Numerous fossil plants and insects have been recovered from the formation and described. [1] The Latah Formation includes the Clarkia fossil beds lagerstätte in Idaho, which are currently understood to be Early Barstovian in age. [2] One unnamed Sciuridae fossil was described in 2018, and fish belonging to the salmonid, cyprinid, and centrarchid groups are known.
The initial taxonomic work on the flora was undertaken by Frank Knowlton with assistance from diatom specialist Albert Mann and bryologist Elizabeth Britton. [3] Their combined work was published as a supplemental chapter to the initial 1926 descriptive work by Joseph Pardee and Kirk Bryan. After Knowltons death in November 1926, his revision of the Latah flora was taken over by Edward W. Berry who also erroneously included strata of the much older Klondike Mountain Formation around Republic, Washington. [4] This error was noted and corrected in later works by Roland W. Brown. [5] Ralph W. Cheney and Daniel I. Axelrod broke the Latah into four major florules, Grand Coulee and Spokane in Washington plus Coeur d'Alene and Whitebird in Idaho, while noting several "miscellaneous" sites as well. [6]
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A possible polytrichaceous moss |
||||||
incertae sedis | † Hypnites |
|
A moss of uncertain affiliation. |
|
|||
( Britton) Miller |
|
A moss of uncertain affiliation |
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowlton |
|
A possible
lycopod clubmoss |
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berry |
|
||||||
Brown |
|
||||||
(Dorf) Graham |
|
A Pteridium fern species |
|||||
(Berry) Brown |
|
A
royal fern species |
|
||||
Berry |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Unger) Heer |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cupressaceae |
Ashlee |
|
A juniper species |
||||
|
A dawn redwood species. |
||||||
(Sternberg) Heer |
|
A bald-cypress. |
|||||
(Knowlton) Kvaček & Manchester |
A Tetraclinis species. |
||||||
(Oliver) Chaney & Axelrod |
|
||||||
Pinaceae |
(Berry) Brown |
A Keteleeria species. |
|||||
Pinus |
Chaney & Axelrod 1959 |
|
A pine |
||||
Cockerell |
A pine |
|
|||||
†" Tsuga latahensis" |
Berry |
|
First described as a
hemlock conescale.
[17] |
||||
(Knowlton) Cheney & Axelrod |
|
A yew |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unidentified [18]. |
|
A
Nymphaea species leaf |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Araceae |
Knowlton |
|
An
Arisaema species. |
||||
Berry |
|
First described as a
skunk cabbage.
[17] |
|||||
Smilacaceae | Smilax |
Chaney |
A green briar species |
|
|||
Ashlee |
|
A green briar species |
|||||
Cockerell |
A cattail species |
|
|||||
Unidentified | Unidentified |
Unidentified |
|
A
poaceous like leaf. |
|||
Unidentified |
|
Possibly a
poalean plant |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lauraceae | Machilus |
Brown |
|
A Machilus species |
|||
Brown |
|
A Machilus species |
|||||
(Berry) Brown |
|||||||
(Knowlton & Cockerell) LaMotte |
|
|
|||||
Magnoliaceae |
Berry |
|
|||||
Magnolia |
Cockerell |
||||||
(Berry) Brown |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ashlee |
|
First described as a Ceratophyllum |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Newberry) Arnold |
An oregon grape species. |
||||||
Platanaceae | Platanus |
Lesquereux |
A Platanus subg. Platanus sycamore leaf species. [22] |
||||
Huegele, Spielbauer, & Manchester |
|
A Platanus subg. Platanus sycamore fruit species. |
|
||||
Manchester, Pigg, & DeVore |
|
A Trochodendron fruit species. |
|||||
? Trochodendraceae |
(Hollick) Manchester, Crane, & Dilcher |
A stem-group
trochodendralean fruit species. |
|
||||
(Heer) Manchester, Crane, & Dilcher |
A stem-group
trochodendralean leaf species. |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cornaceae | Cornus |
Berry |
|
A dogwood species. |
|||
Chaney and Axelrod |
|
A dogwood species. |
|||||
(Lesquereux) Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A persimmon species |
|||||
Ericaceae |
Berry |
|
A
manzanita species |
||||
Brown |
|
A Gaultheria species |
|||||
Smith & Manchester |
|
A vaccinioid fruit. |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A Kalmia species |
|||||
Berry |
|
A Rhododendron species |
|||||
Vaccinium |
Berry |
|
A
Vaccinium species |
||||
Knowlton |
|
First named as a
huckleberry leaf species |
|||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
A Vaccinium species |
||||||
Hydrangeaceae |
(Berry) Chaney & Axelrod |
A hydrangea species |
|||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
|
A mock-orange species |
|||||
