https://www.cubamilitar.org/wiki/Comandante_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n_Cubana

Commander of the Cuban Revolution was the highest rank awarded among the revolutionary forces of the Rebel Army during the War of National Liberation . To differentiate themselves from the ambitions of Army officers to rise and occupy high ranks, the rebels refrained from having senior officer ranks, such as Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, and General.

After the revolutionary triumph, the formation and expansion of the Revolutionary Armed Forces to hundreds of thousands of men, this custom of commanders created great organizational problems and confusion, since each unit was commanded by a Commander (Brigade Commander, Division Commander , etc).

In 1976 this custom was abolished, passing to the normal ranks of colonels and generals, partly under Soviet pressure, which had also passed and eliminated this custom from its Bolshevik era.

Since then the term "Commander of the Revolution" remained for those, who had been promoted to Commander before the revolution (until 1958), and some of those who received it in the first months of 1959.

For Fidel Castro, the rank of Commander-in-Chief , an official rank of the Revolutionary Armed Forces and a historic title remained .

The list of the Commanders of the Cuban Revolution is as follows (in alphabetical order):

• Juan Almeida Bosque (1927-2009)
• Camilo Cienfuegos (1932-1959)
• Huber Matos (1918-2014)
• Manuel Piñeiro Losada (1933-1998)
• Juan Abrantes Fernandez
• Armando Acosta Cordero
• Juan Vitalio Acuña Núñez
• Juan Almeida Bosque - Chief of the 3rd Eastern Front "Mario Muñoz" ( February 17 , 1927 - September 11 , 2009 )
• Angel Ameijeiras Delgado
• Efigenio Ameijeiras Delgado - Second Eastern Front "Frank País"
• José Argibais - Second Chief of the V Eastern Front
• Lazaro Asencio
• Miguel Beatón - shot on July 15 , 1960
• Víctor Bordón Machado - Second National Front of the Escambray
• Francisco (Paco) Cabrera Pupo - Chief of Fidel Castro's bodyguard , accidentally killed in Caracas January 23 , 1959
• Gaspar brooks
• Julio Camacho Aguilera
• Gilberto Carrero placeholder image
• Ernesto Casillas
• Humberto Castello
• Ramon Carneaux Machado
• Julio Casas Regueiro
• Senén Casas Regueiro
• Bellarmine Castilla Mas
• Fidel Castro Ruz - Commander in Chief, Head of Column No. 1 "José Martí"
• Raúl Castro Ruz - Chief of the 2nd Eastern Front "Frank País"
• Raúl Chibás Rivas - Brother of the orthodox politician Eduardo Chibás, he fled Cuba in August 1960.
• Faure Chomón Mediavilla - Second National Front of the Escambray, of the Revolutionary Directorate "March 13"
• Gilberto Cervantes
• Raúl Chibás
• Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán - Head of Column N ° 2 "Antonio Maceo"
• Abelardo Colomé Ibarra
• Jaime Costa
• Luis Crespo Castro
• Braulio Coroneaux - Posthumous promotion
• Rolando Cubela Secades - Second National Front of the Escambray
• Andrés Cuevas - Posthumous promotion
• Raul Curbelo
• René de los Santos Ponce - Head of Column 10 "René Ramos Latour" († April 4 , 2007 )
• Raúl Díaz Naranjo - Shot on August 15 , 1964
• Raúl Díaz Torres - exiled
• José Duarte Comas († Havana, February 4 , 2014 , at age 76).
• Felix Duque de Estrada
• Anibal Escalante
• Derminio Escalona Alonso († February 5 , 2009 )
• Juan Escalona
• Manuel 'Piti' Fajardo Rivero - doctor, killed in ambush November 29 , 1961
• Eduardo Waldo ' Rodriguez Fernandez - founder and operator Radio Rebel († 25 August of the 2003 )
• Oscar Fernández Mel - physician
• Carlos Figueredo Rosales - Directory March 13, committed suicide on March 26 of the 2009
• Angel Frias
• William Galvez Rodriguez
• Guillermo Garcia Frías
• Calixto Garcia Martinez
• Delio Gómez Ochoa - Head of the IV Eastern Front "Simón Bolívar"
• Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna - Head of Column 8 "Ciro Redondo"
• Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo - Second National Front of the Escambray
• Carlos Iglesias Fonseca
• Joel Iglesias
• Reinerio Jiménez
• Juan Ramón López Fleitas (posthumous)
• Ricardo Lorie
• Antonio Enrique Lussón Battle
• Augusto Martínez Sánchez
• Julio Martínez Paz
• Huber Matos Benítez Head of Column N ° 9 "Antonio Guiteras" and political prisoner for 20 years (1918-2014)
• Raúl Menéndez Tomassevich († August 17 , 2001 )
• Pedro Miret
• Demetrio "Villa" Montseny Vaca
• Victor Mora Pérez
• William Alexander Morgan - Second National Front of the Escambray, shot March 11 , 1961
• Ramon Paz Cuevas
• Felix Lugerio Pena Diaz
• Manuel Nogueira Ramos
• Filiberto Olivera Moya
• Ramón Paz Borroto - killed in action July 28 , 1958 .
• Félix Lugerio Pena Díaz - President of the Revolutionary Court in the Trial of Fulgencio Batista's Airmen in Santiago de Cuba, 1959
• Crescencio Pérez - Column 7
• Faustino Pérez Hernández († December 24 , 1992 )
• Walfrido perez
• Manuel Piñeiro Losada - Second Eastern Front "Frank País" ( March 14 , 1933 - March 11 , 1998 )
• Plinio Prieto Ruiz - shot October 12 , 1960
• Jose Quevedo
• René Ramos Latour - killed in action July 30 , 1958
• Ciro Redondo García - posthumous promotion
• Horacio Rodriguez Hernandez
• Luis Orlando Rodríguez Rodríguez - journalist, († January 26 , 1989 )
• Samuel Rodiles Planas
• René Rodríguez Cruz
• Aldo Santamaria
• Universo Sánchez Alvarez († Havana, 14 August of the 2012 at 93)
• Guillermo 'Lalo' Sardiñas - priest († December 21 , 1964 )
• Jorge Serguera († February 3 , 2009 )
• Humberto Sorí Marín - auditor, shot on April 20 , 1961
• Félix Torres González († August 5 , 2008 )
• Ramiro Valdés Menéndez
• René Vallejo Ortiz - doctor († August 14 , 1969 )
• Aldo Vera Serafín - After 1959 he conspired against Castro together with Commander Humberto Sorí Marín, after his execution he took refuge in the United States. He was assassinated on 25 of October of 1976 in Puerto Rico, according to one version, possibly by the intelligence services of Cuba
• Roberto Verdaguer , Fidel Castro's private pilot after Diaz Lanz fled, flees to the United States in 1961 in a plane with his twin brother Guillermo.

