The Republic of Finland(Suomen tasavalta / Republiken Finland) is a republic with a popularly elected
president and a
Parliament, which is elected by in free multi-party elections and
government responsible to the parliament. Finland is member of the
European Union. Finland has as territory governed according to an act and international treaties
Åland.
1809: The
Treaty of Fredrikshamn confirms the Russian victory in 1808 over Sweden. Sweden cedes Finland (including
Åland) to Russia. Tsar
Aleksandr I of Russia becomes grand prince of the
Grand Principality of Finland. The estates assembly remains de jure intact with certain legislative powers, but until 1863 the assembly doesn’t convene.
1863: For the first time the
Diet of Finland convenes. The Diet exists out of four estates, indirectly elected.
1906: Finland gets a
Parliament (Eduskunta) elected in multi-party elections on a universal suffrage.
1917: After the
revolutions commence in Russia, several entities are established on the territory of Russia. The Finnish parliament
declares the independence from Russia.
1918: The same year the Kingdom of Finland is proclaimed, more or less a
German puppet state. The
Finnish Civil War starts between nationalist and socialist forces. Socialists establish as contra-government, the
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic. Finnish volunteers take part in
conflicts until 1922 in territories inhabited by other Baltic Finnic peoples in Russia.
1919: After the civil war in which the FSWR is defeated, Finland becomes a republic. Finland gets a president elected by a popularly elected electoral college and a government responsible to the parliament, which is elected by in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The citizens of
Åland vote in a
plebiscite for cession to Sweden.
1920: The
Treaty of Tartu establishes the border between Russia and Finland, Russia finally recognizes the independence of Finland.
1922: After a decision of the
League of Nations in 1921, Finland establishes the autonomous province of
Åland under international treaty.
1940: Finland is defeated by the Soviet Union and cedes in the
Moscow Peace Treaty some of its territory. The Finnish Democratic Republic is disbanded.
1944: The Finnish government start negotiations with the Soviet Union. With the
Moscow Armistice Finland is forced to end the war and has to cede
Petsamo to the Soviet Union.
1952: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden establish the
Nordic Council.
1955: Finland joins the
United Nations, being an observer since 1952.
The Region of the Åland Islands(Landskapet Åland / Ahvenanmaan maakunta) are an autonomous region of
Finland, with a parliament, the
Law Assembly, elected in free multi-party elections, and a
government responsible to the parliament led by the
Lantråd.
1809: The
Treaty of Fredrikshamn confirms the Russian victory in 1808 over Sweden. Sweden cedes
Finland (including Åland) to Russia. Russia makes tsar
Aleksandr I of Russia grand prince of the
Grand Principality of Finland. The estates assembly remains de jure intact with certain legislative powers, but until 1863 the assembly doesn’t convene.
1917: A broad
revolution commences. After parts of the army joins the revolution, tsar
Nikolaj II abdicates in favor of a
provisional government of liberals and socialists led by prince
Georgij L'vov. The monarchy is abolished and Russia becomes a republic. Following the revolution in Russia, the Finnish parliaments
declares the independence from Russia.
1922: After a decision of the
League of Nations in 1921, Finland establishes the autonomous province of Åland under international treaty with its own government and parliament elected by universal suffrage.
The Republic of Finland(Suomen tasavalta / Republiken Finland) is a republic with a popularly elected
president and a
Parliament, which is elected by in free multi-party elections and
government responsible to the parliament. Finland is member of the
European Union. Finland has as territory governed according to an act and international treaties
Åland.
1809: The
Treaty of Fredrikshamn confirms the Russian victory in 1808 over Sweden. Sweden cedes Finland (including
Åland) to Russia. Tsar
Aleksandr I of Russia becomes grand prince of the
Grand Principality of Finland. The estates assembly remains de jure intact with certain legislative powers, but until 1863 the assembly doesn’t convene.
1863: For the first time the
Diet of Finland convenes. The Diet exists out of four estates, indirectly elected.
1906: Finland gets a
Parliament (Eduskunta) elected in multi-party elections on a universal suffrage.
1917: After the
revolutions commence in Russia, several entities are established on the territory of Russia. The Finnish parliament
declares the independence from Russia.
1918: The same year the Kingdom of Finland is proclaimed, more or less a
German puppet state. The
Finnish Civil War starts between nationalist and socialist forces. Socialists establish as contra-government, the
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic. Finnish volunteers take part in
conflicts until 1922 in territories inhabited by other Baltic Finnic peoples in Russia.
1919: After the civil war in which the FSWR is defeated, Finland becomes a republic. Finland gets a president elected by a popularly elected electoral college and a government responsible to the parliament, which is elected by in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The citizens of
Åland vote in a
plebiscite for cession to Sweden.
1920: The
Treaty of Tartu establishes the border between Russia and Finland, Russia finally recognizes the independence of Finland.
1922: After a decision of the
League of Nations in 1921, Finland establishes the autonomous province of
Åland under international treaty.
1940: Finland is defeated by the Soviet Union and cedes in the
Moscow Peace Treaty some of its territory. The Finnish Democratic Republic is disbanded.
1944: The Finnish government start negotiations with the Soviet Union. With the
Moscow Armistice Finland is forced to end the war and has to cede
Petsamo to the Soviet Union.
1952: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden establish the
Nordic Council.
1955: Finland joins the
United Nations, being an observer since 1952.
The Region of the Åland Islands(Landskapet Åland / Ahvenanmaan maakunta) are an autonomous region of
Finland, with a parliament, the
Law Assembly, elected in free multi-party elections, and a
government responsible to the parliament led by the
Lantråd.
1809: The
Treaty of Fredrikshamn confirms the Russian victory in 1808 over Sweden. Sweden cedes
Finland (including Åland) to Russia. Russia makes tsar
Aleksandr I of Russia grand prince of the
Grand Principality of Finland. The estates assembly remains de jure intact with certain legislative powers, but until 1863 the assembly doesn’t convene.
1917: A broad
revolution commences. After parts of the army joins the revolution, tsar
Nikolaj II abdicates in favor of a
provisional government of liberals and socialists led by prince
Georgij L'vov. The monarchy is abolished and Russia becomes a republic. Following the revolution in Russia, the Finnish parliaments
declares the independence from Russia.
1922: After a decision of the
League of Nations in 1921, Finland establishes the autonomous province of Åland under international treaty with its own government and parliament elected by universal suffrage.