(Berry) Brown |
A stickleaf species |
||||||
Nyssaceae | Nyssa |
Berry |
A tuplo species of the N. sylvatica complex. [27] |
||||
(Knowlton) Berry |
|
A tuplo species of the N. javanica complex. [27] |
|||||
Brown |
|
A silverbell fruit species |
|||||
Brown |
A ash species. |
|
|||||
(Knowlton) Berry |
A Gordonia species. |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adoxaceae | Viburnum |
Berry |
|
A Viburnum seed morphospecies. |
|||
Berry |
|
A Viburnum species. |
|||||
LaMotte |
|
A Viburnum species. |
|
||||
Berry |
|
||||||
MacGinitie |
|
A holly species. |
|||||
|
A
Porana species |
||||||
Chaney & Axelrod |
|
An ash species. |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowlton |
A sweet gum species. |
||||||
(Chaney) Brown |
An Exbucklandia species |
|
|||||
Vitaceae | Vitis |
Berry |
A grape species. |
||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
A grape species. |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Betulaceae | Alnus |
An alder. |
|||||
(Knowlton) Wolfe [31] |
A birch |
||||||
Jennings |
|
An alder |
|||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
|
An alder |
|
||||
Betula |
Knowlton |
|
A birch |
||||
Brown |
|
A birch |
|||||
Chaney |
|
||||||
Brown |
|
A wintercreeper species |
|||||
Fabaceae |
(Knowlton) Herendeen & Dilcher |
|
A
Caesalpinia fruit |
||||
Unnamed |
Brown |
Leaves first placed as
Cercis spokanensis |
|||||
Berry |
|
A fabaceous fruit species |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A fabaceous fruit species |
|||||
Knowlton |
A
Sophora species. |
||||||
Fagaceae |
(Knowlton) Chaney & Axelrod |
A Chestnut species |
|||||
Castanopsis |
(Knowlton) Brown |
|
A Chestnut species |
||||
(Brown) Chaney & Axelrod [6] |
|
A chinquapin species |
|||||
Fagus |
Chaney |
||||||
LaMotte |
A Beech species |
||||||
Smiley & Huggins |
|
A fagaceous genus |
|||||
Quercus |
Brown |
|
An oak. |
||||
Chaney |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Chaney |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Smith |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Berry |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Knowlton |
An oak. |
||||||
Lesquereux |
An oak. |
||||||
Knowlton |
An oak species |
||||||
Quercus sp. |
Isolated
acorn nuts |
||||||
Quercus sp. |
|
Isolated
acorn cupules |
|||||
Juglandaceae |
(Lesquereux) Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A hickory species |
||||
(Brown) Manchester |
|
A Palaeocarya species |
|||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
|
A wingnut species |
|||||
(Berry) Graham |
|
A Hiraea species. |
|||||
Myricaceae |
Berry |
|
|||||
LaMotte |
|
A Myrica species. |
|||||
Rhamnaceae |
Berry |
|
A
Paliurus species |
||||
Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A buckthorn species |
|||||
Rosaceae |
(Berry) Brown |
A service berry species |
|||||
Berry |
|
A
mountain mahogany species |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A hawthorn species |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A bramble species |
|||||
Salicaceae | Populus |
Knowlton |
|
A cottonwood species |
|||
Knowlton |
A cottonwood species |
||||||
Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A cottonwood species |
|||||
Unnamed [4] |
Berry |
|
Unnamed cottonwood species flower bracts |
||||
Salix |
(Knowlton) Condit |
A willow species |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A willow species |
|||||
Berry |
|
A willow species |
|||||
(Berry) Brown |
|
A willow species |
|
||||
Unnamed [4] |
Berry |
|
Unnamed willow species stipules |
||||
Ulmaceae |
(Lesquereux) Manchester |
|
An ulmaceous species. |
||||
Ulmus |
Knowlton |
|
Elm species fruits. |
||||
Chaney & Elias |
An Elm species |
||||||
Newberry |
An Elm species |
||||||
Tanai & Wolfe |
|
An Elm species |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowlton |
|
A water caltrop species |
|||||
Malvaceae |
(Lesquereux) MacGinitie |
|
A malvalean flower. |
||||
(Newberry) LaMotte |
A linden species |
||||||
(Berry) Brown |
A Cedrela. |
synonymy |
|||||
Berry |
A Ptelea species |
||||||
Sapindaceae | Acer |
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Chelebaeva |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
(Ashlee) Wolfe & Tanai |
An Acer species |
||||||
Brown |
|
A Dilodendron species |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incertae sedis | † Carpites |
Knowlton |
|
Seeds or nutlets of uncertain affinity |
|||
Knowlton |
|
A fruit/seed on a "fleshy" axis |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
Possible seeds or fruits |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
