Obituary (Assoc. Press) & several other articlessaved to Newspapers.com.
Find a Grave: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/174237903/frank-richardson-pierce
IMDB: cited as writer https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0682352/
Article lacks citations.
Bodie textbook:
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)[ citation needed] Source: /info/en/?search=Citation_needed
https://www.coalcampusa.com/westpa/connellsville/humphreys/humphreys.htm (esp. photo from Humphries Historical Society)
Westmoreland History Industrial Sites: p. 404
Humphries Historical Society
Take photo(s)
" Chapter 6" of Introductory Statistics (Illowsky and Dean) downloaded from OpenStax.org. [1]
"Symmetrical, single-peaked and bell-shaped... describes many human traits...one example is IQ. In the population, the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 15 or 16, depending on the size of the population." [2]
"If a dataset follows a normal distribution, then about 68% of the observations will fall within (one standard deviation??) of the mean." [3]
"Many things closely follow a Normal Distribution:
" the data in a sample, which in their own way are all individual estimates of some true population parameter (some good, some bad) often miss hitting their target exactly, and instead just fall somewhere nearby." [5]
"independent, randomly generated variables.... Its familiar bell-shaped curve statistical reports, from survey analysis and quality control to resource allocation....The graph of the normal distribution is characterized by two parameters: the mean, or average, which is the maximum of the graph and about which the graph is always symmetric; and the standard deviation, which determines the amount of dispersion away from the mean. A small standard deviation (compared with the mean) produces a steep graph, whereas a large standard deviation (again compared with the mean) produces a flat graph. The probability of a random variable falling within any given range of values is equal to the proportion of the area enclosed under the function’s graph between the given values and above the x-axis." [6]
Spark spread ($/MWh) = power price ($/MWh) – [natural gas price ($/mmBtu) * heat rate (mmBtu/MWh)]
A limitation of the spark spread calculation is that it does not take into consideration other costs associated with the generation of electricity, such as pipeline costs or fuel-related finance charges, and other variable costs (like operations and maintenance costs), taxes, or fixed expenses. In that sense, a spark spread is an indicator of market conditions, but it is not necessarily an exact measure of profitability for any one specific generator. source: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=9911
It was possible from 1996 to 2002 to hedge or sell such a spread on Nymex by shorting electric power and buying the fuel used for generation – fuel oil, natural gas, or coal. http://dahl.mines.edu/tech1504.pdf
Applied Extrusion emerges from Chapter 11 Published: March 8, 2005. By Jennifer Inez Ward https://www.marketwatch.com/story/applied-extrusion-emerges-from-chapter-11. SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- Applied Extrusion Technologies aetcq said Tuesday afternoon that it has emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Through its plan of reorganization, it has gone private and holders of common stock will receive 15.6 cents a share. Chief Executive and Chairman Amin Khoury has also retired. The New Castle, Del.-based company also announced that it has closed its $125 million exit financing with GE Commercial Finance GE
August 02, 2004 02:00 AM AET set for Chapter 11, restructuring. RHODA MIE. https://www.plasticsnews.com/article/20040802/NEWS/308029999/aet-set-for-chapter-11-restructuring.
Dec. 2, 2004 APPLIED EXTRUSION FILES FOR BANKRUPTCY PROTECTION https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/02/business/company-news-applied-extrusion-files-for-bankruptcy-protection.html
"A source "directly supports" a given piece of material if the information is present explicitly in the source so that using this source to support the material is not a violation of Wikipedia:No original research. The location of any citation—including whether one is present in the article at all—is unrelated to whether a source directly supports the material. For questions about where and how to place citations, see Wikipedia:Citing sources, Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section § Citations, etc."
This user has access to the following sources:
In a 1923 journal article, Edith Franklin Wyatt (name) was generally favorable to the novel, praising Tarkington as "markedly competent in the characterization of age", citing his "remarkable genius in this direction as evinced in Seventeen and other tales of his." cite https://www.jstor.org/stable/25112847
PPG Industries Inc.
