(In molecular biology, the enteroviral 3' UTR element is an RNA structure found in the 3' UTR of various enteroviruses.) A UTR, or untranslated region, is a section of mRNA which is not read out in translation and thus does not contribute to the protein sequence. [1] It sequence, and particularly its structure, do have important functions in the cell cycle. (The overall structure forms the origin of replication (OriR) for the initiation of (-) strand RNA synthesis. Pseudoknots have also been predicted in this structure.) These structure are important in virus replication.
Enteroviruses replicate through the synthesis of a (-) strand RNA from the (+) strand. The newly synthesized strand acts as a template for new (+) strand progeny RNA. While the same proteins are responsible for the synthesis of both strands they recognize two different 3’ elements on the (+) and (-) strands of enterovirus RNA. Proteins recognize oriL on the 3’ end of the (-) strand to initiate synthesis of the (+) strand and oriR on the (+) strand to initiate (-) strand synthesis. [2] The (+) strand 3’ UTR contains two domains X and Y which have hairpin structures. [3] A so-called kissing interaction is formed between the loops of the X and Y domains and is then stacked on the helical portion of the X domain to form the tertiary structure of oriR. [4] An enterovirus subgroup, B-like enteroviruses, contain an additional domain Z. [5]
The 3’ end of the (+) strand also contains a poly(A) tail that interacts with the kissing domain and is essential for replication. [2] [3] The deletion of this tail proves detrimental to the virus. [2] Interestingly, if the kissing interaction is deleted replication will still occur but mutants with a distorted kissing domain exhibit a temperature sensitive or lethal phenotype. [4] [2] The kissing interaction must exhibit wildtype structure or not be present at all, which raises questions as to its function in replication.
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(In molecular biology, the enteroviral 3' UTR element is an RNA structure found in the 3' UTR of various enteroviruses.) A UTR, or untranslated region, is a section of mRNA which is not read out in translation and thus does not contribute to the protein sequence. [1] It sequence, and particularly its structure, do have important functions in the cell cycle. (The overall structure forms the origin of replication (OriR) for the initiation of (-) strand RNA synthesis. Pseudoknots have also been predicted in this structure.) These structure are important in virus replication.
Enteroviruses replicate through the synthesis of a (-) strand RNA from the (+) strand. The newly synthesized strand acts as a template for new (+) strand progeny RNA. While the same proteins are responsible for the synthesis of both strands they recognize two different 3’ elements on the (+) and (-) strands of enterovirus RNA. Proteins recognize oriL on the 3’ end of the (-) strand to initiate synthesis of the (+) strand and oriR on the (+) strand to initiate (-) strand synthesis. [2] The (+) strand 3’ UTR contains two domains X and Y which have hairpin structures. [3] A so-called kissing interaction is formed between the loops of the X and Y domains and is then stacked on the helical portion of the X domain to form the tertiary structure of oriR. [4] An enterovirus subgroup, B-like enteroviruses, contain an additional domain Z. [5]
The 3’ end of the (+) strand also contains a poly(A) tail that interacts with the kissing domain and is essential for replication. [2] [3] The deletion of this tail proves detrimental to the virus. [2] Interestingly, if the kissing interaction is deleted replication will still occur but mutants with a distorted kissing domain exhibit a temperature sensitive or lethal phenotype. [4] [2] The kissing interaction must exhibit wildtype structure or not be present at all, which raises questions as to its function in replication.
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