A seed or other reproductive organ |
|||||
† Ozakia |
Manchester & Uemura |
|
A winged fruit |
Order | Family | Genus | Species | Year named | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blattodea |
Snyder, 1949 |
|
|||||
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
drywood termite |
||||
(Snyder, 1931) |
|
A
Stylotermitid
termite |
|||||
Coleoptera |
Unidentified |
Unidentified [12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
Two partial adults |
||
Carabidae |
Cockerell, 1925 |
|
|||||
Wickham, 1931 |
|
||||||
Wickham, 1931 |
|
A predaceous diving beetle |
|||||
Unidentified |
Unidentified [12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
Two partial adults |
|||
Unidentified |
Unidentified [12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
A single whole adult. |
|||
Diptera |
(Lewis) Evenhuis, 1994 |
|
A
wood gnat |
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
A bee fly |
|||||
Bibionidae | Bibio |
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Indeterminate |
1969 |
|
An unidentified march fly |
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
A
bolitophilid gnat |
|||||
Mycetophilidae |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified mycetophiline and mycetophilid fugus gnats |
|||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Hemiptera |
Lewis, 1969 |
|
|||||
(Lewis) Polhemus, 1985 |
|
A
shore bug |
|||||
|
|||||||
Hymenoptera |
|
A Bumblebee |
|||||
Formicidae |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified carpenter ants |
|||
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified Dolichoderus species ants |
||||
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified Lasius species ants |
||||
Messor ? |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified possible Messor species ants |
|||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate |
1931 |
|
Unidentified ants |
|||
Ichneumonidae |
Lewis, 1969 |
|
|||||
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
|||||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified cryptine ichneumonid wasps |
|||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified [pimpline ichneumonid wasps |
|||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified megachiline carpenter bees |
|||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Odonata |
Kennedy, 1931 |
|
|||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
A
macromiid skimmer |
|||||
indeterminate |
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate |
1990 |
|
Unidentified dragonflies |
||
Undescribed |
Undescribed [12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
Partial katydid specimens |
|||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Trichoptera | Limnephilidae |
Indeterminate |
1990 |
|
An unidentified northern caddisfly |
||
† Miopsyche |
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Indeterminate [12] |
1990 |
|
An unidentified northern caddisfly |
||||
Phryganeidae |
|
A phryganeid giant caddisfly larval case indusigenus |
|||||
Phryganea |
|
||||||
Indeterminate |
1990 |
|
An unidentified giant caddisfly |
Family | Genus | Species | Florule | Year named | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Smith & Miller, 1985 |
A sun fish |
||||
Unnamed [54] |
|
Possibly 2 species of western chub |
||||
Unnamed [54] |
|
An unnamed salmonid |
||||
Unidentified |
Unidentified |
Unidentified [4] |
Isolated scales and vertebrae |
Family | Genus | Species | Florule | Year named | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
incertae sedis |
incertae sedis |
Clarkia |
"2018" |
The first tetrapod from Clarkia |
An initial survey of Latah Formation diatoms was conduced by Albert Mann at the behest of Frank Hall Knowlton. Based on sample material recovered from a well 0.25 mi (0.40 km) west of Mica, Washington, itself southeast of Spokane, Mann identified a large number of diatomaceous species, including 10 new species. Mann noted the diatoms appear to have lived under stressed conditions caused by caustic water, with many of the specimens showing malformed shapes or blurred ornamentations. The typical cause of this in diatoms is a high concentration of dissolved mineral salts in the water body. [56]
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphipleuraceae |
Grunow |
|
An amphipleuraceous diatom |
||||
(Ehrenberg) De Toni |
|
An amphipleuraceous diatom |
|||||
Aulacoseiraceae | Aulacoseira |
(Ehrenberg) Simonsen |
|
A aulacoseiraceous diatom |
|||
(Ehrenberg) Simonsen |
|
A aulacoseiraceous diatom |
|||||
(Grunow ex A.Schmidt) D.G.Mann & A.J.Stickle |
