir (Irish) |
| Glasgow | Glaschú (Irish), Glaschu (Scots Gaelic), Glāzgova (Latvian) Γλασκώβη (Greek), Glazgo - גלזגו (Hebrew) |
| Gliwice | Gliwice (Polish), Gleiwitz (German) |
| Gloucester | 告羅士打 (Chinese), Glevum (Latin) Caerloyw (Welsh) |
| Głogów | Głogów (Polish), Glogau (German), Glogov (Serbian), Glogova (Lithuanian), Glogovia (Latin), Hlohov (Czech) |
| Gmünd | Cmunt (Czech), Gmünd (German) |
| Gorizia | Gorica (Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Romanian, Slovene, Serbian), Gorizia (Finnish, French, Italian), Görz (German), Gurize (Friulian) |
| Görlitz | Görlitz (Afrikaans, Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech), Zhorjelc (Upper Sorbian) |
| Gothenburg | Gautaborg (Icelandic), Gēteborga (Latvian), Gioteburgas (Lithuanian), Göteborg (Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Gøteborg (Norwegian), Göteburg (Turkish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Afrikaans, Dutch, former German, former Polish), Gothembourg (former French) |
| Göttingen | 哥廷根 (Chinese), Getynga (Polish), Göttingen (Turkish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian), Göttinga (medieval Hungarian) , Γοττίγγη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Gramzow | Grębowo (Polish),Gramzow (German) |
| Granada | al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Granada (Catalan, Dutch, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish), Grenade (French) , Γρανάδα΄ (Greek) |
| Graz | Grác (Serbian), Grāca (Latvian), Gradec (Slovene), Gratz (French), Graz (Dutch, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Turkish), Grodziec (Polish), Štýrský Hradec (Czech) |
| Greifswald | Greifswald (Afrikaans, Dutch, French, German), Gryfia (Polish, Pommeranian) |
| Grenoble | Grasanòbol (Occitan), Grenoble (Dutch, French, Italian, Romanian) |
| Groningen | Greuninge (Limburgish), Grins (Frisian), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Groningen (Afrikaans, Dutch, German, Romanian), Groningue (French), Grönnen / Grunnen / Grunn'n (Gronings), Groot Loug or Stad (local nicknames) |
| Grozny | Caharkala or Caharkale (alternative Turkish names), Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Džochargala (alternative Lithuanian name), Groznas (Lithuanian), Groznîi (Romanian), Groznija (Latvian), Groznyj - Грозный (Russian), Grozni (Turkish), Grozny (Polish) |
| Grudziądz | Grudziądz (Polish), Graudenz (German), |
| Günzburg | Günzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish) |
| Gusev | Gąbin (Polish), Gumbinė (Lithuanian), Gumbinnen (German), Gusev - Гусев (Russian) |
| Győr | Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Ráb (Czech) |
H
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Haderslev | Hadersleben (German), Haderslev (Danish) |
| Hamburg | 漢堡 (Chinese), Amburgo (Italian), Amvúrgho - Αμβούργο (Greek), Gamburg - Гамбург (Russian), Hamborg (Danish, Low Saxon), Hambourg (French), Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Catalan, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Hamburga (Latvian), Hamburgas (Lithuanian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Hamburk (Czech), Hampuri (Finnish) |
| Hämeenlinna | Hämeenlinna (Estonian, Finnish), Tavastehus (Swedish) |
| Hamelin | Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Hamelín (Spanish), Hameln (German, Finnish) |
| Hanau | Hanau (German, Romanian), Hanava (Czech) |
| Hanover | 漢諾威 (Chinese), Anóvero - Αννόβερο (Greek), Ganover - Гановер (Russian), Hannover (Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Italian, Swedish, Turkish)), Hanôver (Portuguese), Hanóver (Spanish), Hanovera (Latvian), Hanoveris (Lithuanian), Hanovra (Romanian), Hanovre (French), Hanower (Polish), Hanôve (Walloon) |
| Hasselt | Hasselt (Dutch, French, Limburgish, Romanian), Hasse / Hasque / Hassèl (Walloon), |
| Heerlen | Heerlen (Dutch), Coriovallum (Latin), Heële (local Limburgish) |
| Heligoland | Helgoland (German, Polish, Romanian, Turkish), Heligolândia (Portuguese), Dät Luun (North Frisian) |
| Helsinki | Elsínki - Ελσίνκι (Greek), Helsingfors (Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Helsingforsia (former Latin name), Helsingi (Estonian), Helsingia (Latin), Hel'sinki (Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinki (Finnish, German, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Turkish), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsínquia (Portuguese), Chielsynki - Хельсынкі (Belarusian) Helsset (North Sami), Helzinki - Хелзинки (Bulgarian), Hilsīnkī (Arabic), Herushinki - ヘルシンキ (Japanese), Helsingk'i - 헬싱키 (Korean), Stadi and Hesa ( Slangi) |
| Heraklion | Càndia (Catalan), Candia (Italian, Spanish), Cândia/Heráclion (Portuguese), Candie (old French), Héraklion (French), Iraklio - Ηράκλειο (Greek), Iraklion (Finnish, Polish, Serbian, Romanian), Kandiye (Turkish) |
| 's Hertogenbosch | 's Hertogenbosch (Dutch, German) and Den Bosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Boscoducale (Italian), De Bos(j) (Limburgish) |
| Homyel' | Homiel = Гомель (Belarusian), Gomel' (Russian), Homl - האָמל (Yiddish), Homel (Polish), Homiel (Romanian) |
| Hoyerswerda | Hoyerswerda (German), Wojerecy (Sorbian) |
| Hrodna | Harodnia - Гародня (original Belarusian), Gardinas (Lithuanian), Grodņa (Latvian), Grodno (Finnish, Polish, Romanian, Russian), Grodne - גראָדנע (Yiddish), Гродно/Hrodno (Ukrainian) |
| Hum | Hum (Croatian, Romanian, Serbian), Colmo (Italian) |
| Huy | Huy (French), Hoei (Dutch), Hu (Walloon) |
I
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Iaşi | Iaşi (Romanian), Iasio - Ιάσιο (Greek), Iassy (former French), Jászvásár (old Hungarian), Jassy (German, Polish, former English), Yaş (Turkish) |
| Iglesias | Iglesias (Italian, Romanian, Spanish), Igresias (Sardinian), Villa di Chiesa (former Italian), Is Cresias (former Sardinian), Esglesies or Iglesies (Catalan) |
| Iisalmi | Iisalmi (Finnish), Idensalmi (Swedish) |
| Iraklion | See Heraklion |
| Innsbruck | Innsbruck (Finnish, German, Romanian), Inomost (Old Slovene), Innomostí / Inšpruk (Czech), Insbruka (Latvian), Insbrukas (Lithuanian), Insbruque (Portuguese), Inzbruk (Serbian) |
| Ioannina | Giannina (Italian), Ianina (Aromanian, Romanian), Ioannina (Finnish), Ioánnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek), Janinë / Janina (Albanian, Czech), Yánena - Γιάννενα/Yánina - Γιάννινα (Greek variants), Yanya (Turkish) |
| Istanbul | 依斯坦堡 or 依斯坦布爾 (Chinese), Bolis (Armenian), Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (French, Romanian, Serbian, Slovenian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Κωνσταντινούπολις / Konstantinúpolis Η Πόλη/I Poli (i.e. The City) (Greek), Mikligarður (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian)
|
| Ivangorod | Ивангород (Russian), Jaanilinn (Estonian) |
| Ivano-Frankivsk | Івано-Франківськ/Ivano-Frankivs'k (Ukrainian), Ивано-Франковск/Ivano-Frankovsk (Russian), Iwano-Frankowsk (Polish), İvano-Frankovsk (Turkish), Ivano-Frankovskas (Lithuanian), Iwano-Frankiwsk (German), Stanislau (former German), Станиславов/Stanislavov (former Russian), Stanislavovas (former Lithuanian), סטאַניסלעװ/Stanislev (Yiddish), Stanisławów (former Polish), Станиславів/Stanyslaviv (former Ukrainian) |
| Inverness | Inbhir Nis (Gaelic), Inbhear Nis (Irish) |
J
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Jablonec nad Nisou | Gablonz (German), Jablonec nad Nysą (Polish) |
| Jakobstad | Jakobstad (Swedish), Pietarsaari (Estonian, Finnish) |
| Jarosław | Jaroslau (German), Jarosław (Polish), Yareslev - יאַרעסלעװ (Yiddish), Yaroslav (Russian) |
| Jelgava | Mitau (German), лгава / Митава (Russian), Mitawa (Polish) |
| Jena | Iéna (French), Iena (Romanian), Jena (German) , Ιένα (Greek) |
| Jihlava | Iglau (German), Jihlava (Czech) |
| Jurbarkas | Jurbarkas (Lithuanian), Georgenburg (German), Yurburg (Yiddish) |
K
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Kajaani | Kajaani (Finnish), Kajana (Swedish) |
| Kaliningrad | Kaliningrad - Калининград (Finnish, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish), Kaliningrad / Królewiec (Polish), Kaļiņingrada (Latvian), Kalininhrad - Калінінград (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Karalaviec - Каралявец (Belarusian), Kaliningrado (Spanish, Portuguese), Kalinjingrad (Croatian, Serbian), Kaljinjingrad - Каљињинград (Serbian), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian), Kalinyingrád (Hungarian), Καλίνινγκραντ (Greek), Kalíngrad (Icelandic)
before 1946: Kenigsberg קעניגסבערג (Yiddish), Keunigsbarg (Low Saxon), Koningsbergen (Dutch), Königsberg (German, Hungarian), Konigsberga (Portuguese), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (Polish), Καινιξβέργη (Greek), Regiomontium (Latin) |
| Kamenz | Kamenz (German), Kamjenc (Upper Sorbian) |
| Kamianets-Podilskyi | Camenecium (Latin), Cameniţa (Romanian), Kamenets קאַמענעץ (Yiddish), Kamenets-Podol'skiy - Каменец-Подольский (Russian), Kamieniec Podolski (Polish), Kam"yanets'-Podil's'kyy - Кам’янець-Подільський (Ukrainian) |
| Kandalaksha | Kandalaksha - Кандалакша (Russian), Kannanlahti / Kantalahti (Finnish) |
| Kartuzy | Kartuzy (Polish), Karthaus (German), Cartusia (Latin) |
| Katowice | Katowice (Polish, Hungarian), Katovicai (Lithuanian), Katovice (Czech, Latvian, Romanian, Serbian), Katoviçe (Turkish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogród (Polish 1953-1956) |
| Kaunas | Kauen (German), Kauņa (Latvian), Kaunas (Finnish, Lithuanian, Romanian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Koŭna - Коўна (Belarusian), Kovne - קאָװנע (Yiddish), Kovno (Czech), Kovno - Ковно (Russian), Kowno (Polish) |
| Kayseri | Caesarea (Latin), Kayseri (Turkish) |
| Kazan | Casan (Latin), Kasan (German), Kazan (Turkish), Kazań (Polish), Kazaņa (Latvian), Qazan (Tatar) |
| Kem | Kem' - Кемь (Russian), Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish) |
| Kemi | Giepma (Northern Sami) |
| Kerch | Kerç (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Kerch - Керч (Ukrainian), Kerch - Керчь (Russian), Kercz (Polish), Kerci (Romanian), Kertš (Finnish), Krč (older Croatian) |
| Kętrzyn | Kętrzyn (Polish), Rastenburg (German) |
| Kharkiv | Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Charkovas (Lithuanian), Charków (Polish), Harkov (Romanian, Serbian), Harkova (Finnish, Latvian), Hárkovo - Χάρκοβο (Greek), Karkov (Turkish), Kharkiv - Харків (Ukrainian), Khar'kov - Харьков (Russian) |
| Kiel | Kiel (Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Low Saxon, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Ķīle (Latvian), Kilonia (Polish), Kylis (Lithuanian), Quília (Portuguese), Κίελο (Greek) |
| Kielce | Kielce (Polish), Kelts - קעלץ (Yiddish), Kel'tsy - Кельцы (Russian) |
| Kiev | Kænugarður (Icelandic), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiev (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish) Kiev - קיִעװ (Yiddish), Kijeŭ - Кіеў (Belarusian), Kíevo - Κίεβο (Greek), Kiew (German), Kiiev (Estonian), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovene), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kiova (Finnish), Kiyev - Киев (Russian), Kīyif (Arabic), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak); Kyyiv - Київ (Ukrainian, transliteration with double-"y" is controversial), Kyiv - Київ (Ukrainian, transliteration with single-"y" is controversial), Qiyev - קייב (Hebrew), Chiu ([very] old Romanian) |
| Kırklareli | Kırkkilise (former/Ottoman Turkish), Kırklareli (Turkish), Lozengrad (Bulgarian), Saranta Ekklisyes (Greek) |
| Kirovohrad | Kirovgrado (Portuguese, Spanish); Yelizavetgrad (former name) |
| Kilkenny | Cill Chainnigh (Irish) |
| Kiruna | Giron (Sami), Kiiruna (Finnish), Kiruna (Swedish) |
| Klagenfurt | Celovec (Czech, Slovene), Klagenfurt (German, Romanian), Želanec (alternative Czech name) |
| Klaipėda | Klaipėda (Lithuanian), Klaipeda (Estonian, Finnish, Romanian), Klaipēda (Latvian), Klajpeda (Belarusian), Kłajpeda (Polish), Meemel (former Estonian), Memel (German), Mēmele (former Latvian) |
| Kobarid | Caporetto (Italian, Romanian), Kobarid (Slovene), Cjaurêt (Friulian) |
| Kolkwitz | Gołkojce (Lower Sorbian), Kolkwitz (Niederlausitz) (German) |
| Kolomyya | Colomeea (Romanian), Kilemey - קילעמײ (Yiddish), Kolomea (German), Kołomyja (Polish), Kolomyya - Коломия (Ukrainian) |
| Komárno | Komárom (Hungarian), Komárno (Slovakian) |
| Komotini | Gümülcine (Turkish), Komotini - Κομοτηνή (Greek) |
| Kondopoga | Kondopoga - Кондопога (Russian), Kontupohja (Finnish) |
| Konstanz | Constance (French, variant in English), Constança/Constância (Portuguese), Constanţa (Romanian), Costanza (Italian), Konstanca (Serbian), Konstancja/Konstanca (Polish), Kostnice (Czech), Konstántza - Κωνστάντζα/Κωνσταντία (Greek) |
| Konya | Iconium (Latin), Ikkuninuwa (Hittite), Ikonion (Greek), Konya (Turkish) |
| Köpenick | Köpenick (German), Kopník (Czech) |
| Koper | Capodistria (Italian), Kopar (Croatian, Serbian), Koper (Slovene, Polish), Cjaudistre (Friulian) |
| Korçë | Corizza (Italian), Korçë / Korça (Albanian), Koritsa - Κορυτσά (Greek) |
| Kortrijk | Kortrijk (Dutch), Kortryk (Afrikaans) Courtrai (French, Romanian), Kortriek (Limburgish) |
| Košice | Cassovia (Latin), Kaschau (German), Kasha (Romany), Kassa (Hungarian), Košice (Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Koshytsi - (old Ukrainian) Koszyce (Polish), Caşovia (old Romanian) |
| Kosovo Polje | Fushë Kosova (Albanian), Amselfeld (German), Câmpia Mierlei (Romanian), Champ des merles (French), Kosovo Polje (Serbian), Kosowe Pole (Polish), Kosifopédhio - Κοσσυφοπέδιο (Greek), Merelveld (Afrikaans, Dutch), Rigómező (Hungarian) |
| Kotor | Cattaro (Italian), Kotor (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Kovel | Kovel' - Ковель (Russian, Ukrainian), Kowel (Polish), Kovl - קאָװל (Yiddish) |
| Kraków | Kraków (Polish, Swedish), Krakow and Kraków, formerly also Cracow (English variants), Cracovia (Italian, Romanian, Spanish), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kroke - קראָקע (Yiddish), Kraká (Icelandic), Krakau (Dutch, German), Краків/Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakkó (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Krakova (Latvian, Finnish), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian), Krakaŭ - Кракаў (Belarusian) |
| Krems | Krems (German, Romanian), Kremže / Křemže (Czech) |
| Kristianstad | Kristianstad (Swedish), Kristianstadas (Lithuanian) |
| Kristinestad | Christinae Stadh (former Swedish), Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Kristinestad (Swedish), Kristingrad - Кристинград (Serbian), Krinstianstad (Polish) |
| Krnov | Carnovia (Latin), Jägerndorf (German), Karniów (former Polish), Krnov (Czech), Krnów (Polish) |
| Kudowa Zdrój | Chudoba (Czech), Kudowa-Zdrój (Polish) |
| Kuopio | Kuopio (Finnish, Swedish) |
| Kuressaare | Arensburg (former German and Swedish) |
| Kwidzyn | Kwidzyn (Polish), Marienwerder (German) |
| Kyle of Lochalsh | Caol Loch Ailse (Scots Gaelic) |
L
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Labin | Albona (Italian), Labin (Croatian, Serban) |
| Lahti | Lahti (Estonian, Finnish, Romanian, Slovene), Lahtis (Swedish) |
| Lakhva | Лахва (Belarusian), Łachwa (Polish), Лахва (Russian), לחווא (Hebrew), לאַכװע (Yiddish) |
| Lappeenranta | Lappeenranta (Estonian, Finnish), Villmanstrand (Swedish) |
| Lausanne | Lausanne (French, Finnish, Romanian, Swedish), Lausana (Spanish, Portuguese), Losanna (Italian), Lozan (Armenian, Turkish), Lozana (Serbian), Lozáni - Λωζάννη (Greek), Lozanna (Latvian, Polish), Luzana (Slovene) |
| Leeuwarden | Leeuwarden (Dutch, Finnish), Ljouwert (Frisian), Liwwarden (Town Frisian), Liewarde (Limburgish) |
| Leghorn | Liorna (Spanish), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Romanian), Livourne (French),Λιβόρνο (Greek) |
| Leicester | لستر (Persian), Caerlyr (Welsh), Ratae (Latin), Leicestria (Church Latin) |
| Leiden | Leida (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Leiden (Dutch, Slovene), Lejda (Polish), Leyde (French), Leyden (variant in English) |
| Leipzig | 萊比錫 (Chinese), Lajpcig (Serbian), Lajpcyg - Ляйбцыґ (Belarusian), Leipciga (Latvian), Leipcigas (Lithuanian), Leipsic (older English), Leipzig (Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lipsía - Λειψία (Greek), Lipsia (Italian), Lípsia (Portuguese), Lipsk (Lower Sorbian, Polish), Lipsko (Czech, Slovak) |
| Lębork | Lauenburg (German), Lębork (Polish) |
| Leuven | Leuven (Afrikaans, Dutch, Finnish), Louvain (French, Romanian), Lováin (Irish), Lovaina (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Lovaň (Czech), Lovanio (Italian), Löwen (German), Lovin (Walloon), Léiwen (Luxembourgish) |
| Lezhë | Lezhë / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian) |
| Liège | Liège (French, Hungarian, Swedish), Lîdje / Lîdge (Walloon), Léck (Luxembourgish), Leodium (Latin), L'ež - Льеж (Russian), Лиеж (Bulgarian), Liege (Finnish, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Liége (former French, Portuguese), Liegi (Italian), Lieĝo (Esperanto), Lieja (Catalan, Spanish), Liéyi - Λιέγη (Greek), Liež (Bulgarian, Serbian), Lježa (Latvian), Luik (Dutch), Lutych (Czech), Lüttich (German), Luuk (Luik) (Limburgish), ولييج (Arabic), 列日 (Chinese), ליאז' (Hebrew), リエージュ (Japanese) |
| Liepāja | Libau (German), Liepoja (Lithuanian), Libava (former Russian), Libave - ליבאַװע (Yiddish), Liepaja (Estonian, Finnish, Romanian), Liepāja (Latvian), Liibavi (former Estonian), Lipawa (Polish), Liyepaya (Russian) |
| Lier | Lier (Dutch), Lierre (French) |
| Lille | Lille (French, Finnish, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian), Rijsel (Flemish Dutch), Rijssel (Dutch), Rijk (Flemish dialect), Lil (Serbian), Lilla (Catalan, Italian), |
| Limoges | Lemòtges (Occitan), Limož (Serbian) |
| Limassol | Lemesos - Λεμεσός (Greek), Leymosun (obsolete Turkish), Limasol (Turkish) |
| Limerick | Limeriko (Esperanto), Luimneach (Irish) |
| Linköping | Lincopia (Latin), Linköping (Danish, Finnish, Swedish) |
| Linz | Lentia (Latin), Linca (Latvian), Linec (Czech), Linz (German, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Lisbon | 里斯本 (Chinese), ليسبون (Persian), Liospóin (Irish), Lisabon (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak), Lisabona (Latvian, Lithuanian, Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lisbono (Esperanto), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna - Λισσαβώνα (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Armenian, Turkish), Lizbona (Polish, Slovene), Ushbune (old Arabian) |
| Liverpool | 利物浦 (Chinese), ليورپول (Persian), Learpholl (Irish), Lerpwl (Welsh), Liverpūle (Latvian), Liverpulis (Lithuanian), Liverpulo (Esperanto), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh) |
| Livorno | Liorna (Catalan), Livorno or Leghorn (English), Livourne (French) |
| Ljubljana | Laibach (German), Liubliana (Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Liublijana (Lithuanian), Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Ljubljana (Croatian, Finnish, French, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Lubiana (Italian), Lubjanë (Albanian), Lublaň (Czech), Ļubļana (Latvian), Lublana (Polish), Ľubľana (Slovak), Lubliyana (Turkish), Loubliána - Λουμπλιάνα (Greek), Ljubljana - Люблянa (Russian), |
| Lleida | Lerida (Italian, Romanian), Lérida (French, Portuguese, Spanish), Lleida (Catalan, Finnish) |
| Löbau | Löbau (German), Lubij (Upper Sorbian), Lubiniec (Polish) |
| London | 倫敦 (Chinese), Landan (Arabic), لندن (Persian, Urdu), Llundain (Welsh), Londain (Irish), Londan - Лёндан (Belarusian), Londe (Limburgish), Londen (Afrikaans, Dutch), Londhíno - Λονδίνο (Greek), Londinium (Latin), Londona (Latvian), Londonas (Lithuanian), Londono (Esperanto), Londra (Albanian, Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Londres (Catalan, French, Portuguese, Spanish), Londrez (Breton), Londyn (Polish), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Lundenwic (Anglo-Saxon), Lundúnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scots Gaelic), Reondeon - 런던 (Korean), Rondon - ロンドン (Japanese) |
| Londonderry | Derio (Esperanto), Derry (almost universally used in English in Republic of Ireland; disputed usage in Northern Ireland), Doire/Doire Cholm Cille (Irish), Lunnonderry (Scots) |
| Longwy | Longwy (French), Langich (German), Lonkech or Lonkesch (Luxembourgish) |
| Lourdes | Lorda (Catalan, Occitan), Lourde (Provençal), Lourdes (French, Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Lurdy (Czech) , Λούρδη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Lübben | Lübben (German), Lubin (Lower Sorbian, Polish) |
| Lübbenau | Lübbenau (German), Lubnjow (Lower Sorbian) |
| Lübeck | Libek (Serbian), Lībeka (Latvian), Liubekas (Lithuanian), Lubecca (Italian), Lübeck (French, German, Low Saxon, Romanian, Swedish), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lubeque (Portuguese), Lüübek (Estonian), Lyypekki (Finnish) , Λυβέκη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Lublin | Lublino (Italian), Liublinas (Lithuanian), Люблин (Russian), ルブリン (Japanese), לובלין (Hebrew) |
| Lucca | Luca (Portuguese), Lucca (Italian, Romanian), Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish) |
| Lucerne | Liucerna (Lithuanian), Lucern (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Lucerna (Italian, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Lucerne (French), Lukérni - Λουκέρνη (Greek), Luzern (Afrikaans, Dutch, Finnish, German, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Luzerna (Catalan) |
| Luleå | Luleå (Swedish), Lulėja (Lithuanian), Luleo (Latvian, Serbian), Luulaja (Finnish) |
| Lund | Lund (Danish, Swedish), Lunda (Latin, Latvian) |
| Lüneburg | Lüneburch (Low Saxon), Lüneburg (German, Romanian), Luneburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Lunenburg (Dutch, variant in English) |
| Lutsk | Luckas (Lithuanian), Luţk (Romanian), Lutsk / Luts’k / Луцьк (Ukrainian), Łuck (Polish), |
| Luxembourg | 盧森堡 (Chinese), Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg - Люксембург (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, Slovene), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Luksemburgio (Esperanto), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lussimbork (Walloon), Lützelburg (former German), Lúxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Estonian, French, Hungarian [for the city]), Luxemburg (Afrikaans, Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Hungarian [for the country], Romanian, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxembursko (Slovak), Luxemvúrgho - Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh), Luksemburg - Люксэмбурґ(Belarusian) |
| L'viv | Ilyvó (old Hungarian), Lavov (Croatian, Serbian), Lemberg (German), Lemberg - לעמבערג (Yiddish), Léopol (French), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Liov (Romanian), L'viv - Львів (Ukrainian), L'voŭ - Львоў (Belarusian), Lvov (Czech, Portuguese, Slovene), L'vov - Львов (Russian), Ľvov (Slovak), Ļvova (Latvian), Lvovas (Lithuanian), Lwów (Polish) |
| Lyon | Lião (Portuguese), Lijonas (Lithuanian), Lió (Catalan), Lión - Λυών (Greek) , Λούγδουνον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Liona (Latvian), Lione (Italian), Liono (Esperanto), Liyon (Serbian, Turkish), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin), Lyon (Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Slovene), Lyón (Spanish), Lyons (traditional English name) |
M
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Maastricht | Mastriht (Serbian), Maastricht (Dutch, Finnish, French, Romanian), Maestricht (former French, Flemisch, Romanian variant), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Māstrihta (Latvian), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (Limburgish), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon) |
| Madrid | 馬德里 (Chinese), Madhríti - Μαδρίτη (Greek), Madorīdo - マドリード (Japanese), Madri (Brazilian Portuguese), Madrid (Finnish, French, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madride (Latvian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), Mecrit (Arabic) |
| Mahilyow | Mahiloŭ - Магілёў (Belarusian), Mogilev (Russian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Molev - מאָלעװ (Yiddish), Movilău (Romanian), Moghilău (Romanian variant), Mogiliovas (Lithuanian) |
| Mainz | 美因茨(Chinese), Määnz (local dialect), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Mainca (Latvian), Mainz (Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Meenz (former local dialect), Maienţa (old Romanian), Maghentía - Μαγεντία (Greek, along with the modern name) |
| Malbork | Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German), Malborg (Romanian) |
| Malmö | Malme (Latvian), Malmø (Danish), Malmö (Finnish, Swedish, Turkish), Malmogia (Latin) |
| Manchester | 曼彻斯特 (Chinese), Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestera (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Manchain (Irish), Manchéster (Portuguese), Mancunium (Latin) , Μαγχεστρία (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Mantua | Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Romanian, Slovak), Mantua (Latin), Mântua (Portuguese) |
| Maribor | Marburg (German), Marburgo (Portuguese), Maribor (Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian) |
| Mariehamn | Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish) |
| Marktredwitz | Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech) |
| Marseille | Mareseļa (Latvian), Marseille (Finnish, French, Swedish), Marseilles (English variant), Marsel' - Марсель (Russian), Marselha (Portuguese), Marselis (Lithuanian), Marselj (Serbian), Marseljo (Esperanto), Marsella (Spanish), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsilha/Marselha (Occitan), Marsilia (Romanian), Marsīliyā (Arabic), Marsilya (Armenian, Turkish), Marsylia (Polish), Massalía - Μασσαλία (Greek), Massilia (Latin) |
| Mechelen | Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French, Romanian), Mechelen (Dutch, Finnish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name) |
| Meißen | Meisene (Latvian), Meißen (German), Meissen (Romanian), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish) |
| Melk | Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (former German) |
| Messina | Mesīna (Latvian), Mesíni - Μεσσίνη (Greek), Messina (Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Turkish), Messine (French), Messyna / Mesyna (Polish), Missina (Sicilian) |
| Metz | Divodurum (Latin), Meca (Latvian), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mety (Czech), Metz (Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian) |
| Międzybórz | Mezbizh - מעזביזש (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Polish) |
| Miercurea-Ciuc | Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German) |
| Mikkeli | Mikkeli (Finnish), Sankt Michel (Swedish) |
| Mikulov | Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German) |
| Milan | 米蘭 (Chinese), Mailand (German), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana Μεδιόλανα (former Greek), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Dutch), Milan (French, Friulian), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Milāna (Latvian), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Miláno - Μιλάνο (Greek, Slovak), Milánó (Hungarian), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milanas (Lithuanian) |
