USER:GOLDIEM J SANDBOX

Umar
عُمَر
Umar; عُمَر
Amir al-Mu'minin;
	Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
2nd caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate
Reign	23 August 634 – c. 6 November 644; (10 years, 73 days)
Predecessor	Abu Bakr
Successor	Uthman
Born	c. 582 or 583 CE; Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
Died	c. 6 November 644 CE (c. 26 Dhu al-Hijjah 23 AH) (aged 60–61); Medina, Hejaz, Arabia
Burial	Prophet's Mosque, Medina
Spouse	Zaynab bint Maz'un; Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal; Qurayba bint Abi Umayya; Jamila bint Thabit; Atiqa bint Zayd; Umm Hakim bint Harith; Umm Kulthum bint Ali;
Issue; (among others)	Hafsa; Abdullah; Ubaydullah; Asim; Zayd;
Tribe	Quraysh ( Banu Adi)
Father	Al-Khattab ibn Nufayl
Mother	Hantamah bint Hisham
Religion	Islam
Signature
	Arabic name
Personal (Ism)	ʿUmar
Patronymic (Nasab)	ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ibn Nufayl ibn ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā ibn Rāz ibn ʿAdiyy ibn Kaʿab ibn Luʿayy ibn Ghālib ibn Fihr ibn Mālik
Teknonymic (Kunya)	Abul Hafs
Epithet (Laqab)	Al-Fārūq ("the distinguisher (between right and wrong)")

Names
	Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa; عَبْد ٱللَّٰه بْن أَبِي قُحَافَة

Abu Bakr
أبو بكر
Abu Bakr; أبو بكر
Khalifat Rasul Allah;
	Calligraphic seal featuring Abu Bakr's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia
1st Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate
Reign	8 June 632 – 23 August 634
Predecessor	Position established; ( Muhammad as Islamic Prophet)
Successor	Umar
Born	c. 573; Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
Died	23 August 634 (aged 60) (22 Jumada al-Thani 13 AH); Medina, Hejaz, Rashidun Caliphate
Burial	Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Medina
Spouse	Qutayla bint Abd al-Uzza; Umm Ruman; Asma bint Umais; Habibah bint Kharijah;
Issue	Asma; Abd al-Rahman; Abd Allah; Aisha; Muhammad; Umm Kulthum;
Names
Names
	Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa; عَبْد ٱللَّٰه بْن أَبِي قُحَافَة
Father	Abu Quhafa
Mother	Umm al-Khayr
Brothers	Mu'taq; Utaiq; Quhafah;
Sisters	Fadra; Qareeba; Umm Amir;
Tribe	Quraysh ( Banu Taym)
Religion	Islam
Occupation	Businessman, public administrator, economist

Rashidun

Abu Bakr

Umar

Uthman

Uthman عُثْمَان
Amir al-Mu'minin Khalifat Allah
Calligraphic seal featuring Uthman's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia
3rd caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate
Reign	6 November 644 – 17 June 656
Predecessor	Umar ibn al-Khattab
Successor	Ali ibn Abi Talib

Born	c. 579 (46 BH) Hejaz, Arabia
Died	17 June 656 (aged 83) (12^[3]^[4]/18 Dhu al-Hijjah 35 AH)^[5]^[6] Medina, Hejaz, Rashidun Caliphate
Burial	Jannat al-Baqi, Medina
Spouse	Ruqayya bint Muhammad Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad Fakhita bint Ghazwan Asma bint Abi Jahl Umm al-Banin Mulayka bint Uyayna Fatima bint al-Walid Bint Khalid ibn Asid Umm 'Amr Umm Najm bint Jundab Ramla bint Shayba Bunana Na'ila bint al-Furafisa
Issue (among others)	Amr Aban Sa'id Abd Allah
Tribe	Quraysh ( Banu Umayya)
Father	Affan ibn Abi al-As
Mother	Arwa bint Kurayz
Religion	Islam

Ali

Ali
عَلِيّ

Amir al-Mu'minin^[c]^[7]
Abu Turab^[d]^[7]

Calligraphic pan bearing Ali's name at the Hagia Sophia

4th Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate

Reign

656–661^[7]

Predecessor

Uthman ibn Affan

Successor

Abolished position
Hasan ibn Ali (as caliph)

1st Shia Imam

Tenure

632–661

Predecessor

Established position

Successor

Hasan ibn Ali

Born

c. 600 CE
Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia (present-day KSA)

Died

c. 28 January 661
( c. 21 Ramadan AH 40)
(aged c. 60)
Kufa, Rashidun Caliphate (present-day Iraq)

Burial

Imam Ali Shrine, Najaf
31°59′46″N 44°18′51″E / 31.996111°N 44.314167°E

Spouse

Fatima bint Muhammad
Umama bint Abi al-As
Fatima bint Huzam
Asma bint Umais
Khawla al-Hanafiyya
Layla bint Mas'ud
Al-Sahba bint Rabi'a
Umm Sa'id bint Urwa
Muhayya bint Imru al-Qays

Issue

Names
Amir al-Mu'minin^[e]^[7] Bâb-e Madînat-ul-Ilm^[f]^[7] Al-Murtada^[g]^[7] Mawla al-Muttaqin^[h]^[7] Haydar^[i]^[7] Asadullah^[j]^[7]