|
A cavinulaceous diatom |
|||||
Rattray |
|
A coscinodiscaceous diatom |
|||||
Cymbellaceae | Cymbella |
A.W.F.Schmidt |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||
Näegeli |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Kützing |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Eunotiaceae |
Grunow |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
||||
Grunow |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
Eunotia |
Grunow |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
(Kuetzing) Rabenhorst |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
Ralfs |
|
A
eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
Fragilariaceae | Fragilaria |
(A.Cleve) Hustedt |
|
A
fragilariaceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A
fragilariaceous diatom |
|||||
Gomphonemataceae | Gomphonema |
Ehrenberg |
|
A gomphonemataceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A gomphonemataceous diatom |
|||||
(Kützing) Kützing |
|
A gomphonemataceous diatom |
|||||
Melosiraceae | Melosira |
(Ehrenberg) Schmidt |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||||
Brun |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Kützing |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||||
Naviculaceae |
(W.Smith) Hendey |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
||||
Navicula |
F.W. Mills |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
||||
Grunow |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Grunow ex A.Schmidt |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Grunow |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
A.Schmidt |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Pantocsek |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Grunow |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Donkin |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Kützing |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Schumann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Ralfs |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Kützing |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
A.Schmidt |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Nitzsch) Kutzing |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Neidiaceae | Neidium |
(Ehrenberg) Cleve |
|
A neidiaceous diatom |
|||
(Mann) VanLandingham |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Cleve |
|
A neidiaceous diatom |
|||||
Pinnulariaceae | Pinnularia |
Ehrenberg |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||
W.Gregory |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
(Kützing) Rabenhorst |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) W.Smith |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
Hantzsch |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
W.Gregory |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
Stauroneidaceae | Stauroneis |
Mann |
|
A stauroneidaceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A stauroneidaceous diatom |
|||||
(Nitzsch) Ehrenberg |
|
A stauroneidaceous diatom |
|||||
Surirellaceae | Surirella |
Ehrenberg |
|
A surirellaceous diatom |
|||
A.W.F.Schmidt |
|
A surirellaceous diatom |
|||||
Turpin |
|
A surirellaceous diatom |
|||||
Tabellariaceae | Tabellaria |
(Lyngbye) Kützing |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
|||
(Roth) Kützing |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
|||||
Tetracyclus |
(Ehrenberg) Grunow |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
||||
Ralfs |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
|||||
incertae sedis | Diatoma |
W. Smith |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||
Grunow |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||||
Bory de Saint-Vincent |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||||
(Kützing) Braun in Rabenhorst |
|
A bacillariophyceopus diatom of uncertain affiliation |
|||||
Himantidium |
Ehrenberg |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||||
Kützing |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
Knowlton1929
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).Columbia1959"
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).Brown1934
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).Numerous fossil plants and insects have been recovered from the formation and described. [1] The Latah Formation includes the Clarkia fossil beds lagerstätte in Idaho, which are currently understood to be Early Barstovian in age. [2] One unnamed Sciuridae fossil was described in 2018, and fish belonging to the salmonid, cyprinid, and centrarchid groups are known.