| Minsk | Minsk - Мінск or Miensk - Менск (Belarusian), Minsk - Минск (Russian, Serbian), Minsk - מינסק (Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k - Мінськ (Ukrainian), Minska (Latvian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minszk (Hungarian), Minskas (Lithuanian), Minsk (Finnish, Romanian, Turkish) |
| Miskolc | Miskolc (Hungarian, Finnish), Miškolc (Serbian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish), Mişcolţ (Romanian) |
| Moineşti | Moineşti (Romanian), Mojnest (Hungarian) |
| Modena | Modène (French), Módena (Spanish), Mutina (Latin) |
| Monaco | 摩納哥 (Chinese), Manaka - Манака (Belarusian), Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Basque, Esperanto, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monegue (Occitan), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque) |
| Mons | Bergen (Dutch), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (French, Romanian), Mont (Walloon), Berg (Limburgish) |
| Monschau | Monschau (German), Montjoie (French) |
| Montbéliard | Mömpelgard (German), Montbéliard (French, Romanian) |
| Moscow | 莫斯科 (Chinese), Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Lithuanian), Maskva - Масква (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscou (Portuguese of Brazil), Moscovo (Portuguese of Europe), Moscú (Spanish), Mosekao (Hawaiian), Moskau (German), Móskha - Μόσχα (Greek), Moskou (Afrikaans, Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva (Armenian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Hebrew, Norwegian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Ukrainian, Icelandic), Moskve - מאָסקװע (Yiddish), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Bahasa Indonesia, Polish), Mosukuwa - モスクワ (Japanese), Moszkva (Hungarian), Mūskū (Arabic) |
| Mosonmagyaróvár | Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German) |
| Motovun | Motovun (Croatian, Serbian), Montona (Italian) |
| Mścisłaŭ | See Amścisłaŭ |
| Mukacheve | Mucacevo (Romanian), Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian, Serbian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh - מינקאַטש (Yiddish), Muncaci (Romanian variant), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German) |
| Mulhouse | Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (Finnish, French, Romanian), Mylhúzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish) , Μυλούζη (Greek) |
| Munich | 慕尼黑 (Chinese), Minhen (Serbian), Minhene (Latvian), Minkhn - מינכן (Yiddish); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Мюнхен/Myunkhen (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho - Μόναχο (Greek), Monakovo (old Slovene), München (Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Low Saxon, modern Slovene, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon), Munikh (Armenian) Minga (Bavarian) |
| Münster | Minstere (Latvian), Münster (German, Romanian, Turkish), Meuster (Walloon), Monastyr (Polish) |
| Murmansk | Moermansk (Dutch), Mourmansk (French), Murmansaka (Latvian), Murmansk - Мурманск (Belarusian, Russian, Serbian), Murmansk (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Murmańsk (Polish), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (former Finnish), Muurmansk or Murmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name), Múrmansk (Icelandic) |
| Mykolaiv or Mykolayiv | Nikolayev or Nikolaev - Никола́ев (Russian) |
N
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Namur | Namur (French, Romanian), Namen (Dutch), Nameur (Walloon) |
| Nancy | Nancy (French, Romanian), Nanzig (German), Nanzeg (Luxembourgish) |
| Nantes | An Naoned (Breton), Nantes (French), Naunnt (Gallo) , Νάντη (Greek) |
| Naoussa | Naoussa - Νάουσα (Greek), Negush - Негуш (Macedonian, Bulgarian) |
| Naples | Nābūlī (Arabic), Napels (Dutch), Naples (French), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German, Swedish), Neapelj (Slovene), Neapole (Latvian, old Romanian), Neapolis (Latin, Lithuanian), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Nápoli - Νάπολη (modern Greek), Neápolis - Νεάπολις (ancient Greek) |
| Narbonne | Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Spanish), Narbonne (French, Romanian) |
| Navahradak | Navahrudak - Навагрудак (Belarusian), Naugardukas (Lithuanian), Nowogródek (Polish), Novogrudok (Russian) |
| Neuchâtel | Neuchâtel (French, Romanian), Neuenburg (German) |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | 纽卡素 (Chinese), An Caisleán Nua (Irish), Nova Castra (Latin) |
| Newport (Monmouthshire) | Casnewydd (Welsh) |
| Newport (Pembrokeshire) | Trefdraeth (Welsh) |
| Nice | 尼斯 (Chinese), Nica (Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Serbian), Niça (Catalan, Occitan), Nicaea (Latin), Nice (French, Swedish), Nicea (Polish), Níkea - Νίκαια (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian), Nissa (Occitan variant, Provençal), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German, Hungarian) |
| Nicosia | Lefkoşe or Lefkoşa (Turkish), Lefkosía - Λευκωσία (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikosija (Latvian, Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Lithuanian, Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic) |
| Nieuweschans | Neuschanz (German), Nieuweschans (Dutch) |
| Nijmegen | Nijmegen (Dutch, Romanian), Nimega (Italian, Spanish), Nimègue (French), Nimwegen (German), Nîmegue (Walloon), Batavodurum, Noviomagum (Latin), Nimwege (local dialect, possible Limburgs), Nijmege (common Limburgs) |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Nižni Noŭharad - Ніжні Ноўгарад (Belarusian), Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian, Turkish), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish, Serbian), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish); Gorky (former name 1932-1990), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian), Ņižņnovgoroda (Latvian) |
| Novi Sad | Neusatz (German), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Serbian), Nový Sad (Slovak), Újvidék (Hungarian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian), Novisada (Latvian), Novi Sad (Romanian), Nowy Sad (Polish) |
| Nowy Sącz | Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish) |
| Nuoro | Nuoro (Italian), Nugoro (Sardinian) |
| Nuremberg | Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Nirnberg (Serbian), Norimberg (Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürnberg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Turkish), Nürenberg (Romanian), Nirnberga (Latvian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian), Näöreberg (Limburgish) |
O
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Óbuda (now part of Budapest) | Altofen (German), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech), Buda (Polish), Buda (Veche) (Romanian) |
| Odessa | Ades - אַדעס (Yiddish), Hacıbey (obsolete Turkish), Одеса/Odesa (Ukrainian, Serbian), Odessa (Russian, Polish, Turkish variant), Odesa (Latvian, Romanian, Turkish), Odhissós - Οδησσός (Greek) |
| Ohrid | Охрид (Macedonian, Bulgarian,Serbian), Ohrídha - Οχρίδα/Αχρίδα (Greek), Ohër (Albanian), Ochryda (Polish), Ohri (Turkish)
Older Graeco-Illyrian names include Dyassarites, Lychnidos, Lychnis, Ochrida, and Achrida |
| Olbia | Olbia (Italian), Terranoa (Sardinian), Tarranoa (Corsican), Terranova Pausania (former Italian) |
| Oldenburg | Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian) |
| Olkusz | Hilcus (Latin), Ilkenau (German 1942-45), Ilkusz (former Polish), Olkusch (German), Olkusz (Polish) |
| Olomouc | Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech - Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium, Iuliomontium or Olomucii (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish) |
| Olsztyn | Allenstein (German), Olsztyn (Polish), Olštinas (Lithuanian), Ольштын (Russian) |
| Oneşti | Oneşti (Romania), Onyest (Hungarian) |
| Opatija | Abbazia (Italian), Opatija (Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Slovene), Sankt Jakobi (German) |
| Opava | Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German) |
| Opole | Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German) |
| Oradea | Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Oradea-Mare (former Romanian), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish) |
| Oranienburg | Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German), Oranienburg (German) |
| Oristano | Oristano (Italian), Aristanis (Sardinian), Oristany (Catalan), Oristan (Spanish) |
| Osijek | Eszék (Hungarian), Esseg (former German), Mursa (Latin), Osijek (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Swedish), Osijekas (Lithuanian), Осијек (Serbian), โอซีเยค (Thai), Osiek (Polish) |
| Oslo | Asloa (Latin), Oslo (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Ūslū (Arabic), Oslas (Lithuanian), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624-1925), Kristiania (late version of former name) |
| Osnabrück | Osnabrück (German, Romanian), Osnabrugge (Dutch), Osnabruque (Portuguese) |
| Ostend | Oostende (Dutch), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostinde (Walloon) , Οστάνδη (Greek) |
| Ostrava | Ostrau (German), Ostrawa (Polish) |
| Ostrów Wielkopolski | Ostrovia (Latin), Ostrowo (German), Ostrów (former Polish), Ostrów Wielkopolski (Polish) |
| Oświęcim | Oświęcim (Polish), 奧斯威辛 (Chinese), Auschwitz (German, Romanian), Aushvitsa (Romany), Oshpitizin (Yiddish), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Osvyenchim (Romany), Aušvice (Latvian) |
| Oulu | Oulu (Estonian, Finnish, Polish), Olu (Latvian), Uleåborg (Swedish) |
| Oxford | Okkusufōdo - オックスフォード (Japanese), Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxonia (Latin), Rhydychen (Welsh), Oksforda (Latvian), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksford (Polish, Serbian), Oksfórdhi - Οξφόρδη (Greek), 牛津 (Niú jìn - literally ox ford) (Chinese) |
| Ozieri | Ozieri (Italian), Othieri (Sardinian), Ocier (Spanish, Catalan) |
P
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Padua | Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Pádua (Portuguese), Paduja (Latvian), Padua (German, Swedish), Padwa (Polish), Padue (Friulian) , Πάδουα/Πάδοβα (Greek) |
| Palermo | Palermu or Palemmu (Sicilian), Palerme (French), Palermo (Dutch, German, Italian, Finnish, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Palermas (Lithuanian), Panormos - Πάνορμος (Greek), Palerma - Палерма (Belarusian) |
| Pamplona | Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Pamplona (Catalan, Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish), Pompaelo (Latin) |
| Panevėžys | Poniewież (Polish), Ponewesch (German) |
| Paris | 巴黎 (Chinese), Bārīs (Arabic), Lutetia (Latin), Paräis (Luxembourgish), Páras (Irish), Pari - パリ (Japanese), Parigi (Italian), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish, Icelandic), Paris (French, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish) Parísi - Παρίσι (Greek), Παρίσιοι Greek - καθαρεύουσα)
, Париж/Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian), Pariz (Croatian, Slovene), Pariz - Париз (Serbian), Pariz - פּאַריז (Yiddish), Paříž (Czech), Paríž (Slovak), Parīze (Latvian), Parizo (Esperanto), Párizs (Hungarian), Parys (Afrikaans), Paryż (Polish), Париж/Paryzh (Ukrainian), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paries (Limburgish), Paryž - Парыж (Belarusian) |
| Parma | Parma (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Latin, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Belarusian), Parme (French), Πάρμα Greek) |
| Pärnu | Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Swedish), Pernau (German), Pērnava (Latvian), Piarnu (Belarusian, Lithuanian) |
| Passau | Batavia Bavariae (feudal Latin), Castra batava (Roman Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech), Passau (Dutch, French, German, Romanian, Turkish), Passovia (Italian) |
| Pazin | Mitterburg (German), Pazin (Croatian, Serbian), Pisino (Italian), |
| Pechory | Petschur (former German), Petseri (Estonian, Finnish) |
| Pécs | Beci (old Romanian), Pětikostelí (Czech), Peç (Turkish), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Päťkostolie (Slovak), Pecz (Polish), Pečuj - Печуј (Serbian), Quinqueecclesiae (Latin), Cinquechiese (old Italian) |
| Peenemünde | Peenemünde (German), Pianoujście (Polish) |
| Perpignan | Perpignan (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Romanian), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhan (Occitan), Perpinhão (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan) |
| Perugia | Pérouse (French), Perugia (Dutch, German, Italian, Romanian), Perusa (Spanish), Perusia (Latin) |
| Petrozavodsk | Petrosawodsk (German), Petroskoi (Finnish), Petrozavodsk (Russian), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian), Pietrazavodzk - Петразаводзк (Belarusian), Äänislinna (former Finnish), Pietrozawodzk (Polish) |
| Piacenza | Piacenza (German, Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish), Piacenţa (Romanian) , Placentia (Latin), Plakentia - Πλακεντία (Greek) |
| Piatra Neamţ | Piatra Neamţ (Romanian), Karácsonkő (Hungarian) |
| Piła | Piła (Polish), Schneidemühl (German) |
| Piotrków Trybunalski | Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish), Petrikau (German), Petrikev - פּעטריקעװ (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian), |
| Piran | Piran (Croatian, German, Serbian, Slovene), Pirano (Italian), Pyrrhanum (Latin) |
| Plauen | Plauen (Dutch, French, German, Polish), Plavno (Czech) |
| Pleven | Pleven (Bulgarian, Serbian), Plevna (Romanian, Russian), Plevne (Turkish), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (German, Polish) |
| Plovdiv | Filippopoli (Italian), Philippolis (Roman Latin), Philipúpoli - Φιλιππούπολη (Greek), Plovdiv (Bulgarian, Dutch, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Portuguese), Plowdiw (German), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian, former name), Trimontium (Roman Latin, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slavic, former name) |
| Plymouth | Pleimuiden (Dutch alternate), Plimuto (Esperanto) |
| Plzeň | Pilsen (English, German, Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian), Pilzene (Latvian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech, Romanian) |
| Podgorica | Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name), Podgorica (Finnish, Portuguese, Polish) |
| Polatsk | Połacak - Полацак (traditional Belarusian), Połack - Полацк(sovietized Belarusian), Połock (Polish), Полоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock (Russian), Poloţk (Romanian) |
| Pompeii | Pompei (Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Pompéi (French), Pompéia (Portuguese), Pompeji (Dutch, German, Latin, Slovene), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Latvian, Serbian), Pompeje (Polish, Czech), Pompiía - Πομπηία (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompeji, (Danish, Swedish) |
| Porec | Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Pori | Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Latvian) |
| Porto | Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian, Spanish, English variant), Portas (Lithuanian), Porto (Czech, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Portus Cale (Latin) |
| Portorož | Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Serbian, Slovene) |
| Porvoo | Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian), Borgoa (Latin) |
| Potsdam | 波茨坦 (Chinese), Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdama (Latvian), Potsdamas (Lithuanian) |
| Poznań | Poznań (Polish), Posen (Dutch, German), Posnania (Latin), Poyzn - פּױזן (Yiddish), Poznaņa (Latvian), Poznanė (Lithuanian), Poznaň (Czech), Poznan (French (for the city), Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Poznań - Познань (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Posnanie (French alternate, but only for the region/province), Poznanie (French alternate, but only for the region/province), |
| Prague | Birāġ (Arabic), Praag (Dutch, Limburgish), Prag (Bosnian, Croatian, Danish, German, Luxembourgish, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish, Icelandic), Prâg (Welsh), Prág (Irish), Pràg (Scottish Gaelic), Praga (Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Kashubian, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovene, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto), Prága - Πράγα (Greek, Hungarian), Prague (English, French, Tagalog), Praha (Belarusian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Ido, Indonesian, Nauruan, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Prāga (Latvian), Prog - פּראָג (Yiddish), Puraha - プラハ (Japanese) |
| Pravdinsk | Friedland (German), Pravdinsk (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian) |
| Priozersk | Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name), Priozersk (German, Russian) |
| Priština | Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian), Priština (Czech),Priştina (Romanian, Turkish), Prisztina (Polish), Pristina (Portuguese), Pristino (Esperanto), Priština (Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovene), Prístina - Πρίστινα (Greek) |
| Pruszcz Gdański | Pruszcz Gdański (Polish), Praust (German), |
| Przemyśl | Przemyśl (Polish), Peremyshl - Перемишль (Russian, Ukrainian), Premisl - פּרעמיסל (Yiddish), Romanian), Peremisla (old Romanian), Pieramyšl - Перамышль (Belarusian), Prömsel (rare German) |
| Pskov | Pihkova (Finnish), Pihkva (Estonian), Pleskau (historical German), Pleskava (Latvian), Pskov (Dutch, Romanian, Russian), Pskovas (Lithuanian), Pskow (modern German, Psków (Polish), Pskoŭ - Пскоў (Belarusian) |
| Pula | Pola (Dutch, French, German, Italian), Póla (Hungarian), Pula (Croatian, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Pulj (Slovene), Polei (archaic German) |
| Puławy | Pilev - פּילעװ (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish) Pilev (English, Spanish) Pullno (German) |
| Pyrzyce | Pyrzyce (Polish), Pyritz (German), |
Q
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Quimper | Quimper (French), Kemper (Breton), Corspotium (Latin) |
R
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Raahe | Raahe (Finnish), Brahestad (Swedish) |
| Rădăuţi | Rădăuţi (Romanian), Radautz (German), Radevits - ראַדעװיץ (Yiddish), Radowce (Polish), Rádóc (Hungarian), Rothacenum (Latin) |
| Radymno | Radymno (Polish), Redem - רעדעם (Yiddish) |
| Rakvere | Wesenberg or Wesenbergh (former German) |
| Rauma | Rauma (Estonian, Finnish), Raumo (Swedish) |
| Ravenna | Raben (old German), Ravena (Romanian), Ravenna (Italian, Finnish), Rawenna (Polish) , Ραβέννα (Greek) |
| Regensburg | Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian, Spanish), Ratisbonne (French), Ratyzbona (Polish), Ratisbon (former English, Latin), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (Dutch, German, Romanian), Řezno (Czech) ,Ρατισβόννη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Rennes | Roazhon (Breton), Rennes (French, Finnish), Resnn (Gallo) |
| Reykjavík | Reykjavik (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Norwegian, Romanian), Reykjavík (Icelandic, Swedish), Rejkjaviko (Esperanto), Reikjavīka (Latvian), Reikyavik (Persian), Reykyavik or Reykavik (Turkish), Rejkiawik + Reykjawik (alternates for Polish) |
| Rheims | Reims (Dutch, Finnish, French, Romanian, German), Remeš (Czech), Remso (Esperanto), Reimsa (Latvian), Reimsas (Lithuanian), Ρήμες (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Riga | Riga (Dutch, German, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Rīga (Latvian), Rīġā (Arabic), Rige - ריגע (Yiddish), Ріга/Riha (Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish), Ryha - Рыга (Belarusian), Ρίγα (Greek) |
| Rijeka | Fiume (Italian, old Hungarian), Reka (Slovene), Rijeka (Croatian, Finnish, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian), St. Veit am Flaum (German), Rieka (Persian) |
| Rivne | Рівне/Rivne (Ukrainian), Rovne - ראָװנע (Yiddish), Rovno (Romanian, Russian), Równe (Polish), Rowno (German) |
| Roč | Roč (Croatian), Rozzo (Italian) |
| Roman | Roman (Romanian), Románvásár (Hungarian), Romanvarasch (German) |
| Rome | 羅馬 (Chinese), Rhufain (Welsh), Rim (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Slovene), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), An Róimh (Irish), Rom (Danish, German, Swedish), Rómi - Ρώμη (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Rōma - ローマ (Japanese), Rome (Dutch, French), Romo (Esperanto), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Roum (Luxembourgish), Roym - רױם (Yiddish), Rūmiya (Arabic), Рим/Rym (Ukrainian), Rzym (Polish), Rome, Roeme, Roame (Limburgish, depending on dialect), Róm (Icelandic) |
| Roskilde | Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Swedish, Turkish, Polish) |
| Rostock | Rostock (Estonian, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Rostoka (Latvian), Rostokas (Lithuanian), Roztoka (former Polish), Rostock/Rostok (alternates for Polish)Roztoky (Czech) |
| Rouen | Rouen (French, Romanian), Rouaan (Dutch alternate), Ruão (Portuguese), Ruāna (Latvian), Rúðuborg (Icelandic), Ρουένη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Rovaniemi | Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Estonian, Finnish, Swedish, Turkish), Rovaniemis (Lithuanian) |
| Rovinj | Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Rzeszów | Rzeszów (Polish, Romanian), Reichshof (German 1939-1945), Řešov (Czech), Reyshe - רײשע (Yiddish), Ryashiv (Ukrainian), |
S
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| St Albans | Verlamion (British), Verulamium (Latin), Verlamchester or Wæclingacaester (Old English) |
| St Andrews | Cille Rimhinn (Scottish Gaelic), Sanct Andraes (Lowland Scots), Kilrymont or Kilrule (former) |
| Saarbrücken | Saarbrücken (German, Romanian), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish), Sarbriukenas (Lithuanian), Saarbrécken (Luxembourgish) |
| Saarlouis | Sarrelouis (French), Saarlouis (German), Saarlautern (German 1939-1945) |
| Sagunto | Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish), Sanguntum (Latin) |
| Salzburg | 薩爾茨堡 (Chinese), Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (German, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Salzburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech), Zalcburga (Latvian), Zalcburgas (Lithuanian) |
| Samara | Kujbišev (Slovene, former name), Kuybyshev (former name) |
| Sânnicolau Mare | Groß Sankt Nikolaus (German), Nagyszentmiklós (Hungarian), Sânnicolau Mare / Sân Nicolau Mare (Romanian) |
| San Sebastián | Donostia (Basque), San Sebatian (Romania), San Sebastián (Spanish, Finnish), Sant Sebastià (Catalan), Saint-Sébastien (French), San Sebastijanas (Lithuanian) |
| Santiago de Compostela | Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Santiago de Compostel·la (Catalan), Sant Jaume de Galícia (former Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Finnish, Portuguese), Santiago di Compostella (Italian) |
| Saragossa | Caesaraugusta (Latin), Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragosa (Latvian, Serbian, Slovene), Saragossa (Catalan, German, Polish), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Zaragoza (Aragonese, Czech, Finnish Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Sarkusta (Arabic) |
| Sarajevo | Saraievo (Romanian), Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajevo (Croatian, Bosnian, Finnish, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Saraybosna (Turkish), Szarajevó (Hungarian), Sarājeva (Latvian), Sarajevas (Lithuanian), Sarajevë (Albanian) |
| Saranda | Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Áyii Saránda - Άγιοι Σαράντα (Greek), Santiquaranta (Italian) |
| Sarreguemines | Sarreguemines (French), Saargemünd (German) |
| Sartene | Sartè (Corsican), Sartena (Italian), Sartene (French) |
| Sassari | Sàsser (Catalan), Sásser (Old Spanish), Sassari (Corsican, Finnish, Italian, Sassarese), Sassari / Tathari / Tattari (Sardinian) |
| Saverne | Zabern (German) |
| Schaffhausen | Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German, Romanian), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish) |
| Schmogrow | Schmogrow (German), Smogorjow (Lower Sorbian) |
| Schweinfurt | Schweinfurt (German, Romanian, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech) |
| Schwerin | Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech) |
| Schwyz | Schwytz (French, Finnish), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh) |
| Senj | Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Zengg (former Hungarian) |
| Sevastopol | Aqyar (Crimean Tatar, Tatar), Sevastopol' - Севастополь (Russian, Ukrainian), Akyar and variant Sivastopol (Turkish), Sebastopol (former English), Sevastopol (Finnish, Romanian), Sevastopole (Latvian), Sewastopol (Polish), Sevastúpoli - Σεβαστούπολη (Greek), Sebastopoli (Italian) |
| Seville | al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Hispalis (Latin), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevilia (former Romanian), Sevilja (Serbian), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish), Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Seviļa (Latvian), Sevilija (Lithuanian), Sevíli - Σεβίλλη (Greek) |
| 's-Hertogenbosch | Den Bosch or 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Herzogenbusch (German), Hertogenbosch (Italian), 's-Hertogenbosch (English, Polish, Swedish) |
| Shkodër | İşkodra (Turkish), Shkodër (Albanian), Scutari (Italian, old Romanian), Scodra (Latin), Scutari (Italian, old Romanian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Szkodra (Polish), Skutari (German) , Σκόδρα (Greek) |
| Shrewsbury | Amwythig (Welsh) |
| Šiauliai | Šaŭli - Шаўлі (Belarusian), Schaulen (German), Shaulyay or Shavli (Russian), Shavl - שאַװל (Yiddish), Šiauliai (Lithuanian, Finnish), Šauļi (Latvian), Szawle (Polish) |
| Sibenik | Sebenico (former Hungarian, Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Szybenik (Polish) |
| Sibiu | Sibiň (Czech), Sibiu (Romanian, Finnish, Turkish), Hermannstadt (German), Nagyszeben (Hungarian), Sybin (Polish) |
| Siedlce | Sedlets (Russian), Shedlets - שעדלעץ (Yiddish), Siedlce (Polish) |
| Sienna | Sienne (French), Siena (Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Turkish), Siena (Lithuanian) |
| Sighişoara | Schässburg (German), Segesvár (Hungarian), Sighişoara (Romanian), Sigiszoara (Polish) |
| Simferopol | Aqmescit (Crimean Tatar, Tatar), Simferopol' - Сімферополь (Ukrainian), Simferopol' - Симферополь (Russian), Akmescit (Turkish), Simferopol (Romanian), Simferopole (Latvian), Symferopol (Polish), Συμφερούπολη (Greek) |
| Skopje | Shkupi (Albanian), Scupi (Latin), Skop'e - Скопье (Russian), Skópia - Σκόπια (Greek), Skopia (Spanish), Skopie (Bulgarian - Скопие, Polish), Skopje (Dutch, Macedonian, Latvian, Portuguese, Slovene, Romanian, Swedish), Scoplie (Romanian variant), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Uskub (Ottoman Turkish), Üsküp (Turkish), Skopjė (Lithuanian), Szkopje (Hungarian) |
| Sligo | Sligeach (Irish) |
| Słupsk | Stolp (German), Stolpe (Latin), Stôłpsk (Kashubian), Stölpe (Swedish), Slupska (Latvian), Слупск (Russian and other languages written in Cyrillic script) |
| Smolensk | Smalensk - Смаленск (Belarusian), Smolensk (Portuguese, Romanian), Smoleńsk (Polish), Smoļenska (Latvian), Smolenskas (Lithuanian), Смоленск (Russian) |
| Södertälje | Södertälje (Swedish), Telga australis (Latin) |
