,
Song poetry ( Traditional Chinese: 宋詩; Simplified Chinese: 宋诗; pinyin: Sòng shī or Song4 shi1; Wade-Giles: Sung shi) refers to poetry written in or around the time of and in the characteristic style of China's Song dynasty, (between 960 and 1279 [1]) and/or follows a certain style of the time period. Popular forms of poetry during this period were Ci poetry, Shi poetry, and Fu (poetry).
Although Tang Dynasty is viewed as the Golden Age for Chinese poetry, there were still significantly renowned poets of the Song era. And much like in the Tang dynasty, poetry was an important part of social life and theoratically available to everyone during the Song dynasty. Famous poets of the period include Li Qingzhao [2], Su Shi [3], Mei Yaochen [4], Lu You, Li Houzhu [5], etc. [6], all became famous even in their lifetimes
Domination of Ci
ci (poetry) is the form of Chinese poetry most associated with the Song dynasty. Although it found its roots during the Liang Dynasty ( 502– 557 AD), the ci form of Chinese poetry found its greatest acceptance and popularity during Song, and was used by most Song poets. And eventhough Song ci often expressed feelings of desire and in an adopted persona, more than ever before, the form was also used to address a wide range of topics. Ci is considered an irregular lyric Chinese poetry form [7].
Innovators in Poetry Forms
- Su Shi (1037–1101) ~ Ci poetry, Shi poetry, Fu (poetry). Together with Fan Zhongyan, one of the founders of the haofang 豪放 school of ci.
- Fan Zhongyan (989–1052) ~ known for his ci. Together with Su Shi, one of the founders of the haofang 豪放 school of ci.
- Xin Qiji (1140–1207) ~ considered by scholars as the equal of Su Shi.
- Huang Tingjian (1045-1105) ~ a master and greatly admired student of Su Shi.
- Li Qingzhao (1084–1151) ~ premiere female poet of Song dynasty who composed mostly ci, and a few shi.
- Mei Yaochen (1002–1060) ~ popularized by the younger Ouyang Xiu, composed in a "new subjective style", mainly shi.
- Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072) ~ Su Shi's patron who was also admired for his own shi and ci. [8]
- Li Houzhu (937–978)~ the last ruler of the Southern Tang Kingdom from 961 to 975 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the "first true master" of ci.
amongst many others.
Notable Related Works
- Finest Blossoms in the Garden of Literature (Chinese: 文苑英華; pinyin: Wényuàn Yīnghuá) compiled first by Li Fang in the 10th century and fully edited by the time of Cefu Yuangui in the 11th century.
- Jiyun (Chinese: 集韻/集韵; pinyin: Jíyùn; Wade-Giles: Chi-yün; literally "Collected Rimes") published during the Song Dynasty by chief editor Ding Du (丁度) and Sima Guang completed the text in 1067.
Song poetry post-Song Dynasty
After the Song Dynasty, both shi poetry and ci poetry continued to be composed through the imperial period and to a lesser extent to this day. It's always debatable that most of these works have been less highly regarded than Tang poetry.
As the ci gradually became more literary and artificial after Song times, Chinese Sanqu poetry (散曲), a freer form, based on new popular songs, developed. [9]
References
- ^ http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/time_line.html
- ^ http://www.chinavoc.com/history/song/lqzh.htm
- ^ http://www.chinapage.com/sushi.html
- ^ http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Mei-Yaochen
- ^ http://www.famouschinese.com/virtual/Li_Houzhu
- ^ http://www.renditions.org/renditions/authors/luyou.html
- ^ http://www.xianexpat.com/html/aboutchina/Literature/6.htm
- ^ http://history.cultural-china.com/en/59History6941.html
- ^ http://history.cultural-china.com/en/61History7870.html
Also See
External links
,
Song poetry ( Traditional Chinese: 宋詩; Simplified Chinese: 宋诗; pinyin: Sòng shī or Song4 shi1; Wade-Giles: Sung shi) refers to poetry written in or around the time of and in the characteristic style of China's Song dynasty, (between 960 and 1279 [1]) and/or follows a certain style of the time period. Popular forms of poetry during this period were Ci poetry, Shi poetry, and Fu (poetry).
Although Tang Dynasty is viewed as the Golden Age for Chinese poetry, there were still significantly renowned poets of the Song era. And much like in the Tang dynasty, poetry was an important part of social life and theoratically available to everyone during the Song dynasty. Famous poets of the period include Li Qingzhao [2], Su Shi [3], Mei Yaochen [4], Lu You, Li Houzhu [5], etc. [6], all became famous even in their lifetimes
Domination of Ci
ci (poetry) is the form of Chinese poetry most associated with the Song dynasty. Although it found its roots during the Liang Dynasty ( 502– 557 AD), the ci form of Chinese poetry found its greatest acceptance and popularity during Song, and was used by most Song poets. And eventhough Song ci often expressed feelings of desire and in an adopted persona, more than ever before, the form was also used to address a wide range of topics. Ci is considered an irregular lyric Chinese poetry form [7].
Innovators in Poetry Forms
- Su Shi (1037–1101) ~ Ci poetry, Shi poetry, Fu (poetry). Together with Fan Zhongyan, one of the founders of the haofang 豪放 school of ci.
- Fan Zhongyan (989–1052) ~ known for his ci. Together with Su Shi, one of the founders of the haofang 豪放 school of ci.
- Xin Qiji (1140–1207) ~ considered by scholars as the equal of Su Shi.
- Huang Tingjian (1045-1105) ~ a master and greatly admired student of Su Shi.
- Li Qingzhao (1084–1151) ~ premiere female poet of Song dynasty who composed mostly ci, and a few shi.
- Mei Yaochen (1002–1060) ~ popularized by the younger Ouyang Xiu, composed in a "new subjective style", mainly shi.
- Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072) ~ Su Shi's patron who was also admired for his own shi and ci. [8]
- Li Houzhu (937–978)~ the last ruler of the Southern Tang Kingdom from 961 to 975 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, the "first true master" of ci.
amongst many others.
Notable Related Works
- Finest Blossoms in the Garden of Literature (Chinese: 文苑英華; pinyin: Wényuàn Yīnghuá) compiled first by Li Fang in the 10th century and fully edited by the time of Cefu Yuangui in the 11th century.
- Jiyun (Chinese: 集韻/集韵; pinyin: Jíyùn; Wade-Giles: Chi-yün; literally "Collected Rimes") published during the Song Dynasty by chief editor Ding Du (丁度) and Sima Guang completed the text in 1067.
Song poetry post-Song Dynasty
After the Song Dynasty, both shi poetry and ci poetry continued to be composed through the imperial period and to a lesser extent to this day. It's always debatable that most of these works have been less highly regarded than Tang poetry.
As the ci gradually became more literary and artificial after Song times, Chinese Sanqu poetry (散曲), a freer form, based on new popular songs, developed. [9]
References
- ^ http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/time_line.html
- ^ http://www.chinavoc.com/history/song/lqzh.htm
- ^ http://www.chinapage.com/sushi.html
- ^ http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Mei-Yaochen
- ^ http://www.famouschinese.com/virtual/Li_Houzhu
- ^ http://www.renditions.org/renditions/authors/luyou.html
- ^ http://www.xianexpat.com/html/aboutchina/Literature/6.htm
- ^ http://history.cultural-china.com/en/59History6941.html
- ^ http://history.cultural-china.com/en/61History7870.html
Also See
External links