The initial taxonomic work on the flora was undertaken by Frank Knowlton with assistance from diatom specialist Albert Mann and bryologist Elizabeth Britton. [3] Their combined work was published as a supplemental chapter to the initial 1926 descriptive work by Joseph Pardee and Kirk Bryan. After Knowltons death in November 1926, his revision of the Latah flora was taken over by Edward W. Berry who also erroneously included strata of the much older Klondike Mountain Formation around Republic, Washington. [4] This error was noted and corrected in later works by Roland W. Brown. [5] Ralph W. Cheney and Daniel I. Axelrod broke the Latah into four major florules, Grand Coulee and Spokane in Washington plus Coeur d'Alene and Whitebird in Idaho, while noting several "miscellaneous" sites as well. [6]
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A possible polytrichaceous moss |
||||||
incertae sedis | † Hypnites |
|
A moss of uncertain affiliation. |
|
|||
( Britton) Miller |
|
A moss of uncertain affiliation |
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowlton |
|
A possible
lycopod clubmoss |
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berry |
|
||||||
Brown |
|
||||||
(Dorf) Graham |
|
A Pteridium fern species |
|||||
(Berry) Brown |
|
A
royal fern species |
|
||||
Berry |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Unger) Heer |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cupressaceae |
Ashlee |
|
A juniper species |
||||
|
A dawn redwood species. |
||||||
(Sternberg) Heer |
|
A bald-cypress. |
|||||
(Knowlton) Kvaček & Manchester |
A Tetraclinis species. |
||||||
(Oliver) Chaney & Axelrod |
|
||||||
Pinaceae |
(Berry) Brown |
A Keteleeria species. |
|||||
Pinus |
Chaney & Axelrod 1959 |
|
A pine |
||||
Cockerell |
A pine |
|
|||||
†" Tsuga latahensis" |
Berry |
|
First described as a
hemlock conescale.
[17] |
||||
(Knowlton) Cheney & Axelrod |
|
A yew |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unidentified [18]. |
|
A
Nymphaea species leaf |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Araceae |
Knowlton |
|
An
Arisaema species. |
||||
Berry |
|
First described as a
skunk cabbage.
[17] |
|||||
Smilacaceae | Smilax |
Chaney |
A green briar species |
|
|||
Ashlee |
|
A green briar species |
|||||
Cockerell |
A cattail species |
|
|||||
Unidentified | Unidentified |
Unidentified |
|
A
poaceous like leaf. |
|||
Unidentified |
|
Possibly a
poalean plant |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lauraceae | Machilus |
Brown |
|
A Machilus species |
|||
Brown |
|
A Machilus species |
|||||
(Berry) Brown |
|||||||
(Knowlton & Cockerell) LaMotte |
|
|
|||||
Magnoliaceae |
Berry |
|
|||||
Magnolia |
Cockerell |
||||||
(Berry) Brown |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ashlee |
|
First described as a Ceratophyllum |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Newberry) Arnold |
An oregon grape species. |
||||||
Platanaceae | Platanus |
Lesquereux |
A Platanus subg. Platanus sycamore leaf species. [22] |
||||
Huegele, Spielbauer, & Manchester |
|
A Platanus subg. Platanus sycamore fruit species. |
|
||||
Manchester, Pigg, & DeVore |
|
A Trochodendron fruit species. |
|||||
? Trochodendraceae |
(Hollick) Manchester, Crane, & Dilcher |
A stem-group
trochodendralean fruit species. |
|
||||
(Heer) Manchester, Crane, & Dilcher |
A stem-group
trochodendralean leaf species. |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cornaceae | Cornus |
Berry |
|
A dogwood species. |
|||
Chaney and Axelrod |
|
A dogwood species. |
|||||
(Lesquereux) Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A persimmon species |
|||||
Ericaceae |
Berry |
|
A
manzanita species |
||||
Brown |
|
A Gaultheria species |
|||||
Smith & Manchester |
|
A vaccinioid fruit. |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A Kalmia species |
|||||
Berry |
|
A Rhododendron species |
|||||
Vaccinium |
Berry |
|
A
Vaccinium species |
||||
Knowlton |
|
First named as a
huckleberry leaf species |
|||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
A Vaccinium species |
||||||
Hydrangeaceae |
(Berry) Chaney & Axelrod |
A hydrangea species |
|||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
|
A mock-orange species |
|||||
(Berry) Brown |
A stickleaf species |
||||||
Nyssaceae | Nyssa |
Berry |
A tuplo species of the N. sylvatica complex. [27] |
||||
(Knowlton) Berry |
|
A tuplo species of the N. javanica complex. [27] |