| Solin | Salona (Dutch, Italian), Solin (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Sofia | Safija - Сафія (Belarusian), Serdica (Thracian), Sófia - Σόφια (Greek), Sófia (Portuguese), Sofia (Dutch, Finnish, French, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sofía (Spanish), Sofija - София (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Sofija (Croatian, Slovene, Latvian, Lithuanian), Sofio (Esperanto), Sofya (Turkish), Sredets (Slavic), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Szófia (Hungarian) |
| Solothurn | Soleure (French), Solothurn (Dutch, German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish) |
| Sønderborg | Sonderburg (German) |
| Sopron | Ödenburg (German), Šoproň (Czech), Sopron (Hungarian, Romanian), Šopron (Croatian) |
| Sovetsk | Sovetsk - Советск (Russian), Sovjetsk (Serbian, Slovene), Sovyetsk (Turkish), Tilsit (German), Tilzīte (Latvian), Tilžė (Lithuanian), Tylża (Polish) |
| Speyer | Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spiers (Dutch), Spira (Italian, Polish), Spire (French), Spires (former English), Špýr (Czech) |
| Spišská Nová Ves | Igló (Hungarian), Nowa Wieś Spiska / Spiska Nowa Wieś (Polish), Noveysis (Romany), Spišská Nová Ves (Slovak), Villa Nova (Latin), (Zipser) Neu(en)dorf (German) |
| Split | Spalato (former Hungarian, Italian), Split (Croatian, Dutch, Finnish Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Polish), Splita (Latvian), Splitas (Lithuanian) , Σπολάτο (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Spremberg | Grodk (Lower Sorbian), Spremberg (German) |
| St. Gallen | Saint-Gall (French, Romanian), Sankt Gallen (Dutch, German), San Gallo (Italian), Son Gagl (Romansh), Svatý Havel (Czech) |
| St. Petersburg | 聖彼得堡 (Chinese), Ayía Petrúpoli - Αγία Πετρούπολη (Greek), Peterburg - פּעטערבורג (Yiddish), Peterburi (Estonian), Petroburgo (Esperanto), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Pétersbourg (French), Sankt-Pieciarburh - Санкт-Пецярбург (Belarusian), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian, Slovene), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian, Slovak), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sankt Petersburg (German, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian), San Petersburgo (Spanish), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), São Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), St. Petersburg Norwegian, St Petersburg or Petersburg (Turkish), Szentpétervár (Hungarian); Petrograd (former Russian, former Serbian, former Slovene), Petrohrad (former Czech), Piotrogród (former Polish), Pēterpils (former Latvian), Petrapilis (former Lithuanian), Sankti Pétursborg (Icelandic)
Leningrad (former English, German), Leningrado (former Italian), Lenjingrad (former Serbian) |
| St. Moritz | Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svatý Mořic (Czech), Sanktmorica (Latvian) |
| Starokonstantinov | Alt-Konstantin (German), Starokonstantinov / Староконстантинов (Russian), Old Constantine (former English), Starokostyantyniv (Ukrainian) |
| Sterzing-Vipiteno | Sterzing (German), Vipiteno (Italian), Stérzen or Sterzinga (former Italian) |
| Stockholm | Estocolm (Catalan), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Holmia (Latin), Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Stoccolma (Italian), Stockholm (Dutch, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Stócólm (Irish), Stokgol'm (Russian), Štokholm (Slovak), Stokholm (former Estonian, Serbian, Turkish), Stokhol'm (Ukrainian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Stokholmo (Esperanto), Stokkhólmi - Στοκχόλμη (Greek), Stokkhólm (Faroese), Stokkhólmur (Icelandic), Sztokholm (Polish), Tukholma (Finnish) |
| Stralsund | Stralsund (German, Swedish), Strzałowo or Strzałów (Polish) |
| Strasbourg | Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strasbourg (French, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Strasburg (Polish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strasburgo (Esperanto, Italian), Štrasburk (Czech), Strassburg (Finnish), Straßburg (German), Strazbur (Serbian), Strazburg (Turkish), Strastbūra (Latvian), Strasbūras (Lithuanian), Stroossbuerg (Luxembourgish), Strasvúrgo - Στρασβούργο (Greek) |
| Straubing | Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech) |
| Stuttgart | Estugarda (Portuguese), Štíhrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Stuttgart (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Stoutgárdhi - Στουτγάρδη (Greek), Štutgarte (Latvian), Štutgartas (Lithuanian) |
| Subotica | Mariatheresiopel (German), Subotica - Суботица (Serbian), Subotica (Finnish, Slovene, Polish, Romanian), Szabadka (Hungarian) |
| Suceava | Shots - שאָץ (Yiddish), Suceava (Romanian), Suczawa (Polish, German), Szucsava (Hungarian) |
| Swansea | Abertaŭo (Esperanto), Abertawe (Welsh), Swansea (Dutch, German, Slovene), Svonsi (Serbian) |
| Świnoujście | Swinemünde (German), Świnoujście (Polish) |
| Syracuse | Sarausa (Sicilian), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish), Siragüza (Arabic), Sirakuso (Esperanto), Siracuza (former Romanian), Sirakuza (Serbian), Siraküza (Turkish), Sirakuze (Slovene), Sirakūzai (Lithuanian), Sirakúses - Συρακούσες (Greek), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakus (German), Syrakusa (Finnish, Swedish), Syrakuse (Dutch), Syrakúzy (Slovak), |
| Szczebrzeszyn | Shebreshin שעברעשין (Yiddish), Szczebrzeszyn (Polish) |
| Szczecin | Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Turkish, former English), Szczecin (Polish, Romanian), Štětín (Czech), Štetín (Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Ščecina (Latvian), Šćećin (Serbian), Štetinas (Lithuanian), Ščecin - Шчэцін (Belarusian) , Στεττίνο (Greek) |
| Szczytno | Ortelsburg (German), Ortulfsburg (older German), Szczytno (Polish) |
| Szeged | Partiscum (Latin), Segedín (Czech, Serbian), Segedin (Turkish), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian), Szegedin or Segedin (German), Siget (Croatian) |
| Székesfehérvár | Alba Regia (Latin), Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak), İstolni Belgrad (Turkish) |
| Szentendre | Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svatý Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian) |
| Szombathely | Kamenec (Czech), Steinamanger (German), Szombathely (Hungarian, Slovene) |
T
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Tallinn | Rääveli (former Finnish), Rävel (former variant in Swedish), Reval (former English, German, Swedish and Danish), Revalia (Latin), Revel - Ревел (former Russian), Rewel (former Polish), Rēvele (former Latvian), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Talin (alternate Portuguese, Serbian, alternate Turkish), Tallin (Polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak; also a variant in Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, used mainly between 1944-1991), Tallinn (Estonian, Danish, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Swedish, Turkish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish; former Estonian), Ταλλίνη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Tampere | Tammerfors (Swedish), Tampere (Estonian, Finnish, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian), Tamperė (Lithuanian) |
| Taranto | Taranto (Italian, Romanian), Táras - Τάρας (ancient Greek), Tárantas - Τάραντας (modern Greek) Tarent (Czech, German, Polish, Romanian variant, Serbian), Tarente (French), Tarento (Spanish), Tarentum (Latin) Trentino (Finnish) |
| Târgu Mureş | Marosvásárhely (Hungarian), Neumarkt (am Mieresch) (German), Târgu Mureş (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Mureş (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Neamţ | Németvásár (Hungarian, Târgu Neamţ (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Neamţ (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Ocna | Aknavásár (Hungarian), Târgu Ocna (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Ocna (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Jiu | Zsilvásárhely (Hungarian), Târgu Jiu (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Jiu (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Tarnów | Tarne - טארנע (Yiddish), Tarnów (Polish) |
| Tarnowskie Góry | Tarnowitz (German), Tarnowskie Góry (Polish) |
| Tartu | Derpt - Дерпт (former Russian), Dorpat (former German, Polish and Swedish), Tartto (Finnish), Tartu (Estonian, German, Latvian, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918), Tharbata (Latin), Yur'yev - Юрьев (former Russian) |
| Taurage | Taurage (Lithuanian), Tauroggen (German), Taurogi (Polish) |
| Tbilisi | Tbilisi (Georgian, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Tbilisis (Lithuanian), Tbilissi (French), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Teflis - تفلیس (Persian), Tiflis (Armenian, Dutch, German, former name, former Romanian, Spanish, Turkish, old Finnish), Tiflīs (Arabic), Tyflída - Τυφλίδα (Greek), Tyflis (former Polish) |
| Tekirdağ | Byzanthe (an ancient Thracian town very near to the modern city), Rhaidestos (Greek), Rhaedestos, Raidestos, Rhaedestus, Visanthii (Greek variants), Rodosçuk (early Ottoman Turkish), Rodosto (Latin and various European languages), Rodostó (Hungarian), Tekfurdağı (late Ottoman Turkish), Tekirdağ (Turkish) |
| Tempio Pausania | Tempio Pausania (Italian), Tempiu (Corsican, Sardinian), Tempio (Spanish, Catalan, former Italian) |
| Terezín | Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German) |
| The Hague | L'Aia (Italian), Gaaga (Russian), De Haach (Frisian), Den Haag / 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Croatian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Den Haag / der Haag (German), Haaha (Ukrainian), Hag (Serbian), Hāga (Latvian), Haga (Polish, Romanian, Lithuanian), Hága (Hungarian), Haia (Portuguese), An Háig (Irish), La Haya (Spanish), La Haye (French), Ηáyi - Χάγη (Greek), Lāhāy (Arabic), Lahey (Turkish), D'n Haag (D'n Haog) (Limburgish) |
| Theodosia | Θεοδωσία- Theodhóssia (Greek)Kefe (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Feodosiya - Феодосія (Ukrainian), Feodosiya - Феодосия (Russian), Teodozja (Polish) |
| Thessaloniki | Salonic (Romanian), Salonica (alternative English name), Salónica (alternative Portuguese, alternative Spanish), Salonicco / Tessalonica (Italian), Salonikai (Lithuanian), Saloniki (German, Latvian, Polish, alternative Greek name), Săruna (Aromanian), Selanik (Turkish), Solun (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene), Soluň (Czech), Solún (Slovak), Sołuń (historical Polish name), Szaloniki/Tesszaloniki (Hungarian), Thessaloniki - Θεσσαλονίκη (Greek), Tesalonic (alternative Romanian name), Tesalónica (Spanish), Tessalónica (Portuguese), Tessalonika (Finnish), Thessalonique (French) Tessaloniki (Finnish) |
| Thionville | Diedenhofen (German), Diedenhoven (former Dutch), Diddenhuewen (Luxembourgish), Thionville (French) |
| Timişoara | Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeswar / Temeschburg / (Temeschwar) (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Timişoara (Romanian), Timiszoara (Polish), Temeşvar (Turkish) |
| Tipperary | Tiobraid Árann (Irish) |
| Tirana | Tiranë / Tirana (Albanian), Tirana (Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish), Tirāna (Latvian), Tiran (Turkish), Τίρανα (Greek) |
| Tongeren | Tongeren (Dutch), Tongern (German), Tongres (French), Tongue (Walloon), Aduatuca (Latin) |
| Tornio | Duortnus (Northern Sami), Torneå (Swedish), Tornio (Estonian, Finnish) |
| Tórshavn | Thorshavn (Danish, Finnish, Romanian), Torshamn (Swedish), Þórshöfn (Icelandic) |
| Toruń | Torun (Romanian), Toruń (Polish), Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German), civitas Torunensis (Latin), Torń (Kashubian) |
| Toulon | Tolone (Italian), Toulon (French, Finnish, Romanian) Tulon (Polish, old Romanian), Tulona (Latvian) |
| Toulouse | Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tolosa (Italian, Latin, Occitan, former Spanish, Basque), Toulouse (French, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Tuluza (Polish), Tuluz (Serbian) , Tulūza (Latvian, Lithuanian), Tulúzi - Τουλούζη (Greek) |
| Tournai | Doornik (Dutch), Tournai (French, Romanian) |
| Trabzon | Trabzon (Romanian, Turkish), Trapezunt (German, Finnish, Polish, former Romanian), Trapezúnda - Τραπεζούντα (Greek), Trebisonda (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese), Trebizonda (former Romanian alternative to Trapezunt), Trébizonde (French), Trebizon (former variant in English) |
| Trakai | Troki - Трокі (Belarusian), Trakai (Lithuanian, Turkish), Trakay (alternative Turkish), Traķi (Latvian), Troki (Polish) |
| Trent | Trento (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Trient (German), Trident (Czech), Trente (French, Dutch), Trydent (Polish) |
| Trier | Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trèves (French), Treviri (Italian), Tréier (Luxembourgish), Trewir (Polish), Tréveris (Spanish, Portuguese), Trier (Dutch, German), Trive (Walloon) , Τρεβήροι (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Trieste | Tergeste (Latin), Terst (Czech), Triëst (Dutch), Triest (Dutch, Friulian, German, Polish, Romanian variant), Trieszt (Hungarian), Trieste (Finnish, Italian, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Triyeste (alternative Turkish), Trst (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Tergésti - Τεργέστη (Greek) |
| Trogir | Traù (Italian), Trogir (Croatian, Romanian, Serbian) |
| Tromsø | Tromssa (Finnish, Sami), Tromsö (Turkish) |
| Trondheim | Nidaros (Norwegian 997-15th century and again 1930), Trondhjem (Dano-Norwegian 15th century-1929), Trondheim (Dutch, Norwegian 1931-1939 and 1945-present, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Drontheim (1940-1945) (German name during WWII occupation), Þrándheimur (Icelandic), Tronheima (Latvian), Trondheimas (Lithuanian), Trondhjem (the citizens of Trondheim's pronunciation) |
| Tübingen | 圖賓根 (Chinese), Tubinga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tubingue (French), Tubinky / Tybinky (Czech), Tybinga (Polish), Tivíngi - Τυβίγγη (Greek) |
| Turin | Torí (Catalan), Torino (Finnish, Italian, Croatian, Greek, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Finnish, Turkish), Torinó (Hungarian), Turijn (Dutch), Turim (Portuguese), Turin (French, Friulian, German, Swedish), Turín (Czech, Slovak, Spanish), Turyn (Polish), Turīna (Latvian), Turinas (Lithuanian), Turien (Limburgish) , Τουρίνο (Greek) |
| Turku | Åbo (Swedish), Aboa / Aboia / Turcua (Latin), Turu (Estonian), Turku (Finnish, Latvian, Romanian, Turkish) |
| Tver | Kalinin (former name), Tver (Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Twer (Polish, German), Tvera (Latvian), Tverė (Lithuanian), Ćvier - Цьвер (Belarusian) |
| Tyszowce | Tishevits - טישעװיץ (Yiddish), Tyszowce (Polish) |
U
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Überlingen | Überlingen (German, Romanian), Jibrovice (Czech) |
| Udine | Udin (Friulian), Udine (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Romanian), Videm (Czech, Slovene), Udinė (Lithuanian), Weiden (old German) |
| Ulcinj | Dulcigno (Italian), Ulcinj (Croatian, Serbian), Ulqin (Albanian) |
| Ulm | Ulm (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Turkish), Ulma (Italian), Ulmas (Lithuanian) |
| Ulyanovsk | Simbirsk (former name), Ulianovsk (Romanian), Uljanovsk (Serbian, Slovene), Uljanowsk (German), Uljanovskas (Lithuanian) |
| Umag | Umago (Italian), Umag (Croatian, Finnish, Romanian) |
| Umeå | Umeå (Swedish), Uumaja (Finnish) |
| Uppsala | Ουψάλα (Greek), Upsal (French), Upsala (Finnish, Latvian, Romanian), Upsalia (Latin), Upsalo (Esperanto), Uppsala (Danish, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Swedish), |
| Utrecht | Traiectum (Latin), Utert (Frisian), Utrecht (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Finnish, Romanian), Utrechtas (Lithuanian), Utrehta (Latvian), Utreĥto (Esperanto), Utrek (Walloon), Utrech, Utrei (Limburgish), Utreque (Portuguese), Utréhti - Ουτρέχτη (Greek) |
| Uzhhorod | Ungvár (Hungarian), Ungvir, Ingver, Yngvyr - אונגװיר (Yiddish), Ungwar (German), Ujgorod (Romanian), Uschhorod (German), Uzhgorod - Ужгород (Russian), Uzhhorod - Ужгородъ (Ruthenian), Užhorod (Slovak), Uzhhorod - Ужгород (Ukrainian), Użgorod (Polish) |
V
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Vaasa | Vaasa (Estonian, Finnish), Vasa (Swedish), Waza (Polish), Nikolainkaupunki (alternative old Finnish name), Nikolaistad (alternative old Swedish name) |
| Valencia | València (Catalan/Valencian), Valence (French), Valencia (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish), Valência (Portuguese), Valencio or Valencujo (Esperanto), Walencja (Polish), Valensija (Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian), Valensiya (Turkish), Valentia (Latin) , Βαλεντία (Greek), Balansiyah (Arabic) |
| Valkenburg | Valkenburg (Dutch, German), Fauquemont (old French) |
| Valletta | il-Belt (colloquial Maltese), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), Fālītā (Arabic), Valéta- Βαλέτα (Greek), La Valeta (Portuguese, Spanish), La Valette (French), La Valetta (Romanian, Turkish), La Valletta (Italian, Polish, Slovak), Valeta (Latvian, Lithuanian), Valetta (alternative Turkish), Valletta (Finnish, Swedish) |
| Valmiera | Wolmar (German) |
| Vantaa | Vanda (Swedish), Vantaa (Finnish) |
| Vaslui | Vaslui (Romanian), Vaszló (Hungarian) |
| Vatican City | 梵蒂岡 (Chinese),Cité du Vatican (French), Città del Vaticano (Italian), Ciudad del Vaticano (Spanish), Status Civitatis Vaticanæ (Latin), Vaticaanstad (Dutch), Vatikanstaten (Norwegian), Vatikán, Vatikanstadt (German), Vatikán (Czech), Vatikánváros (Hungarian), Watykan (Polish), Vatikan (German, Turkish) Vatikaani (Finnish) |
| Venice | 威尼斯 (Chinese), Benátky (Czech, Slovak), Benetke (Slovene), al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Feneyjar (Icelandic), Fenis (Welsh), An Veinéis (Irish), Mleci (older Croatian), Velence (Hungarian), Venècia (Catalan), Venecia (Spanish), Venēcija (Latvian), Venecija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Veneco (Esperanto), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venedik (Turkish), Veneetsia (Estonian), Venetía - Βενετία (Greek), Ενετία(Greek - καθαρεύουσα) , Veneţia (Romanian), Venetië (Afrikaans, Dutch), Venetik (Armenian), Venetsia (Finnish), Veneza (Portuguese), Venezia (Italian), Venise (French), Venetsye - װענעציע (Yiddish), Wenecja (Polish), Venetië/ Venies (Limburgish), Vignesie (Friulian) |
| Ventimiglia | Vintimille (French) |
| Verdun | Verdun (Dutch, French, German, Romanian), Wirten (old German) |
| Verona | Verona (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Romanian), Vérone (French), Bern (old German), Werona (Polish), |
| Vienna | Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Bécs (Hungarian), Bech or Vidnya (Romani), Dunaj (Slovene), Fienna (Welsh), Vena (Russian), Vīne (Latvian), Vídeň (Czech, Ukrainian), Viedeň (Slovak), Viena (Belarusian, Catalan, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Vienna (Italian), Vienne (French), Viénni - Βιέννη (Greek), Vieno (Esperanto), Viin (Estonian), Vin - װין (Yiddish), Vín (Irish, Icelandic), Vina - וינה (Hebrew), Vindobona (Latin), Viyana (Turkish), 維也納 (Chinese), Wene (Afrikaans), Wenen (Dutch), Wiedeń (Polish), Wien (Finnish, German, Swedish), Wīn - ウィーン (Japanese) |
| Vileyka | Vilejka - Вілейка (Belarusian), Vilejka - Вилейка (Russian), Wilejka (Polish, German) |
| Viljandi | Fellin (former German), Felloin (former French), Viljandi (Estonian, Finnish, German, Swedish), Vīlande (Latvian) |
| Villach | Bělák (Czech), Beljak (Slovene), Bilachium (Latin), Villach (German), Villaco (Italian) |
| Vilnius | Filniyūs (Arabic), Vėlnios (Samogitian), Vilna (Italian, Spanish, Slovene, Finnish, Norwegian, old Romanian variant), Vilne - װילנע (Yiddish), Vilnius (French, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Viļņa (Latvian), Vilna (English until 1945, Finnish) Vilnia - Вільня (Belarusian), Vil'njus (Вильнюс Russian, Ukrainian), Vilnjus (Serbian), Vilno (Czech, Russian obsolete (Вильно)), Wilnioes (Dutch alternative), Wilna (Dutch, German), Wilno (Polish) |
| Vynohradiv | Nagyszőlős (Hungarian), Vinohradiv - Віноградів (Ukrainian) |
| Visé | Visé (French), Vizé (Walloon), Wezet (Dutch) |
| Vitoria | Gasteiz (Basque), Vitoria (Dutch, German, Romanian, Spanish), Vitória (Portuguese), Vitorija (Lithuanian) |
| Vitsyebsk | Viciebsk/Vitsyebsk - Віцебск (Belarusian), Vitebsk (Dutch alternate, Romanian), Vitebsk - Витебск (Russian), Vitebsk - װיטעבסק (French, Yiddish), Vitebska (Latvian), Vitebskas (Lithuanian), Witebsk (Dutch alternate, German, Polish) |
| Vladikavkaz | Ordzhonikidze (former name 1932-1944 and 1954-1990), Dzaudzhikau (former name 1944-1954), Uladzikaŭkaz - Уладзікаўказ (Belarusian), Vladikaukāza (Latvian), Vladikaukazas (Lithuanian), Władykaukaz (Polish) |
| Vlorë | Aulon (Latin), Aulonas - Αυλώνας (Greek), Avlonya (Turkish), Avlona (Italian alternate), Flora (Croatian), Vlorë / Vlora (Albanian), Valona (English alternate, German, Italian, Serbian) |
| Vodnjan | Vodnjan (Croatian), Dignano (Italian) |
| Volodymyr-Volynsky | Volodymyr-Volynsky / Volodymyr-Volynskyi / Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi - Володимир-Волинський (Ukrainian), Włodzimierz Wołyński (Polish) |
| Volgograd | Stalingrad (former name 1925-1961), Tsaritsyn (former name), Wołgograd (Polish), Carycyn (former Polish), Volgograd (Romanian, Slovene, Turkish), Volgogrado (Portuguese, Spanish), Wolgograd (German), Estalinegrado (former Portuguese), Estalingrado (former Spanish), Stalingrado (former Italian), Volgograda (Latvian), Volgogradas (Lithuanian) |
| Vyborg | Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Dutch, Romanian, Swedish), Vīborga (Latvian), Wiburg (German), Wyborg (Polish) |
W
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Wangen | Vanky (Czech), Wangen (German) |
| Waremme | Borgworm (Dutch), Waremme (French), Warème / Wareme (Walloon) |
| Warsaw | 華沙 (Chinese), Vársá (Irish), Varšava (Latvian), Varšava - Варшава (Belarusian, Czech, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian), Varsavia (Italian), Varshava (Armenian), Varshe - װאַרשע (Yiddish), Varsjá (Icelandic), Varsó (Hungarian), Varsova (Finnish), Varşova (Turkish), Varsovia (Latin, Spanish), Varsovía - Βαρσοβία (Greek), Varsóvia (Portuguese), Varşovia (Romanian), Varsovie (French), Varsovio (Esperanto), Varssavi (Estonian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Warsawa (Bahasa Indonesia), Warschau (Dutch, German), Wārsū (Arabic), Warszawa (Danish, Polish, Swedish), Warushawa - ワルシャワ (Japanese) |
| Waterford | Port Láirge (Irish) Vaterfjord (Old Norse) |
| Wavre | Waver (Dutch), Auve / Wåve (Walloon), Wavre (French) |
| Weimar | Výmar or Vejmar (Czech), Weimar (Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, German, Romanian), Veimāra (Latvian), Veimaras (Lithuanian) , Βαϊμάρη (Greek) |
| Wejherowo | Wejherowo (Polish), Wejherowska Wola (former name), Neustadt in Westpreußen/Neustadt bei Danzig (German), |
| Wexford | Loch Garman (Irish) |
| Wicklow | Cill Mhantáin (Irish) |
| Winchester | Caerwynt (Welsh) |
| Wolgast | Wolgast (Dutch, German), Wołogoszcz (Polish) |
| Worcester | Caerwrangon (Welsh) |
| Worms | Vermayze װערמײַזע (Yiddish), Wormacja (Polish), Wormazia (former Italian), Vormsa (Latvian), Worms (Dutch, German, Romanian) , Βορματία (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Wrocław | Wrocław (Polish, Swedish), Boroszló (Hungarian), Breslau (former Danish, former Dutch, German, former Norwegian, former Romanian, former Swedish), Braslavia (old Romanian), Breslavia (Italian), Vratislav (Czech), Vratislavia / Wratislavia / Wracislavia (Latin), Vratislav / Vroclav (Slovak, Serbian), Vroclava (Latvian), Vroclavas (Lithuanian), Wroclaw (Finnish, Romanian, Slovene), Urocłaŭ - Уроцлаў (Belarusian) |
| Würzburg | Wörzborg (Low Saxon), Würzburg (Dutch, German, Romanian), Wurzbourg (French), Wurzburgo (Spanish) |
Y
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Yalta | Yalta (Crimean Tatar, Turkish, English), Yalta - Ялта (Russian, Ukrainian), Ialta (Portuguese, Romanian), Jalta (Finnish, Latvian, Swedish), Jałta (Polish, Lithuanian) |
| York | 約克 (Chinese),Caerefrog / Efrog (Welsh), Eabhrac (Irish), Eboracum (Latin), Efrawg (Breton, Cornish), Iorc (Scots Gaelic), Iorque (Portuguese), Jorvik (ancient Scandinavian), Jórvík (Icelandic), Jork (Polish), Jorko (Esperanto), Jorka (Latvian), Jorkas (Lithuanian) , Υόρκη (Greek) , Εβόρακον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Ypres | Ieper (Dutch), Ieperen (Dutch dialect variant), Ypres (French, Finnish, Romanian), Ypern (German), Ipro (Esperanto) |
Z
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Zabrze | Hindenburg (German 1915-1945), Zabrze (Polish) |
| Zadar | Zara (Italian, Portuguese), Zára (Hungarian), Zadar (Croatian, Romanian), Zadara (Latvian), Zadaras (Lithuanian) |
| Zagreb | Agram (former German and Russian), Zágráb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagreb (Asturian, Bahasa Indonesia, Croatian, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Zagreba (Latvian), Zagrebas (Lithuanian), Zagrebo (Esperanto), Zagrep (Turkish), Zaġrib - زغرب (Arabic), Zagrzeb (Polish), Záhřeb (Czech), Záhreb (Slovak), Zahreb (Ukrainian), Загреб (Serbian), Άγρανον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), জাগরেব (Bengali) |
| Zeebrugge | Seebrügge (German), Zeebruges (French) |
| Železnice | Eisenstadtl / Eisenstadtel (German). Železnice (Czech) |
| Zhytomyr | Jitomir (Romanian), Zhitomir - Житомир (Russian), Zhitomir - זשיטאָמיר (Yiddish), Zhytomyr Житомир (Ukrainian), Żytomierz (Polish), Žytomir - Жытомір (Belarusian) |
| Zielona Góra | Grünberg (German), Mons Viridis (Latin), Zielona Góra (Polish) |
| Zittau | Žitava (Czech), Zittau (Dutch, German), Żytawa (Polish) |
| Zlín | Gottwaldov (former name) |
| Znamensk | Vėluva (Lithuanian), Wehlau (German), Welawa (Polish), Znamensk (Russian) |
| Znojmo | Znaim (German), Znojmo (Polish, Czech, Slovak) |
| Zolochiv | Złoczew or Złoczów (Polish), Zlotshev - זלאָטשעװ (Yiddish), Zolochev (Russian), Золочів/Zolochiv (Ukrainian) |
| Zug | Zoug (French alternate), Zug (Dutch, German, Romansh), Zugo (Italian) |
| Zurich | 蘇黎世 (Chinese), Chūrih(h)i - チューリ(ッ)ヒ (Japanese), Cirih - Цирих (Serbian), Cīrihe (Latvian), Ciūrichas (Lithuanian), Ciurych - Цюрых (Belarusian), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Curiĥo (Esperanto), Curych (Czech), Turitg (Romansh), Zurich (French), Zürich (Estonian, German, Finnish, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Zúrich (Spanish), Zurigo (Italian), Zürih (Turkish), Zūrīk (Arabic), Zurique (Portuguese), Zurych (Polish), Zyríkhi - Ζυρίχη (Greek) |
| Zwickau | Cvikov (Czech), Zwickau (Dutch, German) |
See also
- Exonym and endonym
- List of European exonyms
- Names of Asian cities in different languages
- List of cities in the Americas with alternative names
- List of countries and capitals in native languages
- List of alternative country names
- List of country names in various languages
- List of Latin place names in Europe
- List of European regions with alternative names
- List of European rivers with alternative names
- List of traditional Greek place names
- List of cities in Switzerland
- List of towns in Slovakia
- List of cities in Serbia and Montenegro
- List of cities in Albania
- Place names in Irish
- List of places
References
External link
Most cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
This article also lists cities of Turkey, Cyprus, and republics of the former Soviet Union that are in Europe. This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.
