Copied from Pre-workout
In 1982, Dan Duchaine formulated the first pre-workout, called Ultimate Orange, in Venice, California. Ultimate Orange was commonly used among bodybuilders. [1]
Between the late 1990s and early 2000s, consumers alleged that an active ingredient in Ultimate Orange, called Ephedra, caused high blood pressure, strokes, seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, and heart attacks. [2]
The risk of using Ephedra gave rise to creatine. [3] Creatine is a supplement that was used by a lot of athletes in the 1992 Olympics where it gained most of its popularity from. [4]
Creatine was considered a form of pre-workout in the late 1990's until the early 2000's where it was then later used with a mixture of other supplements. [2] Creatine was negatively received when it was first introduced to the public until the last decade where it is now one of the most used supplements. [5]
In the early 2000s, supplement companies created more potent forms of pre-workout that caused the blood flow in muscles to increase temporarily, giving lifters a better “pump." [2] These more potent supplements are called Arginine AKG, Arginine Malate, and Citrulline. [2]
In 2005, chemist
Patrick Arnold formulated a pre-workout which contained a new ingredient called DMAA (
dimethylamylamine).
[6] The product Jack3d gained notoriety for its potency, but its high concentrations of DMAA were suspected of causing shortness of breath, chest pain, and an elevated risk of heart attacks.
[2] Jack3d was banned in 2012 by the FDA.
[2]
An increase in muscle endurance is primarily attributed to the large amounts of caffeine in pre-workout supplements. [24] [25] [26] The ingested caffeine acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, which serves to reduce overall pain experienced by the consumer and allowing them to work for longer periods of time. [25] Pre-workout also increases the amount of carbohydrates in the body which are used to increase energy in the body. [27]
Pre-workout has shown to decrease the time it takes for muscles to recover from intense exercise, allowing athletes to reduce time between training sessions. The improvement in muscle recovery is associated with the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) found in pre-workout, [28] particularly, glutamine. [29]
Pre-workout has shown to make athletes feel more energetic during exercise, but the higher energy levels are based on subjective judgement and there is little quantitative proof of an increase in energy. [30]Caffeine's role in enhancing the improvement in perceived energy is observed through the large amounts of caffeine typically found in pre-workout supplements. [31] Caffeine also increases calcium release which allows for stronger muscle contractions during high intensity workouts. [32]
Studies also show that the caffeine in pre-workout improves focus and alertness in athletes as observed through a decrease in reaction-time in different settings. [33] [30]
Various adverse effects may occur according to the pre-workout product and dose of supplement consumed. [34] Some potential side effects of taking pre-workout could include nausea and skin irritation. [35] Other adverse effects have been shown to arise when the product contains ingredients such as synephrine and caffeine. synephrine is often used as a weight loss supplement and commonly found in pre-workout. Synephrine has been found to cause heart problems and other cardiovascular issues. [36] Caffeine is also a common ingredient found in pre-workout which may cause an increase in blood pressure. Another issue that may arise is a higher risk in cardiac and liver related diseases due to the high concentration of caffeine in these types of products. [37]
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Copied from Pre-workout
In 1982, Dan Duchaine formulated the first pre-workout, called Ultimate Orange, in Venice, California. Ultimate Orange was commonly used among bodybuilders. [1]
Between the late 1990s and early 2000s, consumers alleged that an active ingredient in Ultimate Orange, called Ephedra, caused high blood pressure, strokes, seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, and heart attacks. [2]
The risk of using Ephedra gave rise to creatine. [3] Creatine is a supplement that was used by a lot of athletes in the 1992 Olympics where it gained most of its popularity from. [4]
Creatine was considered a form of pre-workout in the late 1990's until the early 2000's where it was then later used with a mixture of other supplements. [2] Creatine was negatively received when it was first introduced to the public until the last decade where it is now one of the most used supplements. [5]
In the early 2000s, supplement companies created more potent forms of pre-workout that caused the blood flow in muscles to increase temporarily, giving lifters a better “pump." [2] These more potent supplements are called Arginine AKG, Arginine Malate, and Citrulline. [2]
In 2005, chemist
Patrick Arnold formulated a pre-workout which contained a new ingredient called DMAA (
dimethylamylamine).
[6] The product Jack3d gained notoriety for its potency, but its high concentrations of DMAA were suspected of causing shortness of breath, chest pain, and an elevated risk of heart attacks.
[2] Jack3d was banned in 2012 by the FDA.
[2]
An increase in muscle endurance is primarily attributed to the large amounts of caffeine in pre-workout supplements. [24] [25] [26] The ingested caffeine acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, which serves to reduce overall pain experienced by the consumer and allowing them to work for longer periods of time. [25] Pre-workout also increases the amount of carbohydrates in the body which are used to increase energy in the body. [27]
Pre-workout has shown to decrease the time it takes for muscles to recover from intense exercise, allowing athletes to reduce time between training sessions. The improvement in muscle recovery is associated with the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) found in pre-workout, [28] particularly, glutamine. [29]
Pre-workout has shown to make athletes feel more energetic during exercise, but the higher energy levels are based on subjective judgement and there is little quantitative proof of an increase in energy. [30]Caffeine's role in enhancing the improvement in perceived energy is observed through the large amounts of caffeine typically found in pre-workout supplements. [31] Caffeine also increases calcium release which allows for stronger muscle contractions during high intensity workouts. [32]
Studies also show that the caffeine in pre-workout improves focus and alertness in athletes as observed through a decrease in reaction-time in different settings. [33] [30]
Various adverse effects may occur according to the pre-workout product and dose of supplement consumed. [34] Some potential side effects of taking pre-workout could include nausea and skin irritation. [35] Other adverse effects have been shown to arise when the product contains ingredients such as synephrine and caffeine. synephrine is often used as a weight loss supplement and commonly found in pre-workout. Synephrine has been found to cause heart problems and other cardiovascular issues. [36] Caffeine is also a common ingredient found in pre-workout which may cause an increase in blood pressure. Another issue that may arise is a higher risk in cardiac and liver related diseases due to the high concentration of caffeine in these types of products. [37]
![]() | This is the sandbox page where you will draft your initial Wikipedia contribution.
If you're starting a new article, you can develop it here until it's ready to go live. If you're working on improvements to an existing article, copy only one section at a time of the article to this sandbox to work on, and be sure to use an edit summary linking to the article you copied from. Do not copy over the entire article. You can find additional instructions here. Remember to save your work regularly using the "Publish page" button. (It just means 'save'; it will still be in the sandbox.) You can add bold formatting to your additions to differentiate them from existing content. |
{{
cite journal}}
: Check date values in: |date=
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help)
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: PMC format (
link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
{{
cite news}}
: Check date values in: |access-date=
(
help); line feed character in |title=
at position 64 (
help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link) CS1 maint: url-status (
link)