|||||
Brown |
|
A silverbell fruit species |
|||||
Brown |
A ash species. |
|
|||||
(Knowlton) Berry |
A Gordonia species. |
|
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adoxaceae | Viburnum |
Berry |
|
A Viburnum seed morphospecies. |
|||
Berry |
|
A Viburnum species. |
|||||
LaMotte |
|
A Viburnum species. |
|
||||
Berry |
|
||||||
MacGinitie |
|
A holly species. |
|||||
|
A
Porana species |
||||||
Chaney & Axelrod |
|
An ash species. |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowlton |
A sweet gum species. |
||||||
(Chaney) Brown |
An Exbucklandia species |
|
|||||
Vitaceae | Vitis |
Berry |
A grape species. |
||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
A grape species. |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Betulaceae | Alnus |
An alder. |
|||||
(Knowlton) Wolfe [31] |
A birch |
||||||
Jennings |
|
An alder |
|||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
|
An alder |
|
||||
Betula |
Knowlton |
|
A birch |
||||
Brown |
|
A birch |
|||||
Chaney |
|
||||||
Brown |
|
A wintercreeper species |
|||||
Fabaceae |
(Knowlton) Herendeen & Dilcher |
|
A
Caesalpinia fruit |
||||
Unnamed |
Brown |
Leaves first placed as
Cercis spokanensis |
|||||
Berry |
|
A fabaceous fruit species |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A fabaceous fruit species |
|||||
Knowlton |
A
Sophora species. |
||||||
Fagaceae |
(Knowlton) Chaney & Axelrod |
A Chestnut species |
|||||
Castanopsis |
(Knowlton) Brown |
|
A Chestnut species |
||||
(Brown) Chaney & Axelrod [6] |
|
A chinquapin species |
|||||
Fagus |
Chaney |
||||||
LaMotte |
A Beech species |
||||||
Smiley & Huggins |
|
A fagaceous genus |
|||||
Quercus |
Brown |
|
An oak. |
||||
Chaney |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Chaney |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Smith |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Berry |
|
An oak. |
|||||
Knowlton |
An oak. |
||||||
Lesquereux |
An oak. |
||||||
Knowlton |
An oak species |
||||||
Quercus sp. |
Isolated
acorn nuts |
||||||
Quercus sp. |
|
Isolated
acorn cupules |
|||||
Juglandaceae |
(Lesquereux) Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A hickory species |
||||
(Brown) Manchester |
|
A Palaeocarya species |
|||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
|
A wingnut species |
|||||
(Berry) Graham |
|
A Hiraea species. |
|||||
Myricaceae |
Berry |
|
|||||
LaMotte |
|
A Myrica species. |
|||||
Rhamnaceae |
Berry |
|
A
Paliurus species |
||||
Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A buckthorn species |
|||||
Rosaceae |
(Berry) Brown |
A service berry species |
|||||
Berry |
|
A
mountain mahogany species |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A hawthorn species |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A bramble species |
|||||
Salicaceae | Populus |
Knowlton |
|
A cottonwood species |
|||
Knowlton |
A cottonwood species |
||||||
Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A cottonwood species |
|||||
Unnamed [4] |
Berry |
|
Unnamed cottonwood species flower bracts |
||||
Salix |
(Knowlton) Condit |
A willow species |
|||||
Ashlee |
|
A willow species |
|||||
Berry |
|
A willow species |
|||||
(Berry) Brown |
|
A willow species |
|
||||
Unnamed [4] |
Berry |
|
Unnamed willow species stipules |
||||
Ulmaceae |
(Lesquereux) Manchester |
|
An ulmaceous species. |
||||
Ulmus |
Knowlton |
|
Elm species fruits. |
||||
Chaney & Elias |
An Elm species |
||||||
Newberry |
An Elm species |
||||||
Tanai & Wolfe |
|
An Elm species |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowlton |
|
A water caltrop species |
|||||
Malvaceae |
(Lesquereux) MacGinitie |
|
A malvalean flower. |
||||
(Newberry) LaMotte |
A linden species |
||||||
(Berry) Brown |
A Cedrela. |
synonymy |
|||||
Berry |
A Ptelea species |
||||||
Sapindaceae | Acer |
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Chelebaeva |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
(Ashlee) Wolfe & Tanai |
An Acer species |
||||||
Brown |
|
A Dilodendron species |
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incertae sedis | † Carpites |
Knowlton |
|
Seeds or nutlets of uncertain affinity |
|||
Knowlton |
|
A fruit/seed on a "fleshy" axis |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
Possible seeds or fruits |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
A seed or other reproductive organ |
|||||