Tribe

Quraysh ( Banu Hashim)

Father

Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Mother

Fatimah bint Asad

Religion

Islam

Signature

Arabic name

Personal (Ism)

Ali

Patronymic (Nasab)

Ali ibn Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ibn Kilab

Teknonymic (Kunya)

Abu al-Hasan^[k]^[7]

Epithet (Laqab)

Abu Turab^[l]^[7]

Officeholder

Iraq infobox

GOLDIEM J/sandbox
Establishment history

• Independence declared	3 October 1932
• Republic declared	14 July 1958
• Current constitution	15 October 2005

^ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. Mir'at ul-Oqool. Vol. 21. p. 199.
^ Al-Tusi, Nasir Al-Din. Al-Mabsoot. Vol. 4. p. 272.
^ Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah vol. 13, pg 388, no. 38727, status of naration: Sahih.
^ Muhammad, Muhammad Hamid (7 May 2018). سيرة ومناقب عثمان بن عفان. Dar al-Taqwa. ISBN 9789776603585. استشهد في أوسط أيام التشريق (12 ذي الحجة) لصحة نقله عن أبي عثمان النهدي، المعاصر للحادثة. وما سواه من أقوال لم يصح إسناد شيء منها، وكل ما جاء به من أسانيد فهي ضعيفة، وبعض منها صدر ممن لم يعاصر الحادثة. [He was martyred in the middle of the days of Tashreeq, because it was reported by Abu Uthman Al-Nahdi, a contemporary of the incident. As for other sayings, none of them are authentic, and all the chain of narrators that scholars brought are weak, and some of them were issued by those who did not contemporary with the incident.]^{[
permanent dead link]}
^ [R. Stephen Humphreys (transl.), The History of al-Tabari: Volume XV. The Crisis of the Early Caliphate, (New York: State University of New York Press, 1990), pp. 250–251.]
^ Wilferd Madelung, The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 135.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Nasr & Afsaruddin 2022.
^ Öz 1989, pp. 392–393.

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Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[3] Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. Mir'at ul-Oqool. Vol. 21. p. 199.

[4] Al-Tusi, Nasir Al-Din. Al-Mabsoot. Vol. 4. p. 272.

[5] Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah vol. 13, pg 388, no. 38727, status of naration: Sahih.

[6] Muhammad, Muhammad Hamid (7 May 2018). سيرة ومناقب عثمان بن عفان. Dar al-Taqwa. ISBN 9789776603585. استشهد في أوسط أيام التشريق (12 ذي الحجة) لصحة نقله عن أبي عثمان النهدي، المعاصر للحادثة. وما سواه من أقوال لم يصح إسناد شيء منها، وكل ما جاء به من أسانيد فهي ضعيفة، وبعض منها صدر ممن لم يعاصر الحادثة. [He was martyred in the middle of the days of Tashreeq, because it was reported by Abu Uthman Al-Nahdi, a contemporary of the incident. As for other sayings, none of them are authentic, and all the chain of narrators that scholars brought are weak, and some of them were issued by those who did not contemporary with the incident.]^{[
permanent dead link]}

[7] [R. Stephen Humphreys (transl.), The History of al-Tabari: Volume XV. The Crisis of the Early Caliphate, (New York: State University of New York Press, 1990), pp. 250–251.]

[8] Wilferd Madelung, The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 135.

[FOOTNOTENasrAfsaruddin2022-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Nasr & Afsaruddin 2022.

[FOOTNOTEÖz1989392–393-12] Öz 1989, pp. 392–393.

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Rashidun

Abu Bakr

Umar

Uthman

Ali

Officeholder

Iraq infobox

.

Rashidun

Abu Bakr

Umar

Uthman

Ali

Officeholder

Iraq infobox

.

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Umar عُمَر
Amir al-Mu'minin
Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
2nd caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate
Reign	23 August 634 – c. 6 November 644 (10 years, 73 days)
Predecessor	Abu Bakr
Successor	Uthman

Born	c. 582 or 583 CE Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
Died	c. 6 November 644 CE (c. 26 Dhu al-Hijjah 23 AH) (aged 60–61) Medina, Hejaz, Arabia
Burial	Prophet's Mosque, Medina
Spouse	Zaynab bint Maz'un Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal Qurayba bint Abi Umayya Jamila bint Thabit Atiqa bint Zayd Umm Hakim bint Harith Umm Kulthum bint Ali^[1]^[2]
Issue (among others)	Hafsa Abdullah Ubaydullah Asim Zayd
Tribe	Quraysh ( Banu Adi)
Father	Al-Khattab ibn Nufayl
Mother	Hantamah bint Hisham
Religion	Islam
Signature
Arabic name
Personal (Ism)	ʿUmar
Patronymic (Nasab)	ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ibn Nufayl ibn ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā ibn Rāz ibn ʿAdiyy ibn Kaʿab ibn Luʿayy ibn Ghālib ibn Fihr ibn Mālik
Teknonymic (Kunya)	Abul Hafs
Epithet (Laqab)	Al-Fārūq ("the distinguisher (between right and wrong)")