A
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Aabenraa | Åbenrå (Danish, Swedish) *, Apenrade (German) *, Abenra - Абенра (Macedonian) |
| Aachen | Aachen (Bahasa Indonesia *, Danish *, Estonian *, Finnish *, Gaelic *, German *, Hungarian *, Interlingua *, Norwegian *, Romanian *, Slovak *, Slovenian *, Swedish *, Turkish *), Āhene (Latvian) *, Aix-la-Chapelle (French) *, Aken (Dutch) *, Akwizgran (Polish) *, Ακυίσγρανον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Aoke (Limburgish) *, Aquae Grani or Aquisgranum (Latin) *, Aquisgrà (Catalan) *, Aquisgrán (Spanish) *, Aquisgrana (Italian *, Aquisgrana or Aquisgrão (Portuguese) *, Åxhe (Walloon) *, Cáchy (Czech) *, Óche (local Ripuarian) *, Oochen (Luxembourgish) *, Aachen - Άαχεν (Greek) *, Aachen - אאכן (Hebrew) *, Aakhen - Аахен (Russian *, Ukrainian *), Ahen - Ахен (Bulgarian *, Serbian *, Macedonian), Oche (Kashubian) *, Yachen - 亚琛 (Simplified Chinese); آخن (Arabic) *, آخن (Farsi) *, アーヘン (Japanese) *, აახენი (Georgian) *, 아헨 (Korean) *, อาเค่น (Thai) *, 阿亨 (Chinese) * |
| Aalst | Aals (Limburgish) *, Aalst (Dutch) *, Alost (French) *, Alst - Алст (Macedonian), Αλόστη (Greek) |
| Aarhus | Århus (Danish *, Finnish *, Swedish *), Aarhus (Dutch *, Hungarian *), Aoerhusi - 奥而胡斯(Simplified Chinese) *, Orhūsa (Latvian) *, Orhus - Орхус (Bulgarian *, Macedonian) |
| Abbeville | Advile (Picard) , Abbekerke (Dutch) *, Abbatis Villa (Latin), Abbeville (French *, Romanian *), Abvil - Абвиль (Russian) *, Abvil - Абвил (Macedonian) |
| Aberdeen | Aberdin - Абердин (Russian *, Macedonian *), Aberdonia or Devana or Aberdona or Verniconam or Aberdonum or Aberdonium or Abredonia or Devanha (Latin) *, Aiberdeen (Scots) *, Obar Dheathain (Gaelic) *, Obar Deathain (Irish) |
| Adjud | Adjud (Romanian) *, Egyedhalma (Hungarian), Adžud - Аџуд (Macedonian) |
| Aiud | Aiud (Romanian) *, Nagyenyed (Hungarian) *, Straßburg am Mieresch (German) *, Ajud - Ајуд (Macedonian) |
| Aix-en-Provence | Aikso Provenca (Esperanto) *, Aix-en-Provence (French *, Romanian *, Finnish *), Aquae Sextiae (Latin) *, Ais (Provençal), Ais de Provença (Catalan *, Occitan *) |
| Aix-les-Bains | Aix-les-Bains (French *, Finnish *), Aquae Gratianae (Latin) * |
| Ajaccio | Ajaccio (Dutch *, French *, Finnish *), Aiacciu (Corsican) *, Aiaccio (former Italian) *, Ajačio - Ајачио or Ažaksio - Ажаксио (Macedonian) , Αιάκειο (Greek), Ayachcho - Аяччо (Russian) *, Ayakexiao - 阿雅克肖 (Simplified Chinese) * |
| Albacete | Albacete (Spanish *, Bahasa Indonesia, Finnish), al-Basīt (Arabic) *, Albaset - Албасет (Macedonian), Albasete - Альбасете (Russian) * |
| Alba Iulia | Alba Iulia (Romanian) *, Apulon (Dacian) *, Apulum (Latin) *, Bălgrad (former name) *, Gyulafehérvár (Hungarian) *, Karlsburg (German) *, Weißenburg (former German) *, Alba Julija - Алба Јулија (Macedonian) |
| Alexandroupolis | Alessandropoli (Italian), Alexandroúpoli - Αλεξανδρούπολη (Greek) *, Alexandroúpolis - Αλεξανδρούπολις (Greek-Katharevousa), Alexandropolis (Latin) *, Dedeağaç (Turkish) *, Dedeagatch (former name) *, Dedeagh (former French) *, Aleksandrupolis - Александруполис (Macedonian, Russian), Aleksandrupolis - Александруполіс (Ukrainian) *, Aleksandropolis (Finnish) |
| Algeciras | Algeciras (Spanish *, Finnish *), Algésiras (French) *, Algesires (Catalan) *, Al-Jazeera Al-Khudra (Arabic) *, Alhesiras - Алхесирас (Macedonian, Russian) |
| Alghero | Alghero (Italian *, Finnish *), L'Alguer (Catalan *, Occitan *), S'Alighera * and Alighera *(Sardinian), Alguer (Spanish *, Gallego *) Algero - Алгеро (Macedonian) |
| Alicante | 'Akra Leuke - Ἄκρα Λευκή (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan *, Valencian *), Alicante (Dutch *, Finnish *, French *, German *, Portuguese *, Romanian *, Spanish *), Alikante (Ladino) *, Alikantė (Lithuanian) *, Alikante (Latvian) *, Alakanto (Esperanto) *, al-Laqant - أليكانته (Arabic) *, Lucentum (Latin) *, Alikante - Аликанте (Macedonian) |
| Amiens | Amiens (French) , Anmien (Picard) |
| Amścisłaŭ | Amścisłaŭ - Амсьціслаў * or Mścisłaŭ - Мсьціслаў *(Belarusian), Mścisław (Polish) *, Mstislavl - Мстиславль (Russian) *, Mstislavlis (Lithuanian) |
| Amsterdam | 阿姆斯特丹 (Chinese) *, Amstardam (Irish), Amstardām - أمستردام (Arabic) *, Amsterdam (Bahasa Indonesia *, Croatian *, Dutch *, Estonian *, Finnish *, French *, Italian *, Polish *, Romanian *, Catalan *, Swedish *, Turkish *, Limburgish *), Amsterdam - Амстердам (Bulgarian *, Macedonian, Russian *, Serbian *, Ukrainian *), Amstyerdam - Амстэрдам (Belarussian) *, Ámsterdam (Spanish) *, Amsterdama (Latvian) *, Amsterdamas (Lithuanian) *, Amsterdão (Portuguese) *, Amsterodam (Czech) *, Amszterdam (Hungarian) *, Aemstelredamme or Amstelredam (former Dutch), Amstelodamum (Latin) *, Mokum or Mokum Aleph or Groot-Mokum (Yiddish) *, Amstelodamon - Αμστελόδαμον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Amsterntam - Άμστερνταμ (Greek) *, Amseutereudam - 암스테르담 (Korean) *, Amsterdam - אמסטרדם (Hebrew) * |
| Ancona | Ancône (French) *, Ankona (Polish) *, Jakin (older Croatian) *, Αγκώνα (Greek) |
| Anklam | Anklam (German) *, Anclam (former German spelling) *, Nakło nad Pianą (Polish) *, Tanglim (old Slavic) *, Anklam - Анклам (Macedonian) |
| Antioch | Antakya or Hatay (Turkish) *, Antioche (French) *, Antiochia (Hungarian *, Latin, Slovak), Antiochia or Antiochia am Orontes (German) *, Antiochia or Antiochia di Siria (Italian) *, Antiochia or Antiochia Syryjska (Polish) *, Antiochia or Antiochia vid Orontes (Swedish) *, Antióchia - Αντιόχεια (Greek), Antióchia i epí Dáfni - Αντιόχεια η επί Δάφνη / Antióchia i epí Oróntu - Αντιόχεια η επί Ορόντου / Antióchia i Megáli - Αντιόχεια η Μεγάλη (extended names in Greek), Antiochie (Czech) *, Antiochië (Dutch) *, Antioch-on-the-Orontes (extended name in English), Antiohia (Romanian), Antiokia (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish *, Finnish *), Antioquía (Spanish) *, Antióquia (Portuguese) *, Antiohija (Croatian, Bosnian), Antiohija - Антиохија (Macedonian, Serbian *, Montenegrin) |
| Antwerp | Amberes (Spanish), Amvérsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Estonian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpenas (Lithuanian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German, Swedish), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French, Catalan, Romanian), Anversa (Italian), Anviesse (Walloon), Antverpeno (Esperanto), Antwerpe (neighbouring dialect, Limburgish), Antverpen - Антверпен (Macedonian), Antverpen - אנטוורפן (Hebrew) |
| Aquileia | Akwilea / Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Aquilée (French), Aquilee (Friulian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene), Akvileja - Аквилеја (Macedonian) Akvilia (Finnish) |
| Arkhangelsk | Arcángel (Spanish),Archandělsk (Czech), Archangelsk (German, Dutch), Archangelskas (Lithuanian), Arhangeļska (Latvian), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian) Sint-Michiel (Dutch, antiquated), Arhangelsk - Архангелск (Macedonian, Turkish), Αρχάγγελος (Greek), Archangelsk - ארחנגלסק (Hebrew) |
| Arlon | Arlon (French, Finnish), Aarlen (Dutch), Arel (German), Arel (Luxembourgish), Arlon - Арлон (Macedonian) |
| Arnhem | Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian), Ernem (local dialect), Ārnhema (Latvian), Arnhem - Арнхем (Macedonian) |
| Arras | Arasu - アラス (Japanese), Arazzo (medieval Italian), Arras (French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Aro (Picard) , Atrecht (Dutch), Aras - Арас (Macedonian) |
| Aschaffenburg | Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish), Ašafenburg - Ашафенбург (Macedonian) |
| Assisi | 亞西西 (Chinese), Ascesi (medieval Italian), Asís (Spanish), Asisi (Romanian),Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish), Asisi - Асиси (Macedonian) , Ασσίζη (Greek), |
| Ath | Ât (Picard) , Ath (French), Ate (Walloon) , Aat (Dutch) |
| Athens | Afina (Azeri), Афины/Afíny (Russian), Афіни/Afiny (Ukrainian), An Aithin (Irish), Ateena (Estonian, Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish) Aten - אַטען (Yiddish), Atena (Bahasa Indonesia, Croatian, Romanian), Atėnai (Lithuanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian, Slovene), Atene - アテネ (Japanese), Atenes (Catalan), Cetines (Old catalan), Աթենք / Atenk (Armenian), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish, Welsh), Athén (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athenae (Latin), Athene (Dutch, Limburgish), Athènes (French), Athény (alternative Czech), Athína - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina - Атина (Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian, Turkish), Atene - 아테네 (Korean), Atuna - אתונה (hebrew), Yadian - 雅典 (Simplified Chinese) |
| Augsburg | Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Finnish, Polish, Catalan, Romanian, Turkish), Augsburga (Latvian), Augsburgo (Spanish, Portuguese), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Augusta Vindelicorum (Latin), Oogsborg (Low Saxon), Avgústa - Αυγούστα (Greek), Augsburg - Аугсбург (Macedonian), Augsburg - אוגסבורג (Hebrew) |
| Avignon | Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French, Finnish, Romanian), Avignone (Italian), Avinhão (Portuguese), Avinhon (Occitan, Provençal), Avinjon - Авињон (Serbian, Macedonian), Aviñón (Spanish), Aviņona (Latvian), Awinion (Polish), Avinyó (Catalan) |
B
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Bacău | Bacău (Romanian), Bakó (Hungarian) |
| Baia Mare | Baia Mare (Romanian), Frauenbach (German), Nagybánya (Hungarian), Neustadt (rarer German), Baja Mare - Баја Маре (Macedonian) |
| Bakhchisaray | Bağçasaray (Crimean Tatar), Bakhchisaray - Бахчисарай (Russian), Bakhchysarai - Бахчисарай (Ukrainian), Bahçesaray (Turkish), Bakczysaraj (Polish), Bahcisarai (Romanian), Bahčisaraj - Бахчисарај (Macedonian) |
| Baku | Bacu (Portuguese), Bakı (Azeri), Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Baku - Баку (Bahasa Indonesia, Finnish, Polish, Macedonian, Serbian, Romanian, Latvian), Bākū (Arabic), Bakü (Turkish), Baku - בקו (Hebrew) |
| Bar (Montenegro) | Tivar (Albanian), Antivari (Italian), Bar - Бар (Croatian, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Macedonian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and mediæval state) |
| Barcelona | Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Dutch, Catalan, Finnish, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Lithuanian *, Latvia, Turkish), Barselona - Барселона (Russian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukrainian), Բարսելոնա / Barselona (Armenian), Varkelóni - Βαρκελώνη (Greek), Bårçulone (Walloon), Barcelone (Friulian), Bartzelona - ברצלונה (Hebrew) |
| Basel | Bâle (French), Basilea (Catalan, Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch, Turkish), Bazel - Базел (Serbian, Macedonian), Բազել / Bazel (Armenian), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Ukrainian), Bazelis (Lithuanian), Bāzele (Latvian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasileía - Βασιλεία (Greek), Basel (Finnish, Romanian, Swedish), Bazel - בזל (Hebrew) |
| Bastia | Bastia (Dutch, French, German), Bastìa (Corsican, Finnish, Italian), Bastija - Бастија (Macedonian) |
| Bastogne | Bastogne (French, Finnish, Romanian), Bastenaken (Dutch), Bastnach (German), Baaschtnech or Baastnech (Luxembourgish), Bastonj - Бастоњ (Macedonian) |
| Bath | Aquae Sulis (Latin), Baðum / Baðan / Baðon (Anglo-Saxon), Caerfaddon (Welsh) |
| Bautzen | Budyšin (Upper Sorbian), Budyšín (Czech, Slovak), Budyšyn (Lower Sorbian), Budziszyn (Polish), Baucen - Бауцен (Macedonian) |
| Beauvais | Beauvais (French) , Bieuvais (Picard) |
| Będzin | Będzin (Polish), Bendin - Бендин (Russian), Bendin - בענדין (Yiddish), Bendzin (German) |
| Bela Crkva | Bela Crkva - Бела Црква (Serbian, Macedonian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bílá Cerevek (Czech), Biserica Alba (Romanian), Fehértemplom (Hungarian) |
| Belfast | Béal Feirste (Irish), Belfastas (Lituanian), Belfāsta (Latvian), Belffast (Welsh), Belfastium (Latin), Belfast - Белфаст(French, Finnish, Romanian, Macedonian, Spanish, Turkish), Belfast - בלפסט (Hebrew), Bilfawst (Ulster Scots) |
| Belfort | Beffert (German), Befert (old German), Belfort - (Dutch, French), Belfort - Белфорт (Macedonian) |
| Belgrade | Béalgrád (Irish), Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad - Белград(Macedonian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Finnish, German, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish), Բելգրադ or Belgrad (Armenian), Belgrád (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgradas (Lithuanian), Belgrade (French), Belgråde (Walloon), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian, Danish, Slovene), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Nándorfehérvár (former Hungarian), Singidunum (Latin), Veligrádi - Βελιγράδι (Greek), Griechisch-Weißenburg (old German, rare), Belgrad - בלגרד (Hebrew) |
| Bellinzona | Bellinzona (Dutch, German, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Bellinzone (French), Belincona - Белинцона (Macedonian), Bellenz (old Swiss German name) |
| Berat | Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albánský Bělehrad (Czech), Berat - Берат (Macedonian) , Μπεράτι (Greek) |
| Berdychiv | Berdychiv - Бердичів (Ukrainian), Berdichev - Бердичев (Russian), Barditshev - באַרדיטשעװ (Yiddish), Berdyczów (Polish), Berdicev (Romanian), |
| Bergen (Norway) | Bergen (Dutch, German, Finnish, Macedonian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Bergenas (Lithuanian), Bergena (Latvian), Björgvin (Icelandic), Bjørgvin (former old norse name) |
| Berlin | Barlīn (Arabic), Barliń (Lower Sorbian), Beirlín (Irish), Berlien (Limburgish), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Catalan, Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Russian, Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish, French, Walloon), Բեռլին or Berlin (Armenian), Berlin - בערלין (Yiddish), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Berlynas (Lithuanian), Berurin - ベルリン (Japanese), Verolíno - Βερολίνο (Greek), Bereullin - 베를린 (Korean), Berlin - ברלין (Hebrew) |
| Berne | Bern (Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Russian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian), Բեռն or Bern (Armenian), Berna (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Bernas (Lithuanian), Berne (French, Latvian), Berno (Polish), Vérni - Βέρνη (Greek), Bern - ברן (Hebrew) |
| Besançon | Besançon (Dutch, French, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Bisanz (old German), Vesontio (Latin), Bezanson - Безансон (Macedonian) |
| Białowieża | Biełavieža - Белавежа (Belarusian), Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish), Beloveža (Latvian) |
| Białystok | Białystok (Polish), Biełastok - Беласток (Belarusian), Balstogė (Lithuanian), Belostoka (Latvian), Belostok - Белосток (Russian), Bjalistoko (Esperanto), Byalistok - ביאַליסטאָק (Yiddish), Bjalistok - Бјалисток (Macedonian) |
| Biel/Bienne | Belenus (Latin), Biel (German, Finnish), Bienne (French), Bil - Бил (Macedonian) |
| Biella | Biella (Italian), Bugella (Latin) |
| Bilbao | Bilbao (Catalan, Dutch, Spanish, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Bilbao - Билбао (Macedonian, Latvian), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque), |
| Bilohirsk | Qarasuvbazar (Crimean Tatar), Bilohirsk (English, German), Belogorsk - Белогорск (Russian), Karasubazar (Turkish), Bilohirs'k - Білогірськ (Ukrainian), Karasubazar - Карасубазар (former Russian, former Ukrainian) |
| Bil'shivtsi | Bil'shivtsi - Більшівці (Ukrainian), Bol'shovtsy - Болшовцы (Russian), Bolszowce (Polish), Bolshvets - באָלשװעץ (Yiddish), Bilişăuţi (Romanian) |
| Birmingham | Бирмингем (Russian, Serbian, Macedonian), Birmingemas (Lithuanian), Birmingema (Latvian), Berminghem - ברמינגהם (Hebrew) |
| Bischofswerda | Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish), Bišofsverda - Бишофсверда (Macedonian) |
| Bistriţa | Beszterce (Hungarian), Bistrica - Бистрица (Serbian, Macedonian), Bistriţa (Romanian), Bistritz (German), Bystrzyca (Polish) |
| Bitola | Битоля (Bulgarian), Manastır (Turkish), Monastir (Albanian, Ladino, other languages),Μοναστήρι - Monastiri (Greek),Bitolj/Битољ (Serbian) |
| Bologna | Bologna (Dutch, German, Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonija (Lithuanian), Boloņa (Latvian), Bolonja - Болоња (Serbian, Macedonian), Bolonya (Catalan, Turkish) , Βολωνία (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Bouillon | Bouillon (Dutch, French, German, Romanian), Bouyon (Walloon), Bujon - Бујон (Macedonian) |
| Boulogne-sur-Mer | Boulogne (French, Finnish), Boulonne-su-Mér (Picard) , Bonen aan zee (Dutch, older),Bononia (medieval Latin), Gesoriacum (Roman Latin) |
| Bozen-Bolzano | Bolzano (Italian, Romanian,English), Bozen (Afrikaans, Dutch, German), Bulsan or Balsan (Ladin), Bolğan or Bolzan (Friulian), Bulsaun (Romansh), Bocen (Slovene, Serbian, Croatian), Боцен (Serbian Cyrillic), Pons Drusi or Bauzanum (Latin), Boltsano - בולצאנו (Hebrew), Mpoltsano - Μπολτζάνο (Greek), Bocenas (Lithuanian), Bolcāno (Latvian), Bol'tsano - Больцано (Russian), Bal'tsana - Бaльцанa (Belorussian), Bolcano - Болцано (Macedonian) |
| Bordeaux | 波爾多 (Chinese), Bordeaux (Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Bordèu (Gascon, Occitan, Provençal), Bordéus (Portuguese), Burdeus (Catalan), Bordo (Lithuanian, Latvian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bordó (Hungarian), Bordö (Turkish) Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Bordele (Basque), Burdigala (Latin) , Βορδίγαλα (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Boreudo - 보르도 (Korean), Bordo - בורדו (Hebrew) |
| Bonifacio | Bonifacio (French, Italian, Finnish), Bunifaziu (Corsican), Bonifakjo - Бонифаќо (Macedonian) |
| Bonn | 波恩(Chinese) , Bon (Serbian, Macedonian, Turkish), Bona (Lithuanian, Portuguese), Bonn (Dutch, German), Bonna (Latvian), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vónni - Βόννη (Greek), Bon - בון (Hebrew) |
| Botoşani | Botoşani (Romanian), Botosány (Hungarian), Botoszany (Polish), Botošani - Ботошани (Macedonian) |
| Braniewo | Braniewo (Polish), Braunsberg (German), Brus (Old Prussian), Branievo - Браниево (Macedonian) |
| Braşov | Braşov (Romanian), Brašov - Брашов (Serbian, Macedonian), Brašovas (Lithuanian), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish), Corona (Latin), Kronstadt (German), Stephanoúpoli - Στεφανούπολη (Greek) |
| Bratislava | Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian), Bratislava (Czech, Catalan, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Բրատիսլավա or Bratislava (Armenian), Braťislava or Požoma (Romani), Bratyslava - Братислава (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Požun (older Croatian) , Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (obsolete German), Prešpurk (Czech till 1919), Πρεσβούργο (Greek till 1919) , Prešporok (Slovak till 1919) [Note: The name was officially changed from Pressburg / Prešporok / Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see Bratislava, Bratislava - ברטיסלבה (Hebrew) |
| Bratslav | Bracław (Polish), Bracłaŭ - Брацлаў (Belarusian), Breslov - ברעסלאָבֿ (Yiddish), Braclav - Брацлав (Macedonian) |
| Břeclav | Břeclav (Czech), Lundenburg (German), Brzecław (Polish), Bšeclav - Бшецлав (Macedonian) |
| Bremen | Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Frisian, German, Low Saxon, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Brėmenas (Lithuanian), Brēmene (Latvian), Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrémi - Βρέμη (Greek) |
| Bremerhaven | Bremerhaven (Dutch, German, Low Saxon, Romanian), Brémský Přístav (Czech), Bremerhafen - Бремерхафен (Macedonian) |
| Brest (Belarus) | Bieraście - Берасьце (traditional Belarusian name), Brasta (Lithuanian), Bresta(Latvian), Brest (Romanian), Brest-Litovsk (former English, former Romanian, former Russian), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939); Lietuvos Brasta (former Lithuanian); Brisk - בריסק (Yiddish), Brest-Litovsk - Брест-Литовск (Macedonian), Brest - ברסט (Hebrew) |
| Bristol | 布里斯托尔 (Chinese), Briostó (Irish), Caerodor (Welsh (obsolete)), Bristol (Dutch), Bryste (Welsh), Bristol - Бристол (Macedonian), Bristole (Latvian), Bryste (Welsh) |
| Brno | Berno Morawskie (Polish), Brna (Romany), Brno (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, Latvian, Romanian, Serbian, Macedonian), Brnos (Romany), Brünn (German, Hungarian), Bruna (Italian) |
| Brody | Brody (Polish, Russian, Ukrainian; spelled Броды in Russian and Броди in Ukrainian), Brod (Romanian), Brod - בראָד (Yiddish), Brodi - Броди (Macedonian) |
| Bruges | Briž (Serbian), Бриж (Macedonian), Bruges (French, Portuguese, Romanian, Luxembourgish), Brugge (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch), Brügge (Finnish, German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Bruixes (Catalan), Brujas (Spanish, Mediæval Portuguese), Bruj (Turkish), وبروج (Arabic), Briugė (Lithuanian), Brige (Latvian), Brögke (Limburgish), Brygge (Swedish) , Βρύγη (Greek), Bruzh - ברוז (Hebrew) |
| Brunswick | Braunschweig (German, Slovene, variant in English), Braunšveiga (Latvian), Braunšvajg - Брауншвајг (Serbian, Macedonian), Brunšvik (Czech), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Romanian, Spanish), Brunswiek (Low Saxon), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish) |
| Bruntál | Bruntal (Polish), Bruntál (Czech), Freudenthal (German) |
| Brussels | 布魯塞爾 (Chinese), An Bhruiséil (Irish), Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Serbian), Брисел (Macedonian), Brisele (Latvian), Brisl - בריסל (Yiddish), Briuselis (Lithuanian), Bruksel (Armenian), Brüksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Bruselj (Slovene), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Brussel·les (Catalan), Brussel (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Norwegian), Brüssel (Estonian, German), Brusselle (former Italian), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (Danish, French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vryxélles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek), Brussele (Walloon), Brössel (Limburgish), Brwsel (Welsh), Brisel - בריסל (Hebrew) |
| Brzesko | Brzesko (Polish), Brigl - בריגל (Yiddish) |
| Buchach | Buchach - Бучач (Ukrainian), Buczacz (Polish, Romanian), Betshotsh - בעטשאָטש (Yiddish), Bučač - Бучач (Macedonian) |
| Bucharest | Boekarest (Afrikaans, Dutch), Búcairist (Irish), Bucarest (Catalan, French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Բուխարեստ / Bukharest (Armenian), Bükreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukarešta (Slovene), Bukureshta (Romany), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukourésti - Βουκουρέστι (Greek), Boekares (Limburgish), Bwcarest (Welsh), Bukarest - בוקרסט (Hebrew) |
| Buda (now part of Budapest) | Buda (Finnish, Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Lithuanian, Latvian), Budín (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German), Budim - Будим (Macedonian) |
| Budapest | Boedapest (Afrikaans, Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Búdaipeist (Irish), Budapest (Catalan, Finnish, Italian, German, Hungarian, Spanish, Swedish), Բուդապեշտ / Budapesht (Armenian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Latvian, Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeštas (Lithuanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene, Serbian), Voudapésti - Βουδαπέστη (Greek), Ofenpest (former German), Boedapes (Limburgish), Bwdapest (Welsh), Peshta (Romany), Budapesht - בודפשט (Hebrew), Etzelburg (old German), Ezzelburgo (old Italian) |
| Buje | Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian) |
| Burg Stargard | Burg Stargard (German), Stargard Meklemburski (Polish) |
| Bursa | Brousse (former French), Bursa (Dutch, Romanian, Turkish, Macedonian), Prusa (Latin), Proúsa - Προύσα (Greek), Bursa - בורסה (Hebrew) |
| Butrint | Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian), Butrinto - Бутринто (Macedonian) |
| Buzet | Buzet (Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian), Pinguente (Italian) |
| Bydgoszcz | Bidgošča (Lithuanian), Bidgošć - Бидгошч (Serbian, Macedonian), Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish) |
| Bytom | Beuthen (German), Bytom (Polish), Bitom - Битом (Macedonian) |
| Bytów | Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytów (Polish), Bitov - Битов (Macedonian) |
C
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Cádiz | Cadice (Italian), Cádis (Portuguese), Cadis (Catalan) Cadix (French), Cádiz (Spanish), Cadiz (German, Romanian), Gades (Latin), Γάδειρα - Gadeira (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic) |
| Cagliari | Cagliari (Dutch, Italian, Finnish, Romanian), Càller (Spanish, Catalan), Caralis (Latin), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian) |
| Calahorra (Spain) | Calagurris (Latin) |
| Calais (France) | Kales (Dutch alternate), Kalē (Latvian), Caleus (Picard) |
| Cambrai | Camaracum (Latin), Kamerijk (Dutch), Kameriek (Limburgish) , Kimbré (Picard) |
| Cambridge (England) | Caergrawnt (Welsh), Cantabrigia (Latin), Cantabrígia (Portuguese), Kembridž (Serbian), Kembridžas (Lithuanian), Kembridža (Latvian), Kembriĝo (Esperanto), Kemburijji - ケンブリッジ (Japanese), 劍橋 ('Jiān qiáo, formerly 康橋 Kāng qiáo - jian/kang are approximations of the sound Cam, qiao means bridge) (Chinese)Keymrige - קיימבריג (Hebrew) |
| Câmpulung Moldovenesc | Câmpulung Moldovenesc (Romanian), Moldvahosszúmező (Hungarian) |
| Canterbury | 坎特貝雷 (Chinese), Caer-Cant (Saxon), Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbéry (French), Cantuaria (medieval Latin), Cantuária (Portuguese), Durovernum Cantiacorum (Roman Latin), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kenterberija (Latvian), Kantelberg (Dutch) |
| Carcassonne | Carcassona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan), Carcasona (Spanish), Carcassonne (French, Finnish), (Julia) Carcaso (Latin) |