† Ozakia |
Manchester & Uemura |
|
A winged fruit |
Order | Family | Genus | Species | Year named | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blattodea |
Snyder, 1949 |
|
|||||
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
drywood termite |
||||
(Snyder, 1931) |
|
A
Stylotermitid
termite |
|||||
Coleoptera |
Unidentified |
Unidentified [12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
Two partial adults |
||
Carabidae |
Cockerell, 1925 |
|
|||||
Wickham, 1931 |
|
||||||
Wickham, 1931 |
|
A predaceous diving beetle |
|||||
Unidentified |
Unidentified [12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
Two partial adults |
|||
Unidentified |
Unidentified [12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
A single whole adult. |
|||
Diptera |
(Lewis) Evenhuis, 1994 |
|
A
wood gnat |
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
A bee fly |
|||||
Bibionidae | Bibio |
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Indeterminate |
1969 |
|
An unidentified march fly |
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
A
bolitophilid gnat |
|||||
Mycetophilidae |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified mycetophiline and mycetophilid fugus gnats |
|||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Hemiptera |
Lewis, 1969 |
|
|||||
(Lewis) Polhemus, 1985 |
|
A
shore bug |
|||||
|
|||||||
Hymenoptera |
|
A Bumblebee |
|||||
Formicidae |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified carpenter ants |
|||
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified Dolichoderus species ants |
||||
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified Lasius species ants |
||||
Messor ? |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified possible Messor species ants |
|||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate |
1931 |
|
Unidentified ants |
|||
Ichneumonidae |
Lewis, 1969 |
|
|||||
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
|||||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified cryptine ichneumonid wasps |
|||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified [pimpline ichneumonid wasps |
|||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate [46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified megachiline carpenter bees |
|||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Odonata |
Kennedy, 1931 |
|
|||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
A
macromiid skimmer |
|||||
indeterminate |
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate |
1990 |
|
Unidentified dragonflies |
||
Undescribed |
Undescribed [12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
Partial katydid specimens |
|||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Trichoptera | Limnephilidae |
Indeterminate |
1990 |
|
An unidentified northern caddisfly |
||
† Miopsyche |
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Indeterminate [12] |
1990 |
|
An unidentified northern caddisfly |
||||
Phryganeidae |
|
A phryganeid giant caddisfly larval case indusigenus |
|||||
Phryganea |
|
||||||
Indeterminate |
1990 |
|
An unidentified giant caddisfly |
Family | Genus | Species | Florule | Year named | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Smith & Miller, 1985 |
A sun fish |
||||
Unnamed [54] |
|
Possibly 2 species of western chub |
||||
Unnamed [54] |
|
An unnamed salmonid |
||||
Unidentified |
Unidentified |
Unidentified [4] |
Isolated scales and vertebrae |
Family | Genus | Species | Florule | Year named | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
incertae sedis |
incertae sedis |
Clarkia |
"2018" |
The first tetrapod from Clarkia |
An initial survey of Latah Formation diatoms was conduced by Albert Mann at the behest of Frank Hall Knowlton. Based on sample material recovered from a well 0.25 mi (0.40 km) west of Mica, Washington, itself southeast of Spokane, Mann identified a large number of diatomaceous species, including 10 new species. Mann noted the diatoms appear to have lived under stressed conditions caused by caustic water, with many of the specimens showing malformed shapes or blurred ornamentations. The typical cause of this in diatoms is a high concentration of dissolved mineral salts in the water body. [56]
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphipleuraceae |
Grunow |
|
An amphipleuraceous diatom |
||||
(Ehrenberg) De Toni |
|
An amphipleuraceous diatom |
|||||
