Glass Ceiling
Glass Escalator
In addition to the glass ceiling, which already is stopping women from climbing higher in success in the workplace, a parallel phenomenon is called the "glass escalator" and can be defined as how more men are joining fields that were previously occupied mainly by women, such as nursing and teaching, and within these job fields, the men are riding right past women and going straight to the top, similairily to if they were on an escalator and a woman was taking stairs. Men are being offered more promotions than women and even though women have worked just as hard, they are still not being offered the same chances as men are in some circumstances [1] . The chart from Carolyn K. Broner, Ph.D. shows an example of the glass escalator in favor of men for female-dominant occupations in schools [2]. While women have mostly occupied the position of teachers, men are taking the higher positions in school systems as deans or principals.
According to this scholarly article [3] "men encounter powerful social pressures that direct them away from entering female-dominated occupations (Jacobs 1989, 1993)." Since female-dominated occupations are usually characterized with more feminine activities, men who enter these jobs can be perceived socially as "effeminate, homosexual, or sexual predators" [3]. Research on the career paths of men who have occupations in female-dominated fields, such as nursing or teaching, come to a conclusion that men benefit financially from their gender status. This can be extended to say that men are able to abuse their gender advantages in such contexts, often "reaping the benefits of their token status to reach higher levels in female-dominated work" [4] Not only are males taking power from women in more female oriented jobs, but they are rising to the top more steadily than females.
Gender Pay Gap
The gender pay gap refers to the difference in pay between male and females. Although people argue that the gender pay gap is not relevant anymore, statistics show that it will take at least 70 years from now for the gap close. The United States ranks 65th in pay equality, and women are in the majority of most poverty stricken in America [5].
References
- ^ "A New Obstacle For Professional Women: The Glass Escalator". Forbes. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
- ^ "MEN, WOMEN, & THE GLASS ESCALATOR". Women on Business. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
- ^ a b "Shibboleth Authentication Request" (PDF). socpro.oxfordjournals.org.libezp.lib.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
- ^ "Shibboleth Authentication Request". web.a.ebscohost.com.libezp.lib.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
- ^ "Shibboleth Authentication Request". web.b.ebscohost.com.libezp.lib.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
Bibliography
- Cholensky, Stephanie. "The Gender Pay Gap: NO MORE EXCUSES!." Judgment & Decision Making 10.2 (2015): 15-16. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
- Snyder, Karrie Ann, and Adam Isaiah Green. "Revisiting The Glass Escalator: The Case Of Gender Segregation In A Female Dominated Occupation." Social Problems 55.2 (2008): 271-299. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
- Woodhams, Carol, Ben Lupton, and Marc Cowling. "The Presence Of Ethnic Minority And Disabled Men In Feminised Work: Intersectionality, Vertical Segregation And The Glass Escalator." Sex Roles 72.7/8 (2015): 277-293. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
Glass Ceiling
Glass Escalator
In addition to the glass ceiling, which already is stopping women from climbing higher in success in the workplace, a parallel phenomenon is called the "glass escalator" and can be defined as how more men are joining fields that were previously occupied mainly by women, such as nursing and teaching, and within these job fields, the men are riding right past women and going straight to the top, similairily to if they were on an escalator and a woman was taking stairs. Men are being offered more promotions than women and even though women have worked just as hard, they are still not being offered the same chances as men are in some circumstances [1] . The chart from Carolyn K. Broner, Ph.D. shows an example of the glass escalator in favor of men for female-dominant occupations in schools [2]. While women have mostly occupied the position of teachers, men are taking the higher positions in school systems as deans or principals.
According to this scholarly article [3] "men encounter powerful social pressures that direct them away from entering female-dominated occupations (Jacobs 1989, 1993)." Since female-dominated occupations are usually characterized with more feminine activities, men who enter these jobs can be perceived socially as "effeminate, homosexual, or sexual predators" [3]. Research on the career paths of men who have occupations in female-dominated fields, such as nursing or teaching, come to a conclusion that men benefit financially from their gender status. This can be extended to say that men are able to abuse their gender advantages in such contexts, often "reaping the benefits of their token status to reach higher levels in female-dominated work" [4] Not only are males taking power from women in more female oriented jobs, but they are rising to the top more steadily than females.
Gender Pay Gap
The gender pay gap refers to the difference in pay between male and females. Although people argue that the gender pay gap is not relevant anymore, statistics show that it will take at least 70 years from now for the gap close. The United States ranks 65th in pay equality, and women are in the majority of most poverty stricken in America [5].
References
- ^ "A New Obstacle For Professional Women: The Glass Escalator". Forbes. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
- ^ "MEN, WOMEN, & THE GLASS ESCALATOR". Women on Business. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
- ^ a b "Shibboleth Authentication Request" (PDF). socpro.oxfordjournals.org.libezp.lib.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
- ^ "Shibboleth Authentication Request". web.a.ebscohost.com.libezp.lib.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
- ^ "Shibboleth Authentication Request". web.b.ebscohost.com.libezp.lib.lsu.edu. Retrieved 2015-10-23.
Bibliography
- Cholensky, Stephanie. "The Gender Pay Gap: NO MORE EXCUSES!." Judgment & Decision Making 10.2 (2015): 15-16. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
- Snyder, Karrie Ann, and Adam Isaiah Green. "Revisiting The Glass Escalator: The Case Of Gender Segregation In A Female Dominated Occupation." Social Problems 55.2 (2008): 271-299. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
- Woodhams, Carol, Ben Lupton, and Marc Cowling. "The Presence Of Ethnic Minority And Disabled Men In Feminised Work: Intersectionality, Vertical Segregation And The Glass Escalator." Sex Roles 72.7/8 (2015): 277-293. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.