| Cardiff | Caerdydd (Welsh, Irish), Kardif (Serbian), Kārdifa (Latvian), Ovicubium (Vulgar Latin) |
| Carlisle | Caerliwelydd (Welsh) |
| Carlsbad | Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian, Croatian, Romanian, Serbian), Karlovy Vary (Czech, Turkish), Karlsbad (Dutch, German, Swedish), Karlsbāde (Latvian),Karlowe Wary (Polish) |
| Cartagena | Cartagena (Catalan, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthagène (French), Carthago Nova (Latin), Kartagina (Polish, Serbian), al-Qartājanna (Arabic) , Καρθαγένη (Greek) |
| Castelsardo | Castelsardo (Italian), Casteddu (Sardinian, Corsican), Castelgenovese (former Italian), Castillo Aragones (former Spanish), Castel Aragones (former Catalan) |
| Celje | Celeia (Latin), Celje (Slovene, Serbian), Celle/Cilli (German), Cille (Hungarian), Cilli (older English ( 1911 EB), older German), Kelea (Celtic) |
| České Budějovice | Budweis (German, former English and Dutch), Czeskie Budziejowice (Polish), České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak) |
| Český Těšín | Český Těšín (Czech), Czeski Cieszyn (Polish) |
| Cetinje | Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Serbian) , Κετίγνη (Greek) |
| Chalkida (Greece) | Chalcis (French, Latin), Chalkis (German) |
| Chania | La Canée (French), Khaniá - Χανιά (Greek), La Canea (Catalan, Italian, Spanish), Hania (Finnish, Romanian) |
| Charleroi | Charleroi (Dutch, French, Finnish, Romanian), Châlerwè / Tchålerwè (Walloon), Carleroé (Picard) , Šarlruā (Latvian), Sharlerwa - שרלרוה (Hebrew) |
| Cheb | Cheb (Czech), Eger (German) |
| Chełmno | Chełmno (Polish), Culm (variant in German), Kulm (German) |
| Chemnitz | Chemnitz (German, Finnish, Romanian), Kamienica Saska (Polish, traditional, not used anymore), Kamjenica (Sorbian), Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990) |
| Chernigov | Chernigov - Чернигов (Russian, common transliteration), Chernihiv - Чернігів (Ukrainian, official transliteration) |
| Chernivtsi | Cernăuţi (Romanian), Cernovicy (German, alternate transliteration from the Ukrainian Cyrillic), Cernowitz (Yiddish, alternate form), Čérnivci (Ukrainian, 2nd most common Roman transliteration), Černivcy (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Černovce (Russian, alternate transliteration), Černovcy (Russian, alternate transliteration), Černovice (Czech/Slovak), Chernivci (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Chernivcy (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Chernivtcy (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Chernivtsi - Чернівці (Ukrainian, commonest English transliteration), Chernovcy (Russian, alternate transliteration), Chernovicy (Yiddish, alternate Roman transliteration of the Russian Cyrillic form), Chernovits (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Chernovitse (Yiddish, rare transliteration into Roman script of the Ukrainian Cyrillic transliteration), Chernovitsy - Черновицы (Russian before 1944; Yiddish, rare alternate transliteration), Chernovitz (Yiddish, alternate form), Chernovtsy - Черновцы (Russian), Chernowitz (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Csernivci (Hungarian, alternate transliteration from the current Ukrainian Cyrillic name), Csernovic (Hungarian), Csernyivci (Hungarian, transliteration from the current Ukrainian Cyrillic name), Czernovicensia (Latin, ecclesiastical), Czerniowce (Polish), Czernovitz (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Czernowitz (German), Tchernowcy (Yiddish, transliteration from the Russian Cyrillic form), Tjernivtsi (Norwegian, Swedish, transliterated from the Ukrainian Cyrillic original), Tscherniwzi (German, transliteration from the Ukrainian Cyrillic, from German version of 'Yurij Fedkovytsch Czernowitzer Nationaler Universität', i.e. 'Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University' website, 2005), Tschernovits (Yiddish, alternate trasliteration), Tschernowitz (German), Tshernevits (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Tshernovits - טשערנאָוויץ (Yiddish, current standard transliteration) |
| Chernobyl | Chernobyl - Чернобыль (Russian, common transliteration), Chornobyl - Чорнобиль (Ukrainian, official transliteration) |
| Chernyakhovsk | Chernyakhovsk (Russian), Insterburg (German), Įsrutis (Lithuanian), Wystruć (Polish), Cernihovsk (Romanian) |
| Chester | Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy usually abbreviated to Caer (Welsh), Castra Devana or Deva (Latin) |
| Chişinău | Chishinau (French alternate), Chisinau (Catalan, Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese), Chişinău (Romanian), Keshenev - קעשענעװ (Yiddish), Kichinev (French), Kischinew (German), Kishinev (former English), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišiņeva (Latvian), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian), Kišinjev (Serbian, Finnish alternate), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (older Hungarian), Kisjenő (Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian), Kişinev (Turkish) , Κισνόβιο (Greek), Kishinev - קישינב (Hebrew) |
| Chorzów | Chorzów (Polish), Królewska Huta (Polish, until 1934), Králova Huť (Czech), Königshütte (German) |
| Chur | Coire (French), Coira (Italian), Cuira (Romansh), Curi (Latin) |
| Cieszyn | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (Dutch, German), Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak) |
| Clermont-Ferrand | Augustonemetum (Latin), Clarmont (Occitan, Provençal), Clermonte (Spanish) |
| Cleves | Cléveris (Spanish), Clèves (French), Clivia (Latin), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German) |
| Cluj | Claudiopolis (Ecclesiastical Latin), Napoca (Classical Latin), Cluj (French, Romanian, informal), Cluj-Napoca (Dutch, Romanian, formal), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvár (Hungarian) |
| Cobh | Queenstown, Cove (former English names), An Cóbh {Irish) |
| Coblenz | Coblença (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Confluentes (Latin), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (Dutch, German, Romanian, Slovene), Kueblenz (Luxembourgish) |
| Coburg | Cobourg (French), Coburg (Dutch, German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) , Κοβούργον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Coimbra | Coimbra (Catalan, Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic) |
| Colchester | Camulodunum (Latin), Camulodunon (British) |
| Cologne | 科隆 (Chinese) , Cöln (German variant), Cologne (French), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colónia (Portuguese), Colònia (Catalan), Colonia Agrippina (Latin), Keln - Келн (Serbian), Keln - קעלן (Yiddish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak), Kölle (Kölsch [local dialect], Limburgish), Köln (Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolonía - Κολωνία (Greek), Kolonia (Polish), Ķelne (Latvian), Keln - קלן (Hebrew), Køln (Danish) |
| Comăneşti | Comăneşti (Romanian), Kománfalva (Hungarian) |
| Como | Côme (French), Comum - Novum Comum (Latin) |
| Constanţa | Constanţa (Romanian, Finnish), Köstence (Turkish), Konstanca (Hungarian, Polish) Constança (Brazilian Portuguese) |
| Copenhagen | 哥本哈根 (Chinese), Cóbanhávan (Irish), Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan, French, Spanish), Hafnia (Latin), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Kobenhaven (Slovene), København (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian, Polish), Kopenhagen - Копенхаген (Bulgarian, Serbian), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Kopenhago (Esperanto), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkháyi - Κοπεγχάγη (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian), Kopenhagen - קופנהגן (Hebrew) |
| Córdoba | Córdoba (Spanish, Finnish), Cordoba (Dutch, German, Romanian), Corduba (Latin), Cordoue (French), Còrdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian, former Romanian), Córdova (Portuguese), Kordoba (Polish, Slovene), Kordova (Latvian), Qurtubah (Arabic) , Κορδούη - Κόρδοβα (Greek - καθαρεύουσα - δημοτική), Kordoba - קורדובה (Hebrew) |
| Corfu | Corcira / Corfu (Portuguese, Romanian), Corcyra (Latin), Corcyre (French alternate under Napoleonic rule), Corfou (French), Corfù (Italian), Corfú (Catalan, Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfoe / Corfu (Dutch), Korfu (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak, Swedish, Turkish), Krf (Croatian, Slovene), Krf - Крф (Macedonian, Serbian) |
| Corinth | Corint (Catalan, Romanian), Corinthe (French), Corinthus (Latin), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korinta (Latvian), Korintas (Lithuanian), Korinth (Danish, German, Swedish), Korinthe (Dutch), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish) |
| Cork | Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish), Cork (Danish, Dutch, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish), Korka (Latvian) |
| Corte | Corte (Dutch, German, French, Italian), Corti (Corsican) |
| Corunna | La Corogne (French), A Coruña (Galician), La Coruña (Dutch, Spanish, Finnish), La Coruna (Romanian), Corunha (Portuguese), La Corunya (Catalan, Serbian), Lakoruņa (Latvian) |
| Cottbus | Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech), Kottbus (archaic German) |
| Crécy | Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French), Carcy-in-Pontiu (Picard) , Kresčak (Czech) |
D
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Daugavpils | Daugavpils (Estonian, Finnish, Latvian, Romanian), Daugpiļs (Latgalian) Dźvinsk - Дзьвінск (Belarusian), Daugpilis (Lithuanian), Denenburg - דענענבורג (Yiddish), Dünaburg (former Estonian, German), Борисоглебск / Borisoglebsk, Двинcк / Dvinsk (former Russian), Даугавпилс / Daugavpils (Russian), Dyneburg (Polish), Dźwińsk (former Polish variant), Dvinsk - דוינסק (Hebrew) Väinänlinna (Finnish alternate) |
| Dãrmãneşti | Dãrmãneşti (Romanian), Dormánfalva (Hungarian) |
| Debrecen | Debrecen (Hungarian, Finnish), Debrecín (Czech), Debrecin (Bosnian, Croatian), Debrecin - Дeбрецин (Serbian, Montenegrin), Debreţin (Romanian), Debreczin (German), Debreczyn (Polish) |
| Den Bosch | Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (former Italian), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Oeteldonk (colloquial Dutch, during Carnaval) Herzogenbusch (German), De Bos(j) (Limburgish) |
| Den Helder | Den Helder (Dutch, German), Le Helder (French) |
| Dijon | Digione (Italian), Dijon (French, Finnish, Romanian), Diviodunum (Latin), Dižona (Latvian), Dijon - דיז'ון (Hebrew) |
| Dniprodzerzhynsk | formerly Kamenskoye (English), Kamenskoe (German), Dniprodzerzhyns'k (Дніпродзержинськ - Ukrainian) |
| Domažlice | Domažlice (Czech), Taus (German) |
| Donetsk | Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian, Finnish), Donetskas (Lithuanian), Doņecka (Latvian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name) |
| Dover | Douvres (French), Doveris (Lithuanian), Duvra (Latvian), Dover (Finnish, Romanian), Dover - דובר (Hebrew) |
| Drachhausen | Drachhausen (German), Hochoza (Lower Sorbian) |
| Dresden | 德累斯顿 (Chinese), Dresden (Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, German, Swedish, Turkish), Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, variant in Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drésdi - Δρέσδη (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezden (Serbian), Drezdenas (Lithuanian), Drezdene (Latvian), Drezno (Polish), Drježdźany (Lower Sorbian), Drezden - דרזדן (Hebrew) |
| Drobeta-Turnu Severin | Drobeta-Turnu Severin (official Romanian), Turnu Severin (former Romanian), Szörényvár (Hungarian) |
| Drohiczyn | Drohiczyn (Polish), Darahičyn - Дарагічын (Belarusian), Drohičinas (Lithuanian) |
| Drohobycz | Drobitsh - דראָביטש (Yiddish), Drogobych (Russian), Дрогобич/Drohobych (Ukrainian), Drohobycz (German, Polish) |
| Dublin | 都柏林 (Chinese), Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Áth Cliath (Irish short form), Dubh Linn (archaic Irish variant), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian, Turkish), Dhuvlíno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublin (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, Romanian, Swedish), Dublín (Catalan, Finnish, Spanish), Dublina (Latvian), Dublinas (Lithuanian), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinn (Icelandic),Bail'-Ath-Cliath (Scots Gaelic), Dooblin - Дублин (Russian), Dablin - דבלין (Hebrew) |
| Dubrovnik | Dubrovnic (Romanian), Dubrovnik (Albanian, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian), Ragusa (Italian, former Romanian), Raguse (old French), Dubrownik (Polish), Ragoúsa - Ραγούσα (Greek), Raguza (Ottoman Turkish), Dubrovnik - דוברובניק (Hebrew) |
| Dún Laoghaire | Kingstown (former English), Dunleary (anglicised form before being renamed "Kingstown" in 1821, still reflected in the pronunciation of "Dún Laoghaire" by English-speakers) |
| Dunkirk | Duinkerke (Dutch), Dunkerque (French, Romanian), Dünkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Duunkèrke (Limburgish), Dunkierka (Polish), Dhunkérki - Δουνκέρκη (Greek), Dinkerk (Picard) - דינקרק (Hebrew) |
| Durrës | Durrës (Albanian, Romanian), Dhirrákhio - Δυρράχιο (Greek), Epidamnos (Ancient Greek), Dyrrhachium (Latin), Durazzo (Italian), Durŭs - Дуръс, historically Drach Драч (Bulgarian), Dıraç - (Turkish), Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian) |
| Düsseldorf | Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian), Dizeldorf - Дизелдорф (Serbian), Dīzeldorfa (Latvian), Düsseldorf (Brazilian Portuguese, Estonian, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch, antiquated), Dusseldörp (Limburgish), Ντίσελντορφ-Dísseldorf (Greek), Diseldorf - דיסלדורף (Hebrew) |
E
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Edinburgh | 愛丁堡 (Chinese), Caeredin (Welsh), Dún Éideann (Irish), Dùn Èideann (Scots Gaelic), Embra (Lowland Scots), Edhimvúrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edinborg (Icelandic), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Edimburg (Catalan, German [rare], Serbian, Romanian), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburgas (Lithuanian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish), Edinbro - אדינברו (Hebrew) |
| Edirne | Adhrianúpoli - Αδριανούπολη (Greek), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianople (former English), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopoli (Italian, Finnish), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch, Finnish), Adrianópolis (Spanish), Drinápoly (Hungarian), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Hadrianople (variant in English), Hadrianopolis (Latin), Jedrine (Serbian), Odrin (Bulgarian, Macedonian), Uskudama (Thracian), Adrianopojë, Εdrene (Albanian) |
| Eger | Eger (Hungarian, Dutch, Finnish), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jáger (Slovak), Jagier (former Polish) |
| Eisenhüttenstadt | Eisenhüttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish), Stalinstadt (former German) |
| Elbląg | Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish), Elbing (German), Ilfing (Old Danish) Truso (Old Prussian) |
| Ełk | Ełk (Polish), Lyck (German) |
| Elsinore | Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish, Romanian), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German, Swedish) |
| Emmerich | Emmerich (German), Emmerik (Dutch) |
| Erlangen | Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech) |
| Espoo | Espoo (Estonian, Finnish), Esbo (Swedish) |
| Esztergom | Esztergom (Hungarian), Eštergon (Serbian), Gran (German), Ostřihom (Czech), Ostrihom (Slovak), Ostrzyhom (Polish), Estergon (Turkish), Strigoniu (Romanian), Solva / Strigonium (Latin) |
| Eupatoria | Kezlev (Crimean Tatar), Yvpatoriya - Євпаторія (Ukrainian), Yevpatoriya - Евпатория (Russian), Eupatoria (Polish, Romanian) , Ευπατορία (Greek) |
| Eupen | Eupen (German, French, Dutch), Néau (French, archaïc), Neyow (Walloon), Naowe / Naouwe (Walloon, medieval spellings) |
F
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Flensburg | Flensborg (Danish, Low Saxon), Flensburg (German, Romanian, Swedish) |
| Florence | Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firence (Slovene), Firenze (Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Italian), Flórans (Irish), Floransa (Turkish), Florença (Portuguese), Florència (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencija (Lithuanian), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German), Florence (French, Latvian), Florance (Walloon), Florentía - Φλωρεντία (Greek) |
| Flushing | Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch) |
| Fort Augustus | Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic) |
| Frankfurt am Main | 法蘭克福 (Chinese), Francfort (Catalan), Fráncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfort aan de Main (Dutch, Limburgish), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfurt na Majni (Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Slovene), ('Main Kıyısında ki) Frankfurt (Turkish), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanem (Czech), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian), Frankfurte pie Mainas (Latvian), Frankfurtas prie Maino (Lithuanian), Frankfúrti - Φρανκφούρτη (επί του Μάιν) (Greek), Majnafrankfurt (former Hungarian), Frankfurt al Mayn - פרנקפורט על מיין (Hebrew) |
| Frankfurt (Oder) | Fráncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Óder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt (Oder) (German), Frankfurtas prie Oderio (Lithuanian), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak, Czech), (Oder Kıyısında ki) Frankfurt (Turkish), Frankfurt na Odri (Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Slovene), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian), Frankfurte pie Oderas (Latvian), Oderafrankfurt (older Hungarian), Φρανκφούρτη (επί του Οδέρου) (Greek) |
| Freiburg | Frajburg (Serbian), Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Freiburga (Latvian), Fribourg-en-Brisgovie (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian), Fryburg (Polish) |
| Freising | Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French) |
| Fribourg | Freiburg im Üechtland (German), Fribourg (French, Finnish), Friburg (Catalan, Romansh), Friborgo (Italian), Friburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Fryburg (Polish) |
| Frombork | Frauenburg (German), Frombork (Polish) |
G
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Gallipoli | Galipolis (Lithuanian), Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Gallipoli (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Romanian), Gelibolu (Turkish), Kalípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek), Galipoli - גליפולי (Hebrew) |
| Galway | Gaillimh (Irish), Galvia (Latin) |
| Gdańsk | Gdańsk (Polish, Dutch), Gyddanyzc (Pommeranian, mentioned in 997 AD), Gduńsk (Kashubian), Gedania/Dantiscum (Latin), Danzig (German, older Turkish), Dancig (older Hungarian), Danţig (older Romanian), Dants - דאַנץ (Yiddish), Dantsic (older English), Dantzig (Afrikaans, former Dutch), Danzica (Italian), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdansk (Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Gdanjsk (Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Serbian), Gdaņska (Latvian), Gdanskas (Lithuanian), Gydanysg (Cymraeg), Gdansk - גדנסק (Hebrew), Гданьск (Russian), Гдањск (Serbian, Macedonian), Γδανσκ (Greek) |
| Gdynia | Gdynia (Polish, Finnish, Romanian), Gdiniô (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdiņa (Latvian), Gdingen (former Dutch, German), Gdyně (Czech), Gdynė (Lithuanian), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945) , Γδύνια (Greek) |
| Geneva | 日內瓦 (Chinese), Cenevre (Turkish), Djeneve (Walloon), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneva (Romanian), Geneve / Genève (Afrikaans, Armenian, Dutch, Finnish, Swedish), Geneve (Finnish), Genève (French), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genf (Estonian, German, Hungarian), An Ghinéiv (Irish), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Ginevra (Italian), Jenewa (Bahasa Indonesia), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenévi - Γενεύη (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian), Ženēva (Latvian), Zjenaef (Limburgish), Zhenevë (Albanian), Jeneva - ז'נבה (Hebrew) |
| Genoa | Cenova (Turkish), Đenova (Serbian), Dženova (Latvian), Gênes (French), Gènova (Catalan), Genova (Finnish, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Génova / Gênova (Portuguese), Génova (Spanish), Genua (Dutch, German, Latin, Polish, Swedish), Genuja (Lithuanian), Gjenova (Albanian), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Yénova - Γένοβα- Γένουα (Greek), Zena (Genoese), |
| Ghent | Gand (French, Portuguese), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Gaunt (older English), Gent (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Ģente (Latvian), Guanto (old Italian) , Γάνδη (Greek), Гент (Belarusian, Russian), Gandava (Latin) [1], Chent - חנט (Hebrew) |
| Gibraltar | 直布羅陀 (Chinese),Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian), Gibraltar (Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Polish), Gibraltaras (Lithuanian), Gibraltārs (Latvian), Jabal-Tarīq (Arabic), Γιβραλτάρ΄ (Greek), Gibraltar - גיברלטר (Hebrew) |
| Girona | Gerona (Romanian, Spanish), Gérone (French), Girona (Catalan, Finnish, Portuguese) |
| Gjirokastër | Gjirokastër / Gjirokastra (Albanian), Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirókastro - Αργυρόκαστρο (Greek), Ergiri (Turkish) |
| Glarus | Glaris (French), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh), Glarus (German) |
| Glastonbury | Glaistimbir / Glaistimbir na nGael / Gloineistir (Irish) |
| Glasgow | Glaschú (Irish), Glaschu (Scots Gaelic), Glāzgova (Latvian) Γλασκώβη (Greek), Glazgo - גלזגו (Hebrew) |
| Gliwice | Gliwice (Polish), Gleiwitz (German) |
| Gloucester | 告羅士打 (Chinese), Glevum (Latin) Caerloyw (Welsh) |
| Głogów | Głogów (Polish), Glogau (German), Glogov (Serbian), Glogova (Lithuanian), Glogovia (Latin), Hlohov (Czech) |
| Gmünd | Cmunt (Czech), Gmünd (German) |
| Gorizia | Gorica (Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Romanian, Slovene, Serbian), Gorizia (Finnish, French, Italian), Görz (German), Gurize (Friulian) |
| Görlitz | Görlitz (Afrikaans, Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech), Zhorjelc (Upper Sorbian) |
| Gothenburg | Gautaborg (Icelandic), Gēteborga (Latvian), Gioteburgas (Lithuanian), Göteborg (Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Gøteborg (Norwegian), Göteburg (Turkish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Afrikaans, Dutch, former German, former Polish), Gothembourg (former French) |
| Göttingen | 哥廷根 (Chinese), Getynga (Polish), Göttingen (Turkish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian), Göttinga (medieval Hungarian) , Γοττίγγη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Gramzow | Grębowo (Polish),Gramzow (German) |
| Granada | al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Granada (Catalan, Dutch, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish), Grenade (French) , Γρανάδα΄ (Greek) |
| Graz | Grác (Serbian), Grāca (Latvian), Gradec (Slovene), Gratz (French), Graz (Dutch, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Turkish), Grodziec (Polish), Štýrský Hradec (Czech) |
| Greifswald | Greifswald (Afrikaans, Dutch, French, German), Gryfia (Polish, Pommeranian) |
| Grenoble | Grasanòbol (Occitan), Grenoble (Dutch, French, Italian, Romanian) |
| Groningen | Greuninge (Limburgish), Grins (Frisian), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Groningen (Afrikaans, Dutch, German, Romanian), Groningue (French), Grönnen / Grunnen / Grunn'n (Gronings), Groot Loug or Stad (local nicknames) |
| Grozny | Caharkala or Caharkale (alternative Turkish names), Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Džochargala (alternative Lithuanian name), Groznas (Lithuanian), Groznîi (Romanian), Groznija (Latvian), Groznyj - Грозный (Russian), Grozni (Turkish), Grozny (Polish) |
| Grudziądz | Grudziądz (Polish), Graudenz (German), |
| Günzburg | Günzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish) |
| Gusev | Gąbin (Polish), Gumbinė (Lithuanian), Gumbinnen (German), Gusev - Гусев (Russian) |
| Győr | Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Ráb (Czech) |
H
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Haderslev | Hadersleben (German), Haderslev (Danish) |
| Hamburg | 漢堡 (Chinese), Amburgo (Italian), Amvúrgho - Αμβούργο (Greek), Gamburg - Гамбург (Russian), Hamborg (Danish, Low Saxon), Hambourg (French), Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Catalan, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Hamburga (Latvian), Hamburgas (Lithuanian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Hamburk (Czech), Hampuri (Finnish) |
| Hämeenlinna | Hämeenlinna (Estonian, Finnish), Tavastehus (Swedish) |
| Hamelin | Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Hamelín (Spanish), Hameln (German, Finnish) |
| Hanau | Hanau (German, Romanian), Hanava (Czech) |
| Hanover | 漢諾威 (Chinese), Anóvero - Αννόβερο (Greek), Ganover - Гановер (Russian), Hannover (Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Italian, Swedish, Turkish)), Hanôver (Portuguese), Hanóver (Spanish), Hanovera (Latvian), Hanoveris (Lithuanian), Hanovra (Romanian), Hanovre (French), Hanower (Polish), Hanôve (Walloon) |
| Hasselt | Hasselt (Dutch, French, Limburgish, Romanian), Hasse / Hasque / Hassèl (Walloon), |
| Heerlen | Heerlen (Dutch), Coriovallum (Latin), Heële (local Limburgish) |
| Heligoland | Helgoland (German, Polish, Romanian, Turkish), Heligolândia (Portuguese), Dät Luun (North Frisian) |