Aulacoseiraceae | Aulacoseira |
(Ehrenberg) Simonsen |
|
A aulacoseiraceous diatom |
|||
(Ehrenberg) Simonsen |
|
A aulacoseiraceous diatom |
|||||
(Grunow ex A.Schmidt) D.G.Mann & A.J.Stickle |
|
A cavinulaceous diatom |
|||||
Rattray |
|
A coscinodiscaceous diatom |
|||||
Cymbellaceae | Cymbella |
A.W.F.Schmidt |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||
Näegeli |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Kützing |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Eunotiaceae |
Grunow |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
||||
Grunow |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
Eunotia |
Grunow |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
(Kuetzing) Rabenhorst |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
Ralfs |
|
A
eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
Fragilariaceae | Fragilaria |
(A.Cleve) Hustedt |
|
A
fragilariaceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A
fragilariaceous diatom |
|||||
Gomphonemataceae | Gomphonema |
Ehrenberg |
|
A gomphonemataceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A gomphonemataceous diatom |
|||||
(Kützing) Kützing |
|
A gomphonemataceous diatom |
|||||
Melosiraceae | Melosira |
(Ehrenberg) Schmidt |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||||
Brun |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Kützing |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||||
Naviculaceae |
(W.Smith) Hendey |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
||||
Navicula |
F.W. Mills |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
||||
Grunow |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Grunow ex A.Schmidt |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Grunow |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
A.Schmidt |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Pantocsek |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Grunow |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Donkin |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Kützing |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Schumann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Ralfs |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Kützing |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
A.Schmidt |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Nitzsch) Kutzing |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Neidiaceae | Neidium |
(Ehrenberg) Cleve |
|
A neidiaceous diatom |
|||
(Mann) VanLandingham |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Cleve |
|
A neidiaceous diatom |
|||||
Pinnulariaceae | Pinnularia |
Ehrenberg |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||
W.Gregory |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
(Kützing) Rabenhorst |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) W.Smith |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
Hantzsch |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
W.Gregory |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
Stauroneidaceae | Stauroneis |
Mann |
|
A stauroneidaceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A stauroneidaceous diatom |
|||||
(Nitzsch) Ehrenberg |
|
A stauroneidaceous diatom |
|||||
Surirellaceae | Surirella |
Ehrenberg |
|
A surirellaceous diatom |
|||
A.W.F.Schmidt |
|
A surirellaceous diatom |
|||||
Turpin |
|
A surirellaceous diatom |
|||||
Tabellariaceae | Tabellaria |
(Lyngbye) Kützing |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
|||
(Roth) Kützing |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
|||||
Tetracyclus |
(Ehrenberg) Grunow |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
||||
Ralfs |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
|||||
incertae sedis | Diatoma |
W. Smith |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||
Grunow |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||||
Bory de Saint-Vincent |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||||
(Kützing) Braun in Rabenhorst |
|
A bacillariophyceopus diatom of uncertain affiliation |
|||||
Himantidium |
Ehrenberg |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||||
Kützing |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
Knowlton1929
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).Columbia1959"
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).Brown1934
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).