South Asia Timetable | |||||||||
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Timeline and cultural period |
Westcoast | Northwestern Sub-continent ( West Punjab- Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) |
Indo-Gangetic Plain | Central India Deccan Plateau |
Southern India | ||||
Western Gangetic Plain ( Kurukshetra) |
Northern India (Central Gangetic Plain) |
Northeastern India ( Bengal) | |||||||
South Asian Stone Age (until c. 3300 BCE) | South Asian Stone Age (until c. 1100 BCE) | ||||||||
Culture | Paleolithicum (until c. 10,000 BCE) | ||||||||
70,000 - 10,000 BCE | Sanghao Caves |
Bhimbetka rock shelters (30,000-15,000 BCE) |
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Culture | Mesolithicum (c. 10,000-7,000 BCE) | Mesolithicum (c. 10,000-3,000 BCE) | |||||||
c. 10,000-7,000 BCE | |||||||||
Culture | Neolithicum (c. 7000-3300 BCE) | Mesolithicum (c. 10,000-3000 BCE) | |||||||
c. 7,000-3,300 BCE | Mehrgarh | ||||||||
BRONZE AGE (c. 3300-1100 BCE) | NEOLITHIC (c. 3000-1400 BCE) | ||||||||
Culture | Early Harappan | ||||||||
3300-2600 BCE | Early Harappan | ||||||||
Culture | Integration Era | ||||||||
2600-1900 BCE | Indus Valley Civilization | Indus Valley Civilization | Indus Valley Civilization | ||||||
Culture |
Localisation Era/Late Harappan OCP/ Cemetery H |
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1900-1500 BCE | Earliest known rice cultivation [a] | ||||||||
Culture |
Localisation Era/Late Harappan OCP/ Cemetery H Early Vedic period Gandhara grave culture |
Megalithic (c. 1400-1100 BCE) | |||||||
1500-1300 BCE | Indo-Aryan migration | ||||||||
1300-1100 BCE | Wandering Vedic Aryans | ||||||||
IRON AGE (c. 1100-300 BCE) | |||||||||
Culture | Middle Vedic Period | ||||||||
Gandhara grave culture | Black and red ware culture | ||||||||
1100-800 BCE | Vedic settlements Gandhara |
Vedic settlements Kuru |
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Culture | Late Vedic Period | ||||||||
Gandhara grave culture | (Brahmin ideology)
[b] early Upanishads Painted Grey Ware culture |
(Kshatriya/Shramanic culture)
[c] Northern Black Polished Ware | |||||||
800-600 BCE | Gandhara | Kuru- Pancala | Kosala- Videha | ||||||
Culture | Late
Vedic Period Mahajanapada |
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Gandhara grave culture | (Brahmin ideology)
[d] early Upanishads Painted Grey Ware culture |
(Kshatriya/Shramanic culture)
[e] Northern Black Polished Ware | |||||||
6th century BCE | Gandhara | Kuru- Panchala |
Kosala Magadha Anga |
Adivasi (tribes) | |||||
Culture | Persian-Greek influences | " Second Urbanisation" | |||||||
Later Upanishads |
Rise of Shramana movements Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga Later Upanishads |
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5th century BCE | ( Persian rule) | Shishunaga dynasty | Adivasi (tribes) | ||||||
4th century BCE | ( Greek conquests) | ||||||||
HISTORICAL AGE (after 300 BCE) | |||||||||
Culture | Spread of Buddhism | Pre-history |
Sangam period (300 BCE – 200 CE) | ||||||
3rd century BCE | Maurya Empire |
Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Satavahana dynasty Cheras | |||||||
Culture | Preclassical Hinduism
[f] - "Hindu Synthesis"
[g] (c. 200 BCE-300 CE)
[h]
[i] Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition Mahayana Buddhism |
Sangam period (continued) (300 BCE – 200 CE) | |||||||
2nd century BCE | Indo-Greek Kingdom | Sunga Empire | Adivasi (tribes) |
Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Satavahana dynasty Cheras | |||||
1st century BCE | Yona | Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty | |||||||
1st century CE |
Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthians |
Kuninda Kingdom | |||||||
2nd century | Pahlava | Varman dynasty | |||||||
3rd century | Kushan Empire | Western Satraps | Kamarupa kingdom | Kalabhras dynasty | |||||
Culture | "Golden Age of Hinduism"(c. 320-650 CE)
[j] Puranas Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism | ||||||||
4th century | Gupta Empire |
Kadamba Dynasty Western Ganga Dynasty | |||||||
5th century | Vishnukundina | ||||||||
6th century | Maitraka | Adivasi (tribes) | |||||||
Culture | Late-Classical Hinduism (c. 650-1100 CE)
[k] Advaita Vedanta - Tantra Decline of Buddhism in India | ||||||||
7th century | Maitraka | Indo-Sassanids | Vakataka dynasty, Harsha | Mlechchha dynasty | Adivasi (tribes) | Pallava | |||
8th century | Kidarite Kingdom | Kalachuri | |||||||
9th century | Indo-Hephthalites (Huna) | Gurjara-Pratihara | Chalukya | ||||||
10th century |
Pala dynasty Kamboja-Pala dynasty |
Rashtrakuta | |||||||
Culture | Islamic rule and "Sects of Hinduism" (c. 1100-1850 CE) [l] - Medieval and Late Puranic Period (500–1500 CE) [m] | ||||||||
11th century | Western Chalukyas | (
Islamic conquests) Kabul Shahi ( Islamic Empire) |
Rajputs |
Pala Empire Paramara dynasty Solanki Eastern Ganga dynasty |
Sena dynasty | Adivasi (tribes) |
Chola Empire Yadava dynasty Western Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Kakatiya dynasty Hoysala Empire | ||
12th century | Western Chalukyas | Rajputs |
Paramara dynasty Solanki Eastern Ganga dynasty |
Chola Empire Yadava dynasty Western Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Kakatiya dynasty Hoysala Empire | |||||
13th century | Delhi Sultanate | Chola Empire | |||||||
14th century | Delhi Sultanate | Vijayanagara Empire | |||||||
15th century | Delhi Sultanate | ||||||||
16th century | Mughal Empire | ||||||||
17th century | Mughal Empire | Maratha Empire | |||||||
Culture | Maratha Empire and British Colonisation - Company rule in India' | ||||||||
18th century | Maratha Empire | Maratha Empire | British | Maratha Empire/ British | |||||
Culture | British Colonisation - British Raj | ||||||||
19th century | Sikh Empire | ||||||||
Culture | British Raj - Independence struggle - Pakistan - India - Bangladesh' | ||||||||
20th century | |||||||||
21st century | |||||||||
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