Year | $ millions |
---|---|
2013 [24] | $ 3,231 |
2014 [24] | $ 2,102 |
2015 [24] | $ 1,406 |
2016 [24] | $ 877 |
2017 [24] | $ 1,591 |
2018 [25] | $ 1,341 |
2019 [25] | $ 1,243 |
2020 [26] | $ 1,059 |
2021 [26] | $ 1,439 |
2022 [26] | $ 1,026 |
Zinoman NYT [27]
Claremont Review of Books [28]
In a 1923 journal article, Edith Franklin Wyatt (name) was generally favorable to the novel, praising Tarkington as "markedly competent in the characterization of age", citing his "remarkable genius in this direction as evinced in Seventeen and other tales of his." cite https://www.jstor.org/stable/25112847
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Link: Footnotes: using a named source more than once
Link: /info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citing_multiple_pages_of_the_same_source
You can name a reference by using the Ref Name field in the Cite Book template. Once named, you can invoke the reference using the named references icon in the menu bar. Or you can type the syntax by hand.
Example:
Plumville, Pennsylvania
first time a source is cited:
The north branch of
Plum Creek passes through Plumville.
[1]
second time the same source is cited:
Telephone service arrived around 1890.
[1]: 164
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- <last1>–<last4> – positional parameters; names of one to four authors; <last1> required - <year> – required; four-digit year; may have a lowercase disambiguation letter - |p= – specific page referenced in the source - |pp= – comma separated list of individual pages and / or range(s) of pages referenced in the source - |loc= – in-source location when |p= and |pp= are inappropriate; may be used to supplement |p= and |pp=; information such as a section or figure number.
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IMDB is user-generated/self-published and not an acceptable source to cite. See /info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources
MySpace is not verifiable (author cannot be determined) and not acceptable source to cite. See /info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Verifiability#What_counts_as_a_reliable_source
This article needs additional citations for
verification. (May 2023) |
Greetings Wikipedians! I commend all the contributors for their efforts. But sadly, this article lacks inline citations to reliable, verifiable sources. There are no citations - none at all - in the following sections:
This violates Wikipedia's policy on verifiability (set forth
here: Wikipedia policy on verifiability), which states: "Even if you are sure something is true, it must be verifiable before you can add it....The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and it is satisfied by providing an inline citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution." I hope someone will step forward to remedy this problem. Readers who come to this article seeking knowledge need some way to verify that what they are reading is accurate and accepted by authorities in the field. Unsourced material is subject to being removed. My modest qualifications for this subject, such as they are, are set forth in my user profile. Cordially,
{{WikiProject Finance & Investment |class= |importance= }}
Box |
cell 1 | cell 2 | cell 3 |
cell 4 | cell 5 | cell 6 |
cell 7 | cell 8 | cell 9 |
Year | $ billions |
---|---|
2018 | $2.21 |
2019 | $2.17 |
2020 | ($2.59) |
2021 | $0.59 |
2022 | $1.03 |
![]() | |
Date | 2 April, 1891 |
---|---|
Location | Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania |
Cause | shot during labor unrest |
Casualties | |
9 dead |
/info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Subpages
Physics (inc. electricity)
Writing in the 1990s, several authorities observed that while closed-end funds sometimes trade at a premium, in then-recent years they had typically traded at a discount to their net asset value, and that the size of the discounts tended to vary considerably over time. (need reference)
In 2015, Forbes observed that it is not uncommon for closed-end funds at a discount to net asset value. https://www.forbes.com/sites/aberdeen/2015/08/12/why-closed-end-funds-can-trade-at-a-discount/?sh=508a483560d1
For calendar year 2022, the weekly financial newspaper Barron's reported that the closed-end fund sector as measured by the Herzfeld Average traded at a discount to net asset value during most of calendar year 2022. The average measures 15 closed-end funds that invest primarily in U.S. equiiies. [1]
Thomas Herzfeld, an investment adviser specializing in closed-end funds, believed that the appeal of these investments lay in the opportunity to buy them assets when discounts were large, and sell them when the discount narrowed.
In a 1991 paper professors Lee, Schleifer and Thaler identified three frequently-cited reasons for the discount:
The authors cast doubt on these popular beliefs and proposed another reason for the discount: that closed-end funds attract individual investors who follow certain trading models, incorrectly believe that they have little-known information about the pricing of the funds, and/or have unrealistic expectations.