| Helsinki | Elsínki - Ελσίνκι (Greek), Helsingfors (Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Helsingforsia (former Latin name), Helsingi (Estonian), Helsingia (Latin), Hel'sinki (Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinki (Finnish, German, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Turkish), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsínquia (Portuguese), Chielsynki - Хельсынкі (Belarusian) Helsset (North Sami), Helzinki - Хелзинки (Bulgarian), Hilsīnkī (Arabic), Herushinki - ヘルシンキ (Japanese), Helsingk'i - 헬싱키 (Korean), Stadi and Hesa ( Slangi) |
| Heraklion | Càndia (Catalan), Candia (Italian, Spanish), Cândia/Heráclion (Portuguese), Candie (old French), Héraklion (French), Iraklio - Ηράκλειο (Greek), Iraklion (Finnish, Polish, Serbian, Romanian), Kandiye (Turkish) |
| 's Hertogenbosch | 's Hertogenbosch (Dutch, German) and Den Bosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Boscoducale (Italian), De Bos(j) (Limburgish) |
| Homyel' | Homiel = Гомель (Belarusian), Gomel' (Russian), Homl - האָמל (Yiddish), Homel (Polish), Homiel (Romanian) |
| Hoyerswerda | Hoyerswerda (German), Wojerecy (Sorbian) |
| Hrodna | Harodnia - Гародня (original Belarusian), Gardinas (Lithuanian), Grodņa (Latvian), Grodno (Finnish, Polish, Romanian, Russian), Grodne - גראָדנע (Yiddish), Гродно/Hrodno (Ukrainian) |
| Hum | Hum (Croatian, Romanian, Serbian), Colmo (Italian) |
| Huy | Huy (French), Hoei (Dutch), Hu (Walloon) |
I
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Iaşi | Iaşi (Romanian), Iasio - Ιάσιο (Greek), Iassy (former French), Jászvásár (old Hungarian), Jassy (German, Polish, former English), Yaş (Turkish) |
| Iglesias | Iglesias (Italian, Romanian, Spanish), Igresias (Sardinian), Villa di Chiesa (former Italian), Is Cresias (former Sardinian), Esglesies or Iglesies (Catalan) |
| Iisalmi | Iisalmi (Finnish), Idensalmi (Swedish) |
| Iraklion | See Heraklion |
| Innsbruck | Innsbruck (Finnish, German, Romanian), Inomost (Old Slovene), Innomostí / Inšpruk (Czech), Insbruka (Latvian), Insbrukas (Lithuanian), Insbruque (Portuguese), Inzbruk (Serbian) |
| Ioannina | Giannina (Italian), Ianina (Aromanian, Romanian), Ioannina (Finnish), Ioánnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek), Janinë / Janina (Albanian, Czech), Yánena - Γιάννενα/Yánina - Γιάννινα (Greek variants), Yanya (Turkish) |
| Istanbul | 依斯坦堡 or 依斯坦布爾 (Chinese), Bolis (Armenian), Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (French, Romanian, Serbian, Slovenian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Κωνσταντινούπολις / Konstantinúpolis Η Πόλη/I Poli (i.e. The City) (Greek), Mikligarður (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian)
|
| Ivangorod | Ивангород (Russian), Jaanilinn (Estonian) |
| Ivano-Frankivsk | Івано-Франківськ/Ivano-Frankivs'k (Ukrainian), Ивано-Франковск/Ivano-Frankovsk (Russian), Iwano-Frankowsk (Polish), İvano-Frankovsk (Turkish), Ivano-Frankovskas (Lithuanian), Iwano-Frankiwsk (German), Stanislau (former German), Станиславов/Stanislavov (former Russian), Stanislavovas (former Lithuanian), סטאַניסלעװ/Stanislev (Yiddish), Stanisławów (former Polish), Станиславів/Stanyslaviv (former Ukrainian) |
| Inverness | Inbhir Nis (Gaelic), Inbhear Nis (Irish) |
J
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Jablonec nad Nisou | Gablonz (German), Jablonec nad Nysą (Polish) |
| Jakobstad | Jakobstad (Swedish), Pietarsaari (Estonian, Finnish) |
| Jarosław | Jaroslau (German), Jarosław (Polish), Yareslev - יאַרעסלעװ (Yiddish), Yaroslav (Russian) |
| Jelgava | Mitau (German), лгава / Митава (Russian), Mitawa (Polish) |
| Jena | Iéna (French), Iena (Romanian), Jena (German) , Ιένα (Greek) |
| Jihlava | Iglau (German), Jihlava (Czech) |
| Jurbarkas | Jurbarkas (Lithuanian), Georgenburg (German), Yurburg (Yiddish) |
K
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Kajaani | Kajaani (Finnish), Kajana (Swedish) |
| Kaliningrad | Kaliningrad - Калининград (Finnish, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish), Kaliningrad / Królewiec (Polish), Kaļiņingrada (Latvian), Kalininhrad - Калінінград (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Karalaviec - Каралявец (Belarusian), Kaliningrado (Spanish, Portuguese), Kalinjingrad (Croatian, Serbian), Kaljinjingrad - Каљињинград (Serbian), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian), Kalinyingrád (Hungarian), Καλίνινγκραντ (Greek), Kalíngrad (Icelandic)
before 1946: Kenigsberg קעניגסבערג (Yiddish), Keunigsbarg (Low Saxon), Koningsbergen (Dutch), Königsberg (German, Hungarian), Konigsberga (Portuguese), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (Polish), Καινιξβέργη (Greek), Regiomontium (Latin) |
| Kamenz | Kamenz (German), Kamjenc (Upper Sorbian) |
| Kamianets-Podilskyi | Camenecium (Latin), Cameniţa (Romanian), Kamenets קאַמענעץ (Yiddish), Kamenets-Podol'skiy - Каменец-Подольский (Russian), Kamieniec Podolski (Polish), Kam"yanets'-Podil's'kyy - Кам’янець-Подільський (Ukrainian) |
| Kandalaksha | Kandalaksha - Кандалакша (Russian), Kannanlahti / Kantalahti (Finnish) |
| Kartuzy | Kartuzy (Polish), Karthaus (German), Cartusia (Latin) |
| Katowice | Katowice (Polish, Hungarian), Katovicai (Lithuanian), Katovice (Czech, Latvian, Romanian, Serbian), Katoviçe (Turkish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogród (Polish 1953-1956) |
| Kaunas | Kauen (German), Kauņa (Latvian), Kaunas (Finnish, Lithuanian, Romanian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Koŭna - Коўна (Belarusian), Kovne - קאָװנע (Yiddish), Kovno (Czech), Kovno - Ковно (Russian), Kowno (Polish) |
| Kayseri | Caesarea (Latin), Kayseri (Turkish) |
| Kazan | Casan (Latin), Kasan (German), Kazan (Turkish), Kazań (Polish), Kazaņa (Latvian), Qazan (Tatar) |
| Kem | Kem' - Кемь (Russian), Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish) |
| Kemi | Giepma (Northern Sami) |
| Kerch | Kerç (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Kerch - Керч (Ukrainian), Kerch - Керчь (Russian), Kercz (Polish), Kerci (Romanian), Kertš (Finnish), Krč (older Croatian) |
| Kętrzyn | Kętrzyn (Polish), Rastenburg (German) |
| Kharkiv | Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Charkovas (Lithuanian), Charków (Polish), Harkov (Romanian, Serbian), Harkova (Finnish, Latvian), Hárkovo - Χάρκοβο (Greek), Karkov (Turkish), Kharkiv - Харків (Ukrainian), Khar'kov - Харьков (Russian) |
| Kiel | Kiel (Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Low Saxon, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Ķīle (Latvian), Kilonia (Polish), Kylis (Lithuanian), Quília (Portuguese), Κίελο (Greek) |
| Kielce | Kielce (Polish), Kelts - קעלץ (Yiddish), Kel'tsy - Кельцы (Russian) |
| Kiev | Kænugarður (Icelandic), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiev (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish) Kiev - קיִעװ (Yiddish), Kijeŭ - Кіеў (Belarusian), Kíevo - Κίεβο (Greek), Kiew (German), Kiiev (Estonian), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovene), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kiova (Finnish), Kiyev - Киев (Russian), Kīyif (Arabic), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak); Kyyiv - Київ (Ukrainian, transliteration with double-"y" is controversial), Kyiv - Київ (Ukrainian, transliteration with single-"y" is controversial), Qiyev - קייב (Hebrew), Chiu ([very] old Romanian) |
| Kırklareli | Kırkkilise (former/Ottoman Turkish), Kırklareli (Turkish), Lozengrad (Bulgarian), Saranta Ekklisyes (Greek) |
| Kirovohrad | Kirovgrado (Portuguese, Spanish); Yelizavetgrad (former name) |
| Kilkenny | Cill Chainnigh (Irish) |
| Kiruna | Giron (Sami), Kiiruna (Finnish), Kiruna (Swedish) |
| Klagenfurt | Celovec (Czech, Slovene), Klagenfurt (German, Romanian), Želanec (alternative Czech name) |
| Klaipėda | Klaipėda (Lithuanian), Klaipeda (Estonian, Finnish, Romanian), Klaipēda (Latvian), Klajpeda (Belarusian), Kłajpeda (Polish), Meemel (former Estonian), Memel (German), Mēmele (former Latvian) |
| Kobarid | Caporetto (Italian, Romanian), Kobarid (Slovene), Cjaurêt (Friulian) |
| Kolkwitz | Gołkojce (Lower Sorbian), Kolkwitz (Niederlausitz) (German) |
| Kolomyya | Colomeea (Romanian), Kilemey - קילעמײ (Yiddish), Kolomea (German), Kołomyja (Polish), Kolomyya - Коломия (Ukrainian) |
| Komárno | Komárom (Hungarian), Komárno (Slovakian) |
| Komotini | Gümülcine (Turkish), Komotini - Κομοτηνή (Greek) |
| Kondopoga | Kondopoga - Кондопога (Russian), Kontupohja (Finnish) |
| Konstanz | Constance (French, variant in English), Constança/Constância (Portuguese), Constanţa (Romanian), Costanza (Italian), Konstanca (Serbian), Konstancja/Konstanca (Polish), Kostnice (Czech), Konstántza - Κωνστάντζα/Κωνσταντία (Greek) |
| Konya | Iconium (Latin), Ikkuninuwa (Hittite), Ikonion (Greek), Konya (Turkish) |
| Köpenick | Köpenick (German), Kopník (Czech) |
| Koper | Capodistria (Italian), Kopar (Croatian, Serbian), Koper (Slovene, Polish), Cjaudistre (Friulian) |
| Korçë | Corizza (Italian), Korçë / Korça (Albanian), Koritsa - Κορυτσά (Greek) |
| Kortrijk | Kortrijk (Dutch), Kortryk (Afrikaans) Courtrai (French, Romanian), Kortriek (Limburgish) |
| Košice | Cassovia (Latin), Kaschau (German), Kasha (Romany), Kassa (Hungarian), Košice (Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Koshytsi - (old Ukrainian) Koszyce (Polish), Caşovia (old Romanian) |
| Kosovo Polje | Fushë Kosova (Albanian), Amselfeld (German), Câmpia Mierlei (Romanian), Champ des merles (French), Kosovo Polje (Serbian), Kosowe Pole (Polish), Kosifopédhio - Κοσσυφοπέδιο (Greek), Merelveld (Afrikaans, Dutch), Rigómező (Hungarian) |
| Kotor | Cattaro (Italian), Kotor (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Kovel | Kovel' - Ковель (Russian, Ukrainian), Kowel (Polish), Kovl - קאָװל (Yiddish) |
| Kraków | Kraków (Polish, Swedish), Krakow and Kraków, formerly also Cracow (English variants), Cracovia (Italian, Romanian, Spanish), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kroke - קראָקע (Yiddish), Kraká (Icelandic), Krakau (Dutch, German), Краків/Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakkó (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Krakova (Latvian, Finnish), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian), Krakaŭ - Кракаў (Belarusian) |
| Krems | Krems (German, Romanian), Kremže / Křemže (Czech) |
| Kristianstad | Kristianstad (Swedish), Kristianstadas (Lithuanian) |
| Kristinestad | Christinae Stadh (former Swedish), Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Kristinestad (Swedish), Kristingrad - Кристинград (Serbian), Krinstianstad (Polish) |
| Krnov | Carnovia (Latin), Jägerndorf (German), Karniów (former Polish), Krnov (Czech), Krnów (Polish) |
| Kudowa Zdrój | Chudoba (Czech), Kudowa-Zdrój (Polish) |
| Kuopio | Kuopio (Finnish, Swedish) |
| Kuressaare | Arensburg (former German and Swedish) |
| Kwidzyn | Kwidzyn (Polish), Marienwerder (German) |
| Kyle of Lochalsh | Caol Loch Ailse (Scots Gaelic) |
L
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Labin | Albona (Italian), Labin (Croatian, Serban) |
| Lahti | Lahti (Estonian, Finnish, Romanian, Slovene), Lahtis (Swedish) |
| Lakhva | Лахва (Belarusian), Łachwa (Polish), Лахва (Russian), לחווא (Hebrew), לאַכװע (Yiddish) |
| Lappeenranta | Lappeenranta (Estonian, Finnish), Villmanstrand (Swedish) |
| Lausanne | Lausanne (French, Finnish, Romanian, Swedish), Lausana (Spanish, Portuguese), Losanna (Italian), Lozan (Armenian, Turkish), Lozana (Serbian), Lozáni - Λωζάννη (Greek), Lozanna (Latvian, Polish), Luzana (Slovene) |
| Leeuwarden | Leeuwarden (Dutch, Finnish), Ljouwert (Frisian), Liwwarden (Town Frisian), Liewarde (Limburgish) |
| Leghorn | Liorna (Spanish), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Romanian), Livourne (French),Λιβόρνο (Greek) |
| Leicester | لستر (Persian), Caerlyr (Welsh), Ratae (Latin), Leicestria (Church Latin) |
| Leiden | Leida (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Leiden (Dutch, Slovene), Lejda (Polish), Leyde (French), Leyden (variant in English) |
| Leipzig | 萊比錫 (Chinese), Lajpcig (Serbian), Lajpcyg - Ляйбцыґ (Belarusian), Leipciga (Latvian), Leipcigas (Lithuanian), Leipsic (older English), Leipzig (Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lipsía - Λειψία (Greek), Lipsia (Italian), Lípsia (Portuguese), Lipsk (Lower Sorbian, Polish), Lipsko (Czech, Slovak) |
| Lębork | Lauenburg (German), Lębork (Polish) |
| Leuven | Leuven (Afrikaans, Dutch, Finnish), Louvain (French, Romanian), Lováin (Irish), Lovaina (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Lovaň (Czech), Lovanio (Italian), Löwen (German), Lovin (Walloon), Léiwen (Luxembourgish) |
| Lezhë | Lezhë / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian) |
| Liège | Liège (French, Hungarian, Swedish), Lîdje / Lîdge (Walloon), Léck (Luxembourgish), Leodium (Latin), L'ež - Льеж (Russian), Лиеж (Bulgarian), Liege (Finnish, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Liége (former French, Portuguese), Liegi (Italian), Lieĝo (Esperanto), Lieja (Catalan, Spanish), Liéyi - Λιέγη (Greek), Liež (Bulgarian, Serbian), Lježa (Latvian), Luik (Dutch), Lutych (Czech), Lüttich (German), Luuk (Luik) (Limburgish), ولييج (Arabic), 列日 (Chinese), ליאז' (Hebrew), リエージュ (Japanese) |
| Liepāja | Libau (German), Liepoja (Lithuanian), Libava (former Russian), Libave - ליבאַװע (Yiddish), Liepaja (Estonian, Finnish, Romanian), Liepāja (Latvian), Liibavi (former Estonian), Lipawa (Polish), Liyepaya (Russian) |
| Lier | Lier (Dutch), Lierre (French) |
| Lille | Lille (French, Finnish, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian), Rijsel (Flemish Dutch), Rijssel (Dutch), Rijk (Flemish dialect), Lil (Serbian), Lilla (Catalan, Italian), |
| Limoges | Lemòtges (Occitan), Limož (Serbian) |
| Limassol | Lemesos - Λεμεσός (Greek), Leymosun (obsolete Turkish), Limasol (Turkish) |
| Limerick | Limeriko (Esperanto), Luimneach (Irish) |
| Linköping | Lincopia (Latin), Linköping (Danish, Finnish, Swedish) |
| Linz | Lentia (Latin), Linca (Latvian), Linec (Czech), Linz (German, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Lisbon | 里斯本 (Chinese), ليسبون (Persian), Liospóin (Irish), Lisabon (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak), Lisabona (Latvian, Lithuanian, Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lisbono (Esperanto), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna - Λισσαβώνα (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Armenian, Turkish), Lizbona (Polish, Slovene), Ushbune (old Arabian) |
| Liverpool | 利物浦 (Chinese), ليورپول (Persian), Learpholl (Irish), Lerpwl (Welsh), Liverpūle (Latvian), Liverpulis (Lithuanian), Liverpulo (Esperanto), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh) |
| Livorno | Liorna (Catalan), Livorno or Leghorn (English), Livourne (French) |
| Ljubljana | Laibach (German), Liubliana (Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Liublijana (Lithuanian), Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Ljubljana (Croatian, Finnish, French, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Lubiana (Italian), Lubjanë (Albanian), Lublaň (Czech), Ļubļana (Latvian), Lublana (Polish), Ľubľana (Slovak), Lubliyana (Turkish), Loubliána - Λουμπλιάνα (Greek), Ljubljana - Люблянa (Russian), |
| Lleida | Lerida (Italian, Romanian), Lérida (French, Portuguese, Spanish), Lleida (Catalan, Finnish) |
| Löbau | Löbau (German), Lubij (Upper Sorbian), Lubiniec (Polish) |
| London | 倫敦 (Chinese), Landan (Arabic), لندن (Persian, Urdu), Llundain (Welsh), Londain (Irish), Londan - Лёндан (Belarusian), Londe (Limburgish), Londen (Afrikaans, Dutch), Londhíno - Λονδίνο (Greek), Londinium (Latin), Londona (Latvian), Londonas (Lithuanian), Londono (Esperanto), Londra (Albanian, Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Londres (Catalan, French, Portuguese, Spanish), Londrez (Breton), Londyn (Polish), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Lundenwic (Anglo-Saxon), Lundúnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scots Gaelic), Reondeon - 런던 (Korean), Rondon - ロンドン (Japanese) |
| Londonderry | Derio (Esperanto), Derry (almost universally used in English in Republic of Ireland; disputed usage in Northern Ireland), Doire/Doire Cholm Cille (Irish), Lunnonderry (Scots) |
| Longwy | Longwy (French), Langich (German), Lonkech or Lonkesch (Luxembourgish) |
| Lourdes | Lorda (Catalan, Occitan), Lourde (Provençal), Lourdes (French, Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Lurdy (Czech) , Λούρδη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Lübben | Lübben (German), Lubin (Lower Sorbian, Polish) |
| Lübbenau | Lübbenau (German), Lubnjow (Lower Sorbian) |
| Lübeck | Libek (Serbian), Lībeka (Latvian), Liubekas (Lithuanian), Lubecca (Italian), Lübeck (French, German, Low Saxon, Romanian, Swedish), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lubeque (Portuguese), Lüübek (Estonian), Lyypekki (Finnish) , Λυβέκη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Lublin | Lublino (Italian), Liublinas (Lithuanian), Люблин (Russian), ルブリン (Japanese), לובלין (Hebrew) |
| Lucca | Luca (Portuguese), Lucca (Italian, Romanian), Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish) |
| Lucerne | Liucerna (Lithuanian), Lucern (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Lucerna (Italian, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Lucerne (French), Lukérni - Λουκέρνη (Greek), Luzern (Afrikaans, Dutch, Finnish, German, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Luzerna (Catalan) |
| Luleå | Luleå (Swedish), Lulėja (Lithuanian), Luleo (Latvian, Serbian), Luulaja (Finnish) |
| Lund | Lund (Danish, Swedish), Lunda (Latin, Latvian) |
| Lüneburg | Lüneburch (Low Saxon), Lüneburg (German, Romanian), Luneburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Lunenburg (Dutch, variant in English) |
| Lutsk | Luckas (Lithuanian), Luţk (Romanian), Lutsk / Luts’k / Луцьк (Ukrainian), Łuck (Polish), |
| Luxembourg | 盧森堡 (Chinese), Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg - Люксембург (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, Slovene), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Luksemburgio (Esperanto), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lussimbork (Walloon), Lützelburg (former German), Lúxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Estonian, French, Hungarian [for the city]), Luxemburg (Afrikaans, Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Hungarian [for the country], Romanian, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxembursko (Slovak), Luxemvúrgho - Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh), Luksemburg - Люксэмбурґ(Belarusian) |
| L'viv | Ilyvó (old Hungarian), Lavov (Croatian, Serbian), Lemberg (German), Lemberg - לעמבערג (Yiddish), Léopol (French), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Liov (Romanian), L'viv - Львів (Ukrainian), L'voŭ - Львоў (Belarusian), Lvov (Czech, Portuguese, Slovene), L'vov - Львов (Russian), Ľvov (Slovak), Ļvova (Latvian), Lvovas (Lithuanian), Lwów (Polish) |
| Lyon | Lião (Portuguese), Lijonas (Lithuanian), Lió (Catalan), Lión - Λυών (Greek) , Λούγδουνον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Liona (Latvian), Lione (Italian), Liono (Esperanto), Liyon (Serbian, Turkish), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin), Lyon (Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Slovene), Lyón (Spanish), Lyons (traditional English name) |
M
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Maastricht | Mastriht (Serbian), Maastricht (Dutch, Finnish, French, Romanian), Maestricht (former French, Flemisch, Romanian variant), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Māstrihta (Latvian), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (Limburgish), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon) |
| Madrid | 馬德里 (Chinese), Madhríti - Μαδρίτη (Greek), Madorīdo - マドリード (Japanese), Madri (Brazilian Portuguese), Madrid (Finnish, French, Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madride (Latvian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), Mecrit (Arabic) |
| Mahilyow | Mahiloŭ - Магілёў (Belarusian), Mogilev (Russian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Molev - מאָלעװ (Yiddish), Movilău (Romanian), Moghilău (Romanian variant), Mogiliovas (Lithuanian) |
| Mainz | 美因茨(Chinese), Määnz (local dialect), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Mainca (Latvian), Mainz (Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Meenz (former local dialect), Maienţa (old Romanian), Maghentía - Μαγεντία (Greek, along with the modern name) |
| Malbork | Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German), Malborg (Romanian) |
| Malmö | Malme (Latvian), Malmø (Danish), Malmö (Finnish, Swedish, Turkish), Malmogia (Latin) |
| Manchester | 曼彻斯特 (Chinese), Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestera (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Manchain (Irish), Manchéster (Portuguese), Mancunium (Latin) , Μαγχεστρία (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Mantua | Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Romanian, Slovak), Mantua (Latin), Mântua (Portuguese) |
| Maribor | Marburg (German), Marburgo (Portuguese), Maribor (Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian) |
| Mariehamn | Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish) |
| Marktredwitz | Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech) |
| Marseille | Mareseļa (Latvian), Marseille (Finnish, French, Swedish), Marseilles (English variant), Marsel' - Марсель (Russian), Marselha (Portuguese), Marselis (Lithuanian), Marselj (Serbian), Marseljo (Esperanto), Marsella (Spanish), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsilha/Marselha (Occitan), Marsilia (Romanian), Marsīliyā (Arabic), Marsilya (Armenian, Turkish), Marsylia (Polish), Massalía - Μασσαλία (Greek), Massilia (Latin) |
| Mechelen | Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French, Romanian), Mechelen (Dutch, Finnish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name) |
| Meißen | Meisene (Latvian), Meißen (German), Meissen (Romanian), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish) |
| Melk | Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (former German) |
| Messina | Mesīna (Latvian), Mesíni - Μεσσίνη (Greek), Messina (Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Turkish), Messine (French), Messyna / Mesyna (Polish), Missina (Sicilian) |
| Metz | Divodurum (Latin), Meca (Latvian), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mety (Czech), Metz (Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian) |
| Międzybórz | Mezbizh - מעזביזש (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Polish) |
| Miercurea-Ciuc | Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German) |
| Mikkeli | Mikkeli (Finnish), Sankt Michel (Swedish) |
| Mikulov | Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German) |
| Milan | 米蘭 (Chinese), Mailand (German), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana Μεδιόλανα (former Greek), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Dutch), Milan (French, Friulian), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Milāna (Latvian), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Miláno - Μιλάνο (Greek, Slovak), Milánó (Hungarian), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milanas (Lithuanian) |
| Minsk | Minsk - Мінск or Miensk - Менск (Belarusian), Minsk - Минск (Russian, Serbian), Minsk - מינסק (Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k - Мінськ (Ukrainian), Minska (Latvian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minszk (Hungarian), Minskas (Lithuanian), Minsk (Finnish, Romanian, Turkish) |
| Miskolc | Miskolc (Hungarian, Finnish), Miškolc (Serbian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish), Mişcolţ (Romanian) |
| Moineşti | Moineşti (Romanian), Mojnest (Hungarian) |
| Modena | Modène (French), Módena (Spanish), Mutina (Latin) |
| Monaco | 摩納哥 (Chinese), Manaka - Манака (Belarusian), Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Basque, Esperanto, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monegue (Occitan), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque) |
| Mons | Bergen (Dutch), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (French, Romanian), Mont (Walloon), Berg (Limburgish) |
| Monschau | Monschau (German), Montjoie (French) |
| Montbéliard | Mömpelgard (German), Montbéliard (French, Romanian) |
| Moscow | 莫斯科 (Chinese), Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Lithuanian), Maskva - Масква (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscou (Portuguese of Brazil), Moscovo (Portuguese of Europe), Moscú (Spanish), Mosekao (Hawaiian), Moskau (German), Móskha - Μόσχα (Greek), Moskou (Afrikaans, Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva (Armenian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Hebrew, Norwegian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Ukrainian, Icelandic), Moskve - מאָסקװע (Yiddish), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Bahasa Indonesia, Polish), Mosukuwa - モスクワ (Japanese), Moszkva (Hungarian), Mūskū (Arabic) |
| Mosonmagyaróvár | Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German) |
| Motovun | Motovun (Croatian, Serbian), Montona (Italian) |
| Mścisłaŭ | See Amścisłaŭ |
| Mukacheve | Mucacevo (Romanian), Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian, Serbian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh - מינקאַטש (Yiddish), Muncaci (Romanian variant), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German) |
| Mulhouse | Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (Finnish, French, Romanian), Mylhúzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish) , Μυλούζη (Greek) |
| Munich | 慕尼黑 (Chinese), Minhen (Serbian), Minhene (Latvian), Minkhn - מינכן (Yiddish); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Мюнхен/Myunkhen (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho - Μόναχο (Greek), Monakovo (old Slovene), München (Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Low Saxon, modern Slovene, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon), Munikh (Armenian) Minga (Bavarian) |
| Münster | Minstere (Latvian), Münster (German, Romanian, Turkish), Meuster (Walloon), Monastyr (Polish) |