Promoted to Commander after the triumph of the revolution

• Pedro Luis Díaz Lanz - Promoted after the revolution, Chief of the Revolutionary Air Force in 1959, personal pilot of Fidel Castro . He fled to the United States in 1959.
• Cristino Naranjo , assassinated on November 12 , 1959 , posthumously promoted to Commander.
• Eduardo Bernabé Ordaz - physician, promoted on January 1 , 1959 . Director of Mazorra. († May 21 , 2006 )
• Domingo René García Collazo . He was disabled when he lost both legs when he tried to plant a bomb on June 12, 1957. On January 17, 1959, on a visit to Artemisa, Fidel Castro promoted him to Commander and appointed him second chief of the Pinar del Río regiment, whose chief It was Commander Juan Escalona.
• Antonio Sanchez Diaz 'Pinares' - promoted the 4 of January of 1959 (Pinar de Rio 7 of December of 1927 - Bolivia 2 of June of 1967 ). Killed in action in Bolivia in the guerrilla of Ernesto Che Guevara .

Historic NK Ranks

조선인민군의_군사_칭호 [ ko]

군관 직위 (1948-1952)

1948년부터 1952년 말기까지 군사 칭호 대신하여 사용되었다 ^[1]. 이는 당시의 공산주의 국가의 이념 상, 계급이 아닌 직책으로 서열이 구분되기 때문에 군사칭호가 이렇게 된 것이다.

1953년

원수급은 다른 계급과는 달리 오직 육군에만 존재하는 계급장이며 그 때문에 해군이나 공군 대장이 차수로 진급하면 육군으로 변경된다.