Other reasons for the discount have been said to include: (cite Herzfeld):
"closed‐end fund prices systematically deviate from fundamental values. In this respect, fundamental value is measured by net asset value (NAV),...Typically closed‐end funds begin trading at a premium, but within a few months begin to trade persistently at a discount." https://academic.oup.com/book/27607/chapter-abstract/197670594?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Potential sources:
From http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph240/noordeh2/
NY Times review was less than positive, stating that Michener "...is not investigating the states of mind of those suffering from existential anxiety, of those fundamentally alienated from the world. He is setting down the log of a number of people who think they may be able to solve some problems by postponing consideration of them. ...those interested in knowing how a sympathetic member of the older generation views some of the shenanigans of the younger will find “The Drifters” a tolerable interlude, especially as it is spiced with travelogue evocations of foreign climes." [2]
‘God,’ says Karen Armstrong, is ‘a symbol of indescribable transcendence,’ ‘pointing beyond itself to an ineffable reality.’ This reality should not be thought of as a thing or person. We must not anthropomorphize God or make of him an idol, in the way the religious fundamentalists and literalists do. They too have misunderstood the meaning of the term. Rather, says Armstrong, ‘God’ is a symbol pointing us in the direction of something essentially unknowable, and certainly unknowable in a rational, intellectual way. Armstrong is an apophaticist, insisting that ‘the ultimate cannot be adequately expressed in any theoretical system, however august, because it lies beyond the reach of words and concepts.’ (source: https://spectrummagazine.org/node/2002/www.popmatters.com/pm/review/108939-the-case-for-god-by-karen-armstrong)
Cosmological argument: "claims that the existence of God can be inferred from facts concerning causation, explanation, change, motion, contingency, dependency, or finitude with respect to the universe or some totality of objects. A cosmological argument can also sometimes be referred to as an argument from universal causation, an argument from first cause, the causal argument, or prime mover argument."
Prime mover: "a concept advanced by Aristotle as a primary cause (or first uncaused cause) or "mover" of all the motion in the universe.The unmoved mover moves other things, but is not itself moved by any prior action."
"One interpretation of this signal is that markets expect monetary policy to ease as the Federal Reserve responds to an upcoming deterioration in economic conditions... Why should a negative term spread predict a recession? The expectations hypothesis posits that long-term interest rates are determined by expected future short-term rates. Because short-term rates are governed by monetary policy, investors should expect declines as a phase of monetary tightening transitions to monetary easing. As expected future short-term rates fall below current short-term rates, the yield curve inverts." https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/epr/08v14n1/0807rose.html
"If anticipate recession and lower interest rates, they try to lock in long-term yields, which drives down log-term interest rates.... Some argue that shape of yield curve contains implicit forecast of future interest rates..." [Thau p. 87]
"The inverted yield curve shows that investors aren’t sure of the long-term profitability of a company’s or government’s ability to pay a debt in a certain fixed time, may be demanding more money for short-term bonds, or are willing to accept lower rates for long-term bonds, out of concern for what’s coming in the future." [Forbes, Dec. 20, 2022, https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonytellez/2022/12/20/what-to-know-about-the-yield-curve-and-why-it-may-predict-a-recession/?sh=7ef7356d6f7d
"Investors' willingness to accept a lower yield for a lengthier maturity implies that they expect declining long-term interest rates....The corollary is the the Federal Reserve will begin to ease monetary policy." [3]
No sources cited.
Mine opening, Roaring Run Trail [4]
Problem of the creator of God User:BuzzWeiser196/subpage
{{US Census population |1930= |1940= |1950= |1960= |1970= |1980= |1990= |2000= |2010= |2020= 14,928 https://data.census.gov/profile?g=1600000US1352192
23,020 https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&cssp=SERP&q=Monroe%20CCD,%20Walton%20County,%20Georgia |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census [5]
Cliff Richard - Move It
/thenevadaindependent.com/article/how-energy-choice-went-from-a-slam-dunk-to-an-airball
In the top 10 fiction works per Hacket/Burke: 1949 - A Rage to Live 1955 - Ten North Frederick 1958 - From the Terrace 1960 - Ourselves to Know, Sermons and Soda Water 1963 - Elizabeth Appleton
Legal aspects:
Bio-ethics:
The population distribution by age was as follows