| Murmansk | Moermansk (Dutch), Mourmansk (French), Murmansaka (Latvian), Murmansk - Мурманск (Belarusian, Russian, Serbian), Murmansk (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Murmańsk (Polish), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (former Finnish), Muurmansk or Murmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name), Múrmansk (Icelandic) |
| Mykolaiv or Mykolayiv | Nikolayev or Nikolaev - Никола́ев (Russian) |
N
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Namur | Namur (French, Romanian), Namen (Dutch), Nameur (Walloon) |
| Nancy | Nancy (French, Romanian), Nanzig (German), Nanzeg (Luxembourgish) |
| Nantes | An Naoned (Breton), Nantes (French), Naunnt (Gallo) , Νάντη (Greek) |
| Naoussa | Naoussa - Νάουσα (Greek), Negush - Негуш (Macedonian, Bulgarian) |
| Naples | Nābūlī (Arabic), Napels (Dutch), Naples (French), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German, Swedish), Neapelj (Slovene), Neapole (Latvian, old Romanian), Neapolis (Latin, Lithuanian), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Nápoli - Νάπολη (modern Greek), Neápolis - Νεάπολις (ancient Greek) |
| Narbonne | Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Spanish), Narbonne (French, Romanian) |
| Navahradak | Navahrudak - Навагрудак (Belarusian), Naugardukas (Lithuanian), Nowogródek (Polish), Novogrudok (Russian) |
| Neuchâtel | Neuchâtel (French, Romanian), Neuenburg (German) |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | 纽卡素 (Chinese), An Caisleán Nua (Irish), Nova Castra (Latin) |
| Newport (Monmouthshire) | Casnewydd (Welsh) |
| Newport (Pembrokeshire) | Trefdraeth (Welsh) |
| Nice | 尼斯 (Chinese), Nica (Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Serbian), Niça (Catalan, Occitan), Nicaea (Latin), Nice (French, Swedish), Nicea (Polish), Níkea - Νίκαια (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian), Nissa (Occitan variant, Provençal), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German, Hungarian) |
| Nicosia | Lefkoşe or Lefkoşa (Turkish), Lefkosía - Λευκωσία (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikosija (Latvian, Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Lithuanian, Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic) |
| Nieuweschans | Neuschanz (German), Nieuweschans (Dutch) |
| Nijmegen | Nijmegen (Dutch, Romanian), Nimega (Italian, Spanish), Nimègue (French), Nimwegen (German), Nîmegue (Walloon), Batavodurum, Noviomagum (Latin), Nimwege (local dialect, possible Limburgs), Nijmege (common Limburgs) |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Nižni Noŭharad - Ніжні Ноўгарад (Belarusian), Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian, Turkish), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish, Serbian), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish); Gorky (former name 1932-1990), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian), Ņižņnovgoroda (Latvian) |
| Novi Sad | Neusatz (German), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Serbian), Nový Sad (Slovak), Újvidék (Hungarian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian), Novisada (Latvian), Novi Sad (Romanian), Nowy Sad (Polish) |
| Nowy Sącz | Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish) |
| Nuoro | Nuoro (Italian), Nugoro (Sardinian) |
| Nuremberg | Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Nirnberg (Serbian), Norimberg (Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürnberg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Turkish), Nürenberg (Romanian), Nirnberga (Latvian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian), Näöreberg (Limburgish) |
O
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Óbuda (now part of Budapest) | Altofen (German), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech), Buda (Polish), Buda (Veche) (Romanian) |
| Odessa | Ades - אַדעס (Yiddish), Hacıbey (obsolete Turkish), Одеса/Odesa (Ukrainian, Serbian), Odessa (Russian, Polish, Turkish variant), Odesa (Latvian, Romanian, Turkish), Odhissós - Οδησσός (Greek) |
| Ohrid | Охрид (Macedonian, Bulgarian,Serbian), Ohrídha - Οχρίδα/Αχρίδα (Greek), Ohër (Albanian), Ochryda (Polish), Ohri (Turkish)
Older Graeco-Illyrian names include Dyassarites, Lychnidos, Lychnis, Ochrida, and Achrida |
| Olbia | Olbia (Italian), Terranoa (Sardinian), Tarranoa (Corsican), Terranova Pausania (former Italian) |
| Oldenburg | Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian) |
| Olkusz | Hilcus (Latin), Ilkenau (German 1942-45), Ilkusz (former Polish), Olkusch (German), Olkusz (Polish) |
| Olomouc | Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech - Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium, Iuliomontium or Olomucii (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish) |
| Olsztyn | Allenstein (German), Olsztyn (Polish), Olštinas (Lithuanian), Ольштын (Russian) |
| Oneşti | Oneşti (Romania), Onyest (Hungarian) |
| Opatija | Abbazia (Italian), Opatija (Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Slovene), Sankt Jakobi (German) |
| Opava | Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German) |
| Opole | Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German) |
| Oradea | Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Oradea-Mare (former Romanian), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish) |
| Oranienburg | Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German), Oranienburg (German) |
| Oristano | Oristano (Italian), Aristanis (Sardinian), Oristany (Catalan), Oristan (Spanish) |
| Osijek | Eszék (Hungarian), Esseg (former German), Mursa (Latin), Osijek (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Swedish), Osijekas (Lithuanian), Осијек (Serbian), โอซีเยค (Thai), Osiek (Polish) |
| Oslo | Asloa (Latin), Oslo (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Ūslū (Arabic), Oslas (Lithuanian), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624-1925), Kristiania (late version of former name) |
| Osnabrück | Osnabrück (German, Romanian), Osnabrugge (Dutch), Osnabruque (Portuguese) |
| Ostend | Oostende (Dutch), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostinde (Walloon) , Οστάνδη (Greek) |
| Ostrava | Ostrau (German), Ostrawa (Polish) |
| Ostrów Wielkopolski | Ostrovia (Latin), Ostrowo (German), Ostrów (former Polish), Ostrów Wielkopolski (Polish) |
| Oświęcim | Oświęcim (Polish), 奧斯威辛 (Chinese), Auschwitz (German, Romanian), Aushvitsa (Romany), Oshpitizin (Yiddish), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Osvyenchim (Romany), Aušvice (Latvian) |
| Oulu | Oulu (Estonian, Finnish, Polish), Olu (Latvian), Uleåborg (Swedish) |
| Oxford | Okkusufōdo - オックスフォード (Japanese), Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxonia (Latin), Rhydychen (Welsh), Oksforda (Latvian), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksford (Polish, Serbian), Oksfórdhi - Οξφόρδη (Greek), 牛津 (Niú jìn - literally ox ford) (Chinese) |
| Ozieri | Ozieri (Italian), Othieri (Sardinian), Ocier (Spanish, Catalan) |
P
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Padua | Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Pádua (Portuguese), Paduja (Latvian), Padua (German, Swedish), Padwa (Polish), Padue (Friulian) , Πάδουα/Πάδοβα (Greek) |
| Palermo | Palermu or Palemmu (Sicilian), Palerme (French), Palermo (Dutch, German, Italian, Finnish, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Palermas (Lithuanian), Panormos - Πάνορμος (Greek), Palerma - Палерма (Belarusian) |
| Pamplona | Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Pamplona (Catalan, Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish), Pompaelo (Latin) |
| Panevėžys | Poniewież (Polish), Ponewesch (German) |
| Paris | 巴黎 (Chinese), Bārīs (Arabic), Lutetia (Latin), Paräis (Luxembourgish), Páras (Irish), Pari - パリ (Japanese), Parigi (Italian), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish, Icelandic), Paris (French, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish) Parísi - Παρίσι (Greek), Παρίσιοι Greek - καθαρεύουσα)
, Париж/Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian), Pariz (Croatian, Slovene), Pariz - Париз (Serbian), Pariz - פּאַריז (Yiddish), Paříž (Czech), Paríž (Slovak), Parīze (Latvian), Parizo (Esperanto), Párizs (Hungarian), Parys (Afrikaans), Paryż (Polish), Париж/Paryzh (Ukrainian), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paries (Limburgish), Paryž - Парыж (Belarusian) |
| Parma | Parma (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Latin, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Belarusian), Parme (French), Πάρμα Greek) |
| Pärnu | Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Swedish), Pernau (German), Pērnava (Latvian), Piarnu (Belarusian, Lithuanian) |
| Passau | Batavia Bavariae (feudal Latin), Castra batava (Roman Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech), Passau (Dutch, French, German, Romanian, Turkish), Passovia (Italian) |
| Pazin | Mitterburg (German), Pazin (Croatian, Serbian), Pisino (Italian), |
| Pechory | Petschur (former German), Petseri (Estonian, Finnish) |
| Pécs | Beci (old Romanian), Pětikostelí (Czech), Peç (Turkish), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Päťkostolie (Slovak), Pecz (Polish), Pečuj - Печуј (Serbian), Quinqueecclesiae (Latin), Cinquechiese (old Italian) |
| Peenemünde | Peenemünde (German), Pianoujście (Polish) |
| Perpignan | Perpignan (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Romanian), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhan (Occitan), Perpinhão (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan) |
| Perugia | Pérouse (French), Perugia (Dutch, German, Italian, Romanian), Perusa (Spanish), Perusia (Latin) |
| Petrozavodsk | Petrosawodsk (German), Petroskoi (Finnish), Petrozavodsk (Russian), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian), Pietrazavodzk - Петразаводзк (Belarusian), Äänislinna (former Finnish), Pietrozawodzk (Polish) |
| Piacenza | Piacenza (German, Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish), Piacenţa (Romanian) , Placentia (Latin), Plakentia - Πλακεντία (Greek) |
| Piatra Neamţ | Piatra Neamţ (Romanian), Karácsonkő (Hungarian) |
| Piła | Piła (Polish), Schneidemühl (German) |
| Piotrków Trybunalski | Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish), Petrikau (German), Petrikev - פּעטריקעװ (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian), |
| Piran | Piran (Croatian, German, Serbian, Slovene), Pirano (Italian), Pyrrhanum (Latin) |
| Plauen | Plauen (Dutch, French, German, Polish), Plavno (Czech) |
| Pleven | Pleven (Bulgarian, Serbian), Plevna (Romanian, Russian), Plevne (Turkish), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (German, Polish) |
| Plovdiv | Filippopoli (Italian), Philippolis (Roman Latin), Philipúpoli - Φιλιππούπολη (Greek), Plovdiv (Bulgarian, Dutch, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Portuguese), Plowdiw (German), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian, former name), Trimontium (Roman Latin, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slavic, former name) |
| Plymouth | Pleimuiden (Dutch alternate), Plimuto (Esperanto) |
| Plzeň | Pilsen (English, German, Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian), Pilzene (Latvian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech, Romanian) |
| Podgorica | Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name), Podgorica (Finnish, Portuguese, Polish) |
| Polatsk | Połacak - Полацак (traditional Belarusian), Połack - Полацк(sovietized Belarusian), Połock (Polish), Полоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock (Russian), Poloţk (Romanian) |
| Pompeii | Pompei (Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Pompéi (French), Pompéia (Portuguese), Pompeji (Dutch, German, Latin, Slovene), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Latvian, Serbian), Pompeje (Polish, Czech), Pompiía - Πομπηία (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompeji, (Danish, Swedish) |
| Porec | Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Pori | Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Latvian) |
| Porto | Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian, Spanish, English variant), Portas (Lithuanian), Porto (Czech, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Portus Cale (Latin) |
| Portorož | Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Serbian, Slovene) |
| Porvoo | Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian), Borgoa (Latin) |
| Potsdam | 波茨坦 (Chinese), Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdama (Latvian), Potsdamas (Lithuanian) |
| Poznań | Poznań (Polish), Posen (Dutch, German), Posnania (Latin), Poyzn - פּױזן (Yiddish), Poznaņa (Latvian), Poznanė (Lithuanian), Poznaň (Czech), Poznan (French (for the city), Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Poznań - Познань (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Posnanie (French alternate, but only for the region/province), Poznanie (French alternate, but only for the region/province), |
| Prague | Birāġ (Arabic), Praag (Dutch, Limburgish), Prag (Bosnian, Croatian, Danish, German, Luxembourgish, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish, Icelandic), Prâg (Welsh), Prág (Irish), Pràg (Scottish Gaelic), Praga (Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Kashubian, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovene, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto), Prága - Πράγα (Greek, Hungarian), Prague (English, French, Tagalog), Praha (Belarusian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Ido, Indonesian, Nauruan, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Prāga (Latvian), Prog - פּראָג (Yiddish), Puraha - プラハ (Japanese) |
| Pravdinsk | Friedland (German), Pravdinsk (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian) |
| Priozersk | Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name), Priozersk (German, Russian) |
| Priština | Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian), Priština (Czech),Priştina (Romanian, Turkish), Prisztina (Polish), Pristina (Portuguese), Pristino (Esperanto), Priština (Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovene), Prístina - Πρίστινα (Greek) |
| Pruszcz Gdański | Pruszcz Gdański (Polish), Praust (German), |
| Przemyśl | Przemyśl (Polish), Peremyshl - Перемишль (Russian, Ukrainian), Premisl - פּרעמיסל (Yiddish), Romanian), Peremisla (old Romanian), Pieramyšl - Перамышль (Belarusian), Prömsel (rare German) |
| Pskov | Pihkova (Finnish), Pihkva (Estonian), Pleskau (historical German), Pleskava (Latvian), Pskov (Dutch, Romanian, Russian), Pskovas (Lithuanian), Pskow (modern German, Psków (Polish), Pskoŭ - Пскоў (Belarusian) |
| Pula | Pola (Dutch, French, German, Italian), Póla (Hungarian), Pula (Croatian, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Pulj (Slovene), Polei (archaic German) |
| Puławy | Pilev - פּילעװ (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish) Pilev (English, Spanish) Pullno (German) |
| Pyrzyce | Pyrzyce (Polish), Pyritz (German), |
Q
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Quimper | Quimper (French), Kemper (Breton), Corspotium (Latin) |
R
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Raahe | Raahe (Finnish), Brahestad (Swedish) |
| Rădăuţi | Rădăuţi (Romanian), Radautz (German), Radevits - ראַדעװיץ (Yiddish), Radowce (Polish), Rádóc (Hungarian), Rothacenum (Latin) |
| Radymno | Radymno (Polish), Redem - רעדעם (Yiddish) |
| Rakvere | Wesenberg or Wesenbergh (former German) |
| Rauma | Rauma (Estonian, Finnish), Raumo (Swedish) |
| Ravenna | Raben (old German), Ravena (Romanian), Ravenna (Italian, Finnish), Rawenna (Polish) , Ραβέννα (Greek) |
| Regensburg | Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian, Spanish), Ratisbonne (French), Ratyzbona (Polish), Ratisbon (former English, Latin), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (Dutch, German, Romanian), Řezno (Czech) ,Ρατισβόννη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Rennes | Roazhon (Breton), Rennes (French, Finnish), Resnn (Gallo) |
| Reykjavík | Reykjavik (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Norwegian, Romanian), Reykjavík (Icelandic, Swedish), Rejkjaviko (Esperanto), Reikjavīka (Latvian), Reikyavik (Persian), Reykyavik or Reykavik (Turkish), Rejkiawik + Reykjawik (alternates for Polish) |
| Rheims | Reims (Dutch, Finnish, French, Romanian, German), Remeš (Czech), Remso (Esperanto), Reimsa (Latvian), Reimsas (Lithuanian), Ρήμες (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Riga | Riga (Dutch, German, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Rīga (Latvian), Rīġā (Arabic), Rige - ריגע (Yiddish), Ріга/Riha (Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish), Ryha - Рыга (Belarusian), Ρίγα (Greek) |
| Rijeka | Fiume (Italian, old Hungarian), Reka (Slovene), Rijeka (Croatian, Finnish, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian), St. Veit am Flaum (German), Rieka (Persian) |
| Rivne | Рівне/Rivne (Ukrainian), Rovne - ראָװנע (Yiddish), Rovno (Romanian, Russian), Równe (Polish), Rowno (German) |
| Roč | Roč (Croatian), Rozzo (Italian) |
| Roman | Roman (Romanian), Románvásár (Hungarian), Romanvarasch (German) |
| Rome | 羅馬 (Chinese), Rhufain (Welsh), Rim (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Slovene), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), An Róimh (Irish), Rom (Danish, German, Swedish), Rómi - Ρώμη (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Rōma - ローマ (Japanese), Rome (Dutch, French), Romo (Esperanto), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Roum (Luxembourgish), Roym - רױם (Yiddish), Rūmiya (Arabic), Рим/Rym (Ukrainian), Rzym (Polish), Rome, Roeme, Roame (Limburgish, depending on dialect), Róm (Icelandic) |
| Roskilde | Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Swedish, Turkish, Polish) |
| Rostock | Rostock (Estonian, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Rostoka (Latvian), Rostokas (Lithuanian), Roztoka (former Polish), Rostock/Rostok (alternates for Polish)Roztoky (Czech) |
| Rouen | Rouen (French, Romanian), Rouaan (Dutch alternate), Ruão (Portuguese), Ruāna (Latvian), Rúðuborg (Icelandic), Ρουένη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Rovaniemi | Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Estonian, Finnish, Swedish, Turkish), Rovaniemis (Lithuanian) |
| Rovinj | Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Rzeszów | Rzeszów (Polish, Romanian), Reichshof (German 1939-1945), Řešov (Czech), Reyshe - רײשע (Yiddish), Ryashiv (Ukrainian), |
S
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| St Albans | Verlamion (British), Verulamium (Latin), Verlamchester or Wæclingacaester (Old English) |
| St Andrews | Cille Rimhinn (Scottish Gaelic), Sanct Andraes (Lowland Scots), Kilrymont or Kilrule (former) |
| Saarbrücken | Saarbrücken (German, Romanian), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish), Sarbriukenas (Lithuanian), Saarbrécken (Luxembourgish) |
| Saarlouis | Sarrelouis (French), Saarlouis (German), Saarlautern (German 1939-1945) |
| Sagunto | Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish), Sanguntum (Latin) |
| Salzburg | 薩爾茨堡 (Chinese), Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (German, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Salzburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech), Zalcburga (Latvian), Zalcburgas (Lithuanian) |
| Samara | Kujbišev (Slovene, former name), Kuybyshev (former name) |
| Sânnicolau Mare | Groß Sankt Nikolaus (German), Nagyszentmiklós (Hungarian), Sânnicolau Mare / Sân Nicolau Mare (Romanian) |
| San Sebastián | Donostia (Basque), San Sebatian (Romania), San Sebastián (Spanish, Finnish), Sant Sebastià (Catalan), Saint-Sébastien (French), San Sebastijanas (Lithuanian) |
| Santiago de Compostela | Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Santiago de Compostel·la (Catalan), Sant Jaume de Galícia (former Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Finnish, Portuguese), Santiago di Compostella (Italian) |
| Saragossa | Caesaraugusta (Latin), Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragosa (Latvian, Serbian, Slovene), Saragossa (Catalan, German, Polish), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Zaragoza (Aragonese, Czech, Finnish Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Sarkusta (Arabic) |
| Sarajevo | Saraievo (Romanian), Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajevo (Croatian, Bosnian, Finnish, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Saraybosna (Turkish), Szarajevó (Hungarian), Sarājeva (Latvian), Sarajevas (Lithuanian), Sarajevë (Albanian) |
| Saranda | Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Áyii Saránda - Άγιοι Σαράντα (Greek), Santiquaranta (Italian) |
| Sarreguemines | Sarreguemines (French), Saargemünd (German) |
| Sartene | Sartè (Corsican), Sartena (Italian), Sartene (French) |
| Sassari | Sàsser (Catalan), Sásser (Old Spanish), Sassari (Corsican, Finnish, Italian, Sassarese), Sassari / Tathari / Tattari (Sardinian) |
| Saverne | Zabern (German) |
| Schaffhausen | Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German, Romanian), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish) |
| Schmogrow | Schmogrow (German), Smogorjow (Lower Sorbian) |
| Schweinfurt | Schweinfurt (German, Romanian, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech) |
| Schwerin | Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech) |
| Schwyz | Schwytz (French, Finnish), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh) |
| Senj | Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Zengg (former Hungarian) |
| Sevastopol | Aqyar (Crimean Tatar, Tatar), Sevastopol' - Севастополь (Russian, Ukrainian), Akyar and variant Sivastopol (Turkish), Sebastopol (former English), Sevastopol (Finnish, Romanian), Sevastopole (Latvian), Sewastopol (Polish), Sevastúpoli - Σεβαστούπολη (Greek), Sebastopoli (Italian) |
| Seville | al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Hispalis (Latin), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevilia (former Romanian), Sevilja (Serbian), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish), Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Seviļa (Latvian), Sevilija (Lithuanian), Sevíli - Σεβίλλη (Greek) |
| 's-Hertogenbosch | Den Bosch or 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Herzogenbusch (German), Hertogenbosch (Italian), 's-Hertogenbosch (English, Polish, Swedish) |
| Shkodër | İşkodra (Turkish), Shkodër (Albanian), Scutari (Italian, old Romanian), Scodra (Latin), Scutari (Italian, old Romanian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Szkodra (Polish), Skutari (German) , Σκόδρα (Greek) |
| Shrewsbury | Amwythig (Welsh) |
| Šiauliai | Šaŭli - Шаўлі (Belarusian), Schaulen (German), Shaulyay or Shavli (Russian), Shavl - שאַװל (Yiddish), Šiauliai (Lithuanian, Finnish), Šauļi (Latvian), Szawle (Polish) |
| Sibenik | Sebenico (former Hungarian, Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Szybenik (Polish) |
| Sibiu | Sibiň (Czech), Sibiu (Romanian, Finnish, Turkish), Hermannstadt (German), Nagyszeben (Hungarian), Sybin (Polish) |
| Siedlce | Sedlets (Russian), Shedlets - שעדלעץ (Yiddish), Siedlce (Polish) |
| Sienna | Sienne (French), Siena (Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Turkish), Siena (Lithuanian) |
| Sighişoara | Schässburg (German), Segesvár (Hungarian), Sighişoara (Romanian), Sigiszoara (Polish) |
| Simferopol | Aqmescit (Crimean Tatar, Tatar), Simferopol' - Сімферополь (Ukrainian), Simferopol' - Симферополь (Russian), Akmescit (Turkish), Simferopol (Romanian), Simferopole (Latvian), Symferopol (Polish), Συμφερούπολη (Greek) |
| Skopje | Shkupi (Albanian), Scupi (Latin), Skop'e - Скопье (Russian), Skópia - Σκόπια (Greek), Skopia (Spanish), Skopie (Bulgarian - Скопие, Polish), Skopje (Dutch, Macedonian, Latvian, Portuguese, Slovene, Romanian, Swedish), Scoplie (Romanian variant), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Uskub (Ottoman Turkish), Üsküp (Turkish), Skopjė (Lithuanian), Szkopje (Hungarian) |
| Sligo | Sligeach (Irish) |
| Słupsk | Stolp (German), Stolpe (Latin), Stôłpsk (Kashubian), Stölpe (Swedish), Slupska (Latvian), Слупск (Russian and other languages written in Cyrillic script) |
| Smolensk | Smalensk - Смаленск (Belarusian), Smolensk (Portuguese, Romanian), Smoleńsk (Polish), Smoļenska (Latvian), Smolenskas (Lithuanian), Смоленск (Russian) |
| Södertälje | Södertälje (Swedish), Telga australis (Latin) |
| Solin | Salona (Dutch, Italian), Solin (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Sofia | Safija - Сафія (Belarusian), Serdica (Thracian), Sófia - Σόφια (Greek), Sófia (Portuguese), Sofia (Dutch, Finnish, French, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sofía (Spanish), Sofija - София (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Sofija (Croatian, Slovene, Latvian, Lithuanian), Sofio (Esperanto), Sofya (Turkish), Sredets (Slavic), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Szófia (Hungarian) |
| Solothurn | Soleure (French), Solothurn (Dutch, German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish) |
| Sønderborg | Sonderburg (German) |
| Sopron | Ödenburg (German), Šoproň (Czech), Sopron (Hungarian, Romanian), Šopron (Croatian) |
| Sovetsk | Sovetsk - Советск (Russian), Sovjetsk (Serbian, Slovene), Sovyetsk (Turkish), Tilsit (German), Tilzīte (Latvian), Tilžė (Lithuanian), Tylża (Polish) |
| Speyer | Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spiers (Dutch), Spira (Italian, Polish), Spire (French), Spires (former English), Špýr (Czech) |
| Spišská Nová Ves | Igló (Hungarian), Nowa Wieś Spiska / Spiska Nowa Wieś (Polish), Noveysis (Romany), Spišská Nová Ves (Slovak), Villa Nova (Latin), (Zipser) Neu(en)dorf (German) |
| Split | Spalato (former Hungarian, Italian), Split (Croatian, Dutch, Finnish Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Polish), Splita (Latvian), Splitas (Lithuanian) , Σπολάτο (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Spremberg | Grodk (Lower Sorbian), Spremberg (German) |
| St. Gallen | Saint-Gall (French, Romanian), Sankt Gallen (Dutch, German), San Gallo (Italian), Son Gagl (Romansh), Svatý Havel (Czech) |
| St. Petersburg | 聖彼得堡 (Chinese), Ayía Petrúpoli - Αγία Πετρούπολη (Greek), Peterburg - פּעטערבורג (Yiddish), Peterburi (Estonian), Petroburgo (Esperanto), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Pétersbourg (French), Sankt-Pieciarburh - Санкт-Пецярбург (Belarusian), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian, Slovene), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian, Slovak), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sankt Petersburg (German, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian), San Petersburgo (Spanish), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), São Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), St. Petersburg Norwegian, St Petersburg or Petersburg (Turkish), Szentpétervár (Hungarian); Petrograd (former Russian, former Serbian, former Slovene), Petrohrad (former Czech), Piotrogród (former Polish), Pēterpils (former Latvian), Petrapilis (former Lithuanian), Sankti Pétursborg (Icelandic)
Leningrad (former English, German), Leningrado (former Italian), Lenjingrad (former Serbian) |
| St. Moritz | Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svatý Mořic (Czech), Sanktmorica (Latvian) |
| Starokonstantinov | Alt-Konstantin (German), Starokonstantinov / Староконстантинов (Russian), Old Constantine (former English), Starokostyantyniv (Ukrainian) |
| Sterzing-Vipiteno | Sterzing (German), Vipiteno (Italian), Stérzen or Sterzinga (former Italian) |
| Stockholm | Estocolm (Catalan), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Holmia (Latin), Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Stoccolma (Italian), Stockholm (Dutch, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Stócólm (Irish), Stokgol'm (Russian), Štokholm (Slovak), Stokholm (former Estonian, Serbian, Turkish), Stokhol'm (Ukrainian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Stokholmo (Esperanto), Stokkhólmi - Στοκχόλμη (Greek), Stokkhólm (Faroese), Stokkhólmur (Icelandic), Sztokholm (Polish), Tukholma (Finnish) |
| Stralsund | Stralsund (German, Swedish), Strzałowo or Strzałów (Polish) |
| Strasbourg | Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strasbourg (French, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Strasburg (Polish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strasburgo (Esperanto, Italian), Štrasburk (Czech), Strassburg (Finnish), Straßburg (German), Strazbur (Serbian), Strazburg (Turkish), Strastbūra (Latvian), Strasbūras (Lithuanian), Stroossbuerg (Luxembourgish), Strasvúrgo - Στρασβούργο (Greek) |
| Straubing | Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech) |
| Stuttgart | Estugarda (Portuguese), Štíhrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Stuttgart (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Stoutgárdhi - Στουτγάρδη (Greek), Štutgarte (Latvian), Štutgartas (Lithuanian) |
| Subotica | Mariatheresiopel (German), Subotica - Суботица (Serbian), Subotica (Finnish, Slovene, Polish, Romanian), Szabadka (Hungarian) |
| Suceava | Shots - שאָץ (Yiddish), Suceava (Romanian), Suczawa (Polish, German), Szucsava (Hungarian) |
| Swansea | Abertaŭo (Esperanto), Abertawe (Welsh), Swansea (Dutch, German, Slovene), Svonsi (Serbian) |
| Świnoujście | Swinemünde (German), Świnoujście (Polish) |
| Syracuse | Sarausa (Sicilian), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish), Siragüza (Arabic), Sirakuso (Esperanto), Siracuza (former Romanian), Sirakuza (Serbian), Siraküza (Turkish), Sirakuze (Slovene), Sirakūzai (Lithuanian), Sirakúses - Συρακούσες (Greek), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakus (German), Syrakusa (Finnish, Swedish), Syrakuse (Dutch), Syrakúzy (Slovak), |
| Szczebrzeszyn | Shebreshin שעברעשין (Yiddish), Szczebrzeszyn (Polish) |
| Szczecin | Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Turkish, former English), Szczecin (Polish, Romanian), Štětín (Czech), Štetín (Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Ščecina (Latvian), Šćećin (Serbian), Štetinas (Lithuanian), Ščecin - Шчэцін (Belarusian) , Στεττίνο (Greek) |
| Szczytno | Ortelsburg (German), Ortulfsburg (older German), Szczytno (Polish) |
| Szeged | Partiscum (Latin), Segedín (Czech, Serbian), Segedin (Turkish), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian), Szegedin or Segedin (German), Siget (Croatian) |
| Székesfehérvár | Alba Regia (Latin), Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak), İstolni Belgrad (Turkish) |
| Szentendre | Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svatý Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian) |
| Szombathely | Kamenec (Czech), Steinamanger (German), Szombathely (Hungarian, Slovene) |
T
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Tallinn | Rääveli (former Finnish), Rävel (former variant in Swedish), Reval (former English, German, Swedish and Danish), Revalia (Latin), Revel - Ревел (former Russian), Rewel (former Polish), Rēvele (former Latvian), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Talin (alternate Portuguese, Serbian, alternate Turkish), Tallin (Polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak; also a variant in Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, used mainly between 1944-1991), Tallinn (Estonian, Danish, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Swedish, Turkish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish; former Estonian), Ταλλίνη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Tampere | Tammerfors (Swedish), Tampere (Estonian, Finnish, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian), Tamperė (Lithuanian) |
| Taranto | Taranto (Italian, Romanian), Táras - Τάρας (ancient Greek), Tárantas - Τάραντας (modern Greek) Tarent (Czech, German, Polish, Romanian variant, Serbian), Tarente (French), Tarento (Spanish), Tarentum (Latin) Trentino (Finnish) |
| Târgu Mureş | Marosvásárhely (Hungarian), Neumarkt (am Mieresch) (German), Târgu Mureş (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Mureş (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Neamţ | Németvásár (Hungarian, Târgu Neamţ (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Neamţ (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Ocna | Aknavásár (Hungarian), Târgu Ocna (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Ocna (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Jiu | Zsilvásárhely (Hungarian), Târgu Jiu (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Jiu (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Tarnów | Tarne - טארנע (Yiddish), Tarnów (Polish) |
| Tarnowskie Góry | Tarnowitz (German), Tarnowskie Góry (Polish) |
| Tartu | Derpt - Дерпт (former Russian), Dorpat (former German, Polish and Swedish), Tartto (Finnish), Tartu (Estonian, German, Latvian, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918), Tharbata (Latin), Yur'yev - Юрьев (former Russian) |
| Taurage | Taurage (Lithuanian), Tauroggen (German), Taurogi (Polish) |
| Tbilisi | Tbilisi (Georgian, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Tbilisis (Lithuanian), Tbilissi (French), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Teflis - تفلیس (Persian), Tiflis (Armenian, Dutch, German, former name, former Romanian, Spanish, Turkish, old Finnish), Tiflīs (Arabic), Tyflída - Τυφλίδα (Greek), Tyflis (former Polish) |
| Tekirdağ | Byzanthe (an ancient Thracian town very near to the modern city), Rhaidestos (Greek), Rhaedestos, Raidestos, Rhaedestus, Visanthii (Greek variants), Rodosçuk (early Ottoman Turkish), Rodosto (Latin and various European languages), Rodostó (Hungarian), Tekfurdağı (late Ottoman Turkish), Tekirdağ (Turkish) |
| Tempio Pausania | Tempio Pausania (Italian), Tempiu (Corsican, Sardinian), Tempio (Spanish, Catalan, former Italian) |
| Terezín | Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German) |
| The Hague | L'Aia (Italian), Gaaga (Russian), De Haach (Frisian), Den Haag / 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Croatian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Den Haag / der Haag (German), Haaha (Ukrainian), Hag (Serbian), Hāga (Latvian), Haga (Polish, Romanian, Lithuanian), Hága (Hungarian), Haia (Portuguese), An Háig (Irish), La Haya (Spanish), La Haye (French), Ηáyi - Χάγη (Greek), Lāhāy (Arabic), Lahey (Turkish), D'n Haag (D'n Haog) (Limburgish) |
| Theodosia | Θεοδωσία- Theodhóssia (Greek)Kefe (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Feodosiya - Феодосія (Ukrainian), Feodosiya - Феодосия (Russian), Teodozja (Polish) |
| Thessaloniki | Salonic (Romanian), Salonica (alternative English name), Salónica (alternative Portuguese, alternative Spanish), Salonicco / Tessalonica (Italian), Salonikai (Lithuanian), Saloniki (German, Latvian, Polish, alternative Greek name), Săruna (Aromanian), Selanik (Turkish), Solun (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene), Soluň (Czech), Solún (Slovak), Sołuń (historical Polish name), Szaloniki/Tesszaloniki (Hungarian), Thessaloniki - Θεσσαλονίκη (Greek), Tesalonic (alternative Romanian name), Tesalónica (Spanish), Tessalónica (Portuguese), Tessalonika (Finnish), Thessalonique (French) Tessaloniki (Finnish) |
| Thionville | Diedenhofen (German), Diedenhoven (former Dutch), Diddenhuewen (Luxembourgish), Thionville (French) |
| Timişoara | Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeswar / Temeschburg / (Temeschwar) (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Timişoara (Romanian), Timiszoara (Polish), Temeşvar (Turkish) |
| Tipperary | Tiobraid Árann (Irish) |
| Tirana | Tiranë / Tirana (Albanian), Tirana (Finnish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish), Tirāna (Latvian), Tiran (Turkish), Τίρανα (Greek) |
| Tongeren | Tongeren (Dutch), Tongern (German), Tongres (French), Tongue (Walloon), Aduatuca (Latin) |
| Tornio | Duortnus (Northern Sami), Torneå (Swedish), Tornio (Estonian, Finnish) |
| Tórshavn | Thorshavn (Danish, Finnish, Romanian), Torshamn (Swedish), Þórshöfn (Icelandic) |
| Toruń | Torun (Romanian), Toruń (Polish), Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German), civitas Torunensis (Latin), Torń (Kashubian) |
| Toulon | Tolone (Italian), Toulon (French, Finnish, Romanian) Tulon (Polish, old Romanian), Tulona (Latvian) |
| Toulouse | Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tolosa (Italian, Latin, Occitan, former Spanish, Basque), Toulouse (French, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Tuluza (Polish), Tuluz (Serbian) , Tulūza (Latvian, Lithuanian), Tulúzi - Τουλούζη (Greek) |
| Tournai | Doornik (Dutch), Tournai (French, Romanian) |
| Trabzon | Trabzon (Romanian, Turkish), Trapezunt (German, Finnish, Polish, former Romanian), Trapezúnda - Τραπεζούντα (Greek), Trebisonda (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese), Trebizonda (former Romanian alternative to Trapezunt), Trébizonde (French), Trebizon (former variant in English) |
| Trakai | Troki - Трокі (Belarusian), Trakai (Lithuanian, Turkish), Trakay (alternative Turkish), Traķi (Latvian), Troki (Polish) |
| Trent | Trento (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Trient (German), Trident (Czech), Trente (French, Dutch), Trydent (Polish) |
| Trier | Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trèves (French), Treviri (Italian), Tréier (Luxembourgish), Trewir (Polish), Tréveris (Spanish, Portuguese), Trier (Dutch, German), Trive (Walloon) , Τρεβήροι (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Trieste | Tergeste (Latin), Terst (Czech), Triëst (Dutch), Triest (Dutch, Friulian, German, Polish, Romanian variant), Trieszt (Hungarian), Trieste (Finnish, Italian, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Triyeste (alternative Turkish), Trst (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Tergésti - Τεργέστη (Greek) |
| Trogir | Traù (Italian), Trogir (Croatian, Romanian, Serbian) |
| Tromsø | Tromssa (Finnish, Sami), Tromsö (Turkish) |
| Trondheim | Nidaros (Norwegian 997-15th century and again 1930), Trondhjem (Dano-Norwegian 15th century-1929), Trondheim (Dutch, Norwegian 1931-1939 and 1945-present, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Drontheim (1940-1945) (German name during WWII occupation), Þrándheimur (Icelandic), Tronheima (Latvian), Trondheimas (Lithuanian), Trondhjem (the citizens of Trondheim's pronunciation) |
| Tübingen | 圖賓根 (Chinese), Tubinga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tubingue (French), Tubinky / Tybinky (Czech), Tybinga (Polish), Tivíngi - Τυβίγγη (Greek) |
| Turin | Torí (Catalan), Torino (Finnish, Italian, Croatian, Greek, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Finnish, Turkish), Torinó (Hungarian), Turijn (Dutch), Turim (Portuguese), Turin (French, Friulian, German, Swedish), Turín (Czech, Slovak, Spanish), Turyn (Polish), Turīna (Latvian), Turinas (Lithuanian), Turien (Limburgish) , Τουρίνο (Greek) |
| Turku | Åbo (Swedish), Aboa / Aboia / Turcua (Latin), Turu (Estonian), Turku (Finnish, Latvian, Romanian, Turkish) |
| Tver | Kalinin (former name), Tver (Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Twer (Polish, German), Tvera (Latvian), Tverė (Lithuanian), Ćvier - Цьвер (Belarusian) |
| Tyszowce | Tishevits - טישעװיץ (Yiddish), Tyszowce (Polish) |
U
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Überlingen | Überlingen (German, Romanian), Jibrovice (Czech) |
| Udine | Udin (Friulian), Udine (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Romanian), Videm (Czech, Slovene), Udinė (Lithuanian), Weiden (old German) |
| Ulcinj | Dulcigno (Italian), Ulcinj (Croatian, Serbian), Ulqin (Albanian) |
| Ulm | Ulm (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Turkish), Ulma (Italian), Ulmas (Lithuanian) |
| Ulyanovsk | Simbirsk (former name), Ulianovsk (Romanian), Uljanovsk (Serbian, Slovene), Uljanowsk (German), Uljanovskas (Lithuanian) |
| Umag | Umago (Italian), Umag (Croatian, Finnish, Romanian) |
| Umeå | Umeå (Swedish), Uumaja (Finnish) |
| Uppsala | Ουψάλα (Greek), Upsal (French), Upsala (Finnish, Latvian, Romanian), Upsalia (Latin), Upsalo (Esperanto), Uppsala (Danish, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Swedish), |
| Utrecht | Traiectum (Latin), Utert (Frisian), Utrecht (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Finnish, Romanian), Utrechtas (Lithuanian), Utrehta (Latvian), Utreĥto (Esperanto), Utrek (Walloon), Utrech, Utrei (Limburgish), Utreque (Portuguese), Utréhti - Ουτρέχτη (Greek) |
| Uzhhorod | Ungvár (Hungarian), Ungvir, Ingver, Yngvyr - אונגװיר (Yiddish), Ungwar (German), Ujgorod (Romanian), Uschhorod (German), Uzhgorod - Ужгород (Russian), Uzhhorod - Ужгородъ (Ruthenian), Užhorod (Slovak), Uzhhorod - Ужгород (Ukrainian), Użgorod (Polish) |
V
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Vaasa | Vaasa (Estonian, Finnish), Vasa (Swedish), Waza (Polish), Nikolainkaupunki (alternative old Finnish name), Nikolaistad (alternative old Swedish name) |
| Valencia | València (Catalan/Valencian), Valence (French), Valencia (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish), Valência (Portuguese), Valencio or Valencujo (Esperanto), Walencja (Polish), Valensija (Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian), Valensiya (Turkish), Valentia (Latin) , Βαλεντία (Greek), Balansiyah (Arabic) |
| Valkenburg | Valkenburg (Dutch, German), Fauquemont (old French) |
| Valletta | il-Belt (colloquial Maltese), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), Fālītā (Arabic), Valéta- Βαλέτα (Greek), La Valeta (Portuguese, Spanish), La Valette (French), La Valetta (Romanian, Turkish), La Valletta (Italian, Polish, Slovak), Valeta (Latvian, Lithuanian), Valetta (alternative Turkish), Valletta (Finnish, Swedish) |
| Valmiera | Wolmar (German) |
| Vantaa | Vanda (Swedish), Vantaa (Finnish) |
| Vaslui | Vaslui (Romanian), Vaszló (Hungarian) |
| Vatican City | 梵蒂岡 (Chinese),Cité du Vatican (French), Città del Vaticano (Italian), Ciudad del Vaticano (Spanish), Status Civitatis Vaticanæ (Latin), Vaticaanstad (Dutch), Vatikanstaten (Norwegian), Vatikán, Vatikanstadt (German), Vatikán (Czech), Vatikánváros (Hungarian), Watykan (Polish), Vatikan (German, Turkish) Vatikaani (Finnish) |
| Venice | 威尼斯 (Chinese), Benátky (Czech, Slovak), Benetke (Slovene), al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Feneyjar (Icelandic), Fenis (Welsh), An Veinéis (Irish), Mleci (older Croatian), Velence (Hungarian), Venècia (Catalan), Venecia (Spanish), Venēcija (Latvian), Venecija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Veneco (Esperanto), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venedik (Turkish), Veneetsia (Estonian), Venetía - Βενετία (Greek), Ενετία(Greek - καθαρεύουσα) , Veneţia (Romanian), Venetië (Afrikaans, Dutch), Venetik (Armenian), Venetsia (Finnish), Veneza (Portuguese), Venezia (Italian), Venise (French), Venetsye - װענעציע (Yiddish), Wenecja (Polish), Venetië/ Venies (Limburgish), Vignesie (Friulian) |
| Ventimiglia | Vintimille (French) |
| Verdun | Verdun (Dutch, French, German, Romanian), Wirten (old German) |
| Verona | Verona (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Romanian), Vérone (French), Bern (old German), Werona (Polish), |
| Vienna | Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Bécs (Hungarian), Bech or Vidnya (Romani), Dunaj (Slovene), Fienna (Welsh), Vena (Russian), Vīne (Latvian), Vídeň (Czech, Ukrainian), Viedeň (Slovak), Viena (Belarusian, Catalan, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Vienna (Italian), Vienne (French), Viénni - Βιέννη (Greek), Vieno (Esperanto), Viin (Estonian), Vin - װין (Yiddish), Vín (Irish, Icelandic), Vina - וינה (Hebrew), Vindobona (Latin), Viyana (Turkish), 維也納 (Chinese), Wene (Afrikaans), Wenen (Dutch), Wiedeń (Polish), Wien (Finnish, German, Swedish), Wīn - ウィーン (Japanese) |
| Vileyka | Vilejka - Вілейка (Belarusian), Vilejka - Вилейка (Russian), Wilejka (Polish, German) |
| Viljandi | Fellin (former German), Felloin (former French), Viljandi (Estonian, Finnish, German, Swedish), Vīlande (Latvian) |
| Villach | Bělák (Czech), Beljak (Slovene), Bilachium (Latin), Villach (German), Villaco (Italian) |
| Vilnius | Filniyūs (Arabic), Vėlnios (Samogitian), Vilna (Italian, Spanish, Slovene, Finnish, Norwegian, old Romanian variant), Vilne - װילנע (Yiddish), Vilnius (French, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Viļņa (Latvian), Vilna (English until 1945, Finnish) Vilnia - Вільня (Belarusian), Vil'njus (Вильнюс Russian, Ukrainian), Vilnjus (Serbian), Vilno (Czech, Russian obsolete (Вильно)), Wilnioes (Dutch alternative), Wilna (Dutch, German), Wilno (Polish) |
| Vynohradiv | Nagyszőlős (Hungarian), Vinohradiv - Віноградів (Ukrainian) |
| Visé | Visé (French), Vizé (Walloon), Wezet (Dutch) |
| Vitoria | Gasteiz (Basque), Vitoria (Dutch, German, Romanian, Spanish), Vitória (Portuguese), Vitorija (Lithuanian) |
| Vitsyebsk | Viciebsk/Vitsyebsk - Віцебск (Belarusian), Vitebsk (Dutch alternate, Romanian), Vitebsk - Витебск (Russian), Vitebsk - װיטעבסק (French, Yiddish), Vitebska (Latvian), Vitebskas (Lithuanian), Witebsk (Dutch alternate, German, Polish) |
| Vladikavkaz | Ordzhonikidze (former name 1932-1944 and 1954-1990), Dzaudzhikau (former name 1944-1954), Uladzikaŭkaz - Уладзікаўказ (Belarusian), Vladikaukāza (Latvian), Vladikaukazas (Lithuanian), Władykaukaz (Polish) |
| Vlorë | Aulon (Latin), Aulonas - Αυλώνας (Greek), Avlonya (Turkish), Avlona (Italian alternate), Flora (Croatian), Vlorë / Vlora (Albanian), Valona (English alternate, German, Italian, Serbian) |
| Vodnjan | Vodnjan (Croatian), Dignano (Italian) |
| Volodymyr-Volynsky | Volodymyr-Volynsky / Volodymyr-Volynskyi / Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi - Володимир-Волинський (Ukrainian), Włodzimierz Wołyński (Polish) |
| Volgograd | Stalingrad (former name 1925-1961), Tsaritsyn (former name), Wołgograd (Polish), Carycyn (former Polish), Volgograd (Romanian, Slovene, Turkish), Volgogrado (Portuguese, Spanish), Wolgograd (German), Estalinegrado (former Portuguese), Estalingrado (former Spanish), Stalingrado (former Italian), Volgograda (Latvian), Volgogradas (Lithuanian) |
| Vyborg | Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Dutch, Romanian, Swedish), Vīborga (Latvian), Wiburg (German), Wyborg (Polish) |
W
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Wangen | Vanky (Czech), Wangen (German) |
| Waremme | Borgworm (Dutch), Waremme (French), Warème / Wareme (Walloon) |
| Warsaw | 華沙 (Chinese), Vársá (Irish), Varšava (Latvian), Varšava - Варшава (Belarusian, Czech, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian), Varsavia (Italian), Varshava (Armenian), Varshe - װאַרשע (Yiddish), Varsjá (Icelandic), Varsó (Hungarian), Varsova (Finnish), Varşova (Turkish), Varsovia (Latin, Spanish), Varsovía - Βαρσοβία (Greek), Varsóvia (Portuguese), Varşovia (Romanian), Varsovie (French), Varsovio (Esperanto), Varssavi (Estonian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Warsawa (Bahasa Indonesia), Warschau (Dutch, German), Wārsū (Arabic), Warszawa (Danish, Polish, Swedish), Warushawa - ワルシャワ (Japanese) |
| Waterford | Port Láirge (Irish) Vaterfjord (Old Norse) |
| Wavre | Waver (Dutch), Auve / Wåve (Walloon), Wavre (French) |
| Weimar | Výmar or Vejmar (Czech), Weimar (Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, German, Romanian), Veimāra (Latvian), Veimaras (Lithuanian) , Βαϊμάρη (Greek) |
| Wejherowo | Wejherowo (Polish), Wejherowska Wola (former name), Neustadt in Westpreußen/Neustadt bei Danzig (German), |
| Wexford | Loch Garman (Irish) |
| Wicklow | Cill Mhantáin (Irish) |
| Winchester | Caerwynt (Welsh) |
| Wolgast | Wolgast (Dutch, German), Wołogoszcz (Polish) |
| Worcester | Caerwrangon (Welsh) |
| Worms | Vermayze װערמײַזע (Yiddish), Wormacja (Polish), Wormazia (former Italian), Vormsa (Latvian), Worms (Dutch, German, Romanian) , Βορματία (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Wrocław | Wrocław (Polish, Swedish), Boroszló (Hungarian), Breslau (former Danish, former Dutch, German, former Norwegian, former Romanian, former Swedish), Braslavia (old Romanian), Breslavia (Italian), Vratislav (Czech), Vratislavia / Wratislavia / Wracislavia (Latin), Vratislav / Vroclav (Slovak, Serbian), Vroclava (Latvian), Vroclavas (Lithuanian), Wroclaw (Finnish, Romanian, Slovene), Urocłaŭ - Уроцлаў (Belarusian) |
| Würzburg | Wörzborg (Low Saxon), Würzburg (Dutch, German, Romanian), Wurzbourg (French), Wurzburgo (Spanish) |
Y
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Yalta | Yalta (Crimean Tatar, Turkish, English), Yalta - Ялта (Russian, Ukrainian), Ialta (Portuguese, Romanian), Jalta (Finnish, Latvian, Swedish), Jałta (Polish, Lithuanian) |
| York | 約克 (Chinese),Caerefrog / Efrog (Welsh), Eabhrac (Irish), Eboracum (Latin), Efrawg (Breton, Cornish), Iorc (Scots Gaelic), Iorque (Portuguese), Jorvik (ancient Scandinavian), Jórvík (Icelandic), Jork (Polish), Jorko (Esperanto), Jorka (Latvian), Jorkas (Lithuanian) , Υόρκη (Greek) , Εβόρακον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα) |
| Ypres | Ieper (Dutch), Ieperen (Dutch dialect variant), Ypres (French, Finnish, Romanian), Ypern (German), Ipro (Esperanto) |
Z
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Zabrze | Hindenburg (German 1915-1945), Zabrze (Polish) |
| Zadar | Zara (Italian, Portuguese), Zára (Hungarian), Zadar (Croatian, Romanian), Zadara (Latvian), Zadaras (Lithuanian) |
| Zagreb | Agram (former German and Russian), Zágráb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagreb (Asturian, Bahasa Indonesia, Croatian, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Zagreba (Latvian), Zagrebas (Lithuanian), Zagrebo (Esperanto), Zagrep (Turkish), Zaġrib - زغرب (Arabic), Zagrzeb (Polish), Záhřeb (Czech), Záhreb (Slovak), Zahreb (Ukrainian), Загреб (Serbian), Άγρανον (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), জাগরেব (Bengali) |
| Zeebrugge | Seebrügge (German), Zeebruges (French) |
| Železnice | Eisenstadtl / Eisenstadtel (German). Železnice (Czech) |
| Zhytomyr | Jitomir (Romanian), Zhitomir - Житомир (Russian), Zhitomir - זשיטאָמיר (Yiddish), Zhytomyr Житомир (Ukrainian), Żytomierz (Polish), Žytomir - Жытомір (Belarusian) |
| Zielona Góra | Grünberg (German), Mons Viridis (Latin), Zielona Góra (Polish) |
| Zittau | Žitava (Czech), Zittau (Dutch, German), Żytawa (Polish) |
| Zlín | Gottwaldov (former name) |
| Znamensk | Vėluva (Lithuanian), Wehlau (German), Welawa (Polish), Znamensk (Russian) |
| Znojmo | Znaim (German), Znojmo (Polish, Czech, Slovak) |
| Zolochiv | Złoczew or Złoczów (Polish), Zlotshev - זלאָטשעװ (Yiddish), Zolochev (Russian), Золочів/Zolochiv (Ukrainian) |
| Zug | Zoug (French alternate), Zug (Dutch, German, Romansh), Zugo (Italian) |
| Zurich | 蘇黎世 (Chinese), Chūrih(h)i - チューリ(ッ)ヒ (Japanese), Cirih - Цирих (Serbian), Cīrihe (Latvian), Ciūrichas (Lithuanian), Ciurych - Цюрых (Belarusian), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Curiĥo (Esperanto), Curych (Czech), Turitg (Romansh), Zurich (French), Zürich (Estonian, German, Finnish, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Zúrich (Spanish), Zurigo (Italian), Zürih (Turkish), Zūrīk (Arabic), Zurique (Portuguese), Zurych (Polish), Zyríkhi - Ζυρίχη (Greek) |
| Zwickau | Cvikov (Czech), Zwickau (Dutch, German) |
See also
- Exonym and endonym
- List of European exonyms
- Names of Asian cities in different languages
- List of cities in the Americas with alternative names
- List of countries and capitals in native languages
- List of alternative country names
- List of country names in various languages
- List of Latin place names in Europe
- List of European regions with alternative names
- List of European rivers with alternative names
- List of traditional Greek place names
- List of cities in Switzerland
- List of towns in Slovakia
- List of cities in Serbia and Montenegro
- List of cities in Albania
- Place names in Irish
- List of places
References
External link