1998년 부터

보위부 및 호위사령부는 사병이 없이 전원 장교로만 구성되어 있다.

	계급	견장
원수급 (元帥級)	조선민주주의인민공화국 대원수 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 大元帥)
	조선민주주의인민공화국 원수 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 元帥)
	조선인민군 원수 (朝鮮人民軍 元帥)
	조선인민군 차수 (朝鮮人民軍 次帥)
		륙군 견장	해군 견장	항공및반항공군 견장	사회안전성 및 사회안전군 견장	Ministry of State Security (North Korea)
장령급 (將領級)	대장 (大將)
	상장 (上將)
	중장 (中將)
	소장 (少將)
좌관급 (佐官級)	대좌 (大佐)
	상좌 (上佐)
	중좌 (中佐)
	소좌 (少佐)
위관급 (尉官級)	대위 (大尉)
	상위 (上尉)
	중위 (中尉)
	소위 (少尉)
하사관급 (下士官級)	특무상사 (特務上士)					없음
	상사 (上士)
	중사 (中士)
	하사 (下士)
전사급 (戰士級)	상급병사 (上級兵士)
	중급병사 (中級兵士)
	초급병사 (初級兵士)
	하급병사 (下級兵士)

See also

References

A guide on genocide articles Information

This idea is in the brainstorming stage. Feel free to add new ideas; improve, clarify and classify the ideas already here; and discuss the merits of these ideas on the talk page.

This a guide to help editors in creating and contributing to articles around cases of and potential cases of genocide.

Labelling genocides

There are three identifiable ways to mark something as a genocide in the case of Wikipedia:

1. A decision by international courts in regard to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), as in the case of the Srebrenica massacre.
2. Significant scholarship from the relevant fields ^[a] determine it to be genocide, as in the cases of The Holocaust, Armenian genocide, Selk'nam genocide, and the Guatemalan genocide.
3. Cases of common name from academic sources, this is more likely to occur in discussing concepts than specific events, such as with Trans genocide.
4. Cases of common name from popular sources, while it is unlikely to be the case where the common name in reliable sources for an event will label it a genocide without at least point 2 also being present this is a potential occurrence.

For the fourth way, a discussion will be needed to determine to best title for the article on a case-by-case basis. For input it is recommended that you ping the following WikiPorjects (WPs) WP Death, WP Human Rights, the relevant WPs for the geographic regions the event takes place, and then other WPs relevant to group identity.

In cases where there is academic debate from the relevant fields as to the labelling of an event as genocide, article titles that have been used in the past to cover the debates have included the terms "allegations", "accusations", and "question". From previous discussions ^[b] it has been found that "question" is the preferred neutral term for Wikivoice.

There is no platonic ideal of genocide

Within scholarship, since the adoption of the CPPCG, it has been scrutinised and considered lacking. This means (especially in genocide studies) many scholars will use definitions different to the CPPCG, and often these definitions are broader (structural genocide, ^[1] utilitarian genocide, ethnic cleansing as genocide, ^{[2] [3]} settler-colonialism as genocide ^[4]). While we may disagree with any or all such definitions and conceptualisations, we must acknowledge the expertise of the individuals employing these in their published research, and have articles on Wikipedia reflect such opinions.

Many people are familiar with the Holocaust and have this as their only reference point for what a genocide is. Due to this, many people may not consider other events as genocides due to differences between those events and the Holocaust. It is important that we do not engage in such measurements, and instead work to the academic standards in the relevant fields.

Events with some literature

In cases where there is some literature from relevant scholars who view an event as genocide, but this either a minority position in the discussion, or there is very little literature overall analysing and event as genocide, it is best to include those opinions as a section in the main article on the event, and not to have a separate article, such as the Great Famine in Ireland (for the former) and the Cathar genocide (for the latter).

Where to look

In line with the points so-far made in this guide, it helps to increase the quality and robustness of our articles to use academically rigorous sources.

Suggested journals

When looking for sources that discuss events as cases of genocide, the following journals are likely to be of use:

Other journals, particularly those in the relevant "area studies", can also be good sources for information and scholarly analysis.

Useful books

Bibliography of genocide studies provides a selection of important books in genocide studies, as well as key scholars who are prolific in their work. These books, and other books by the authors can provide important information for developing articles on cases of/potential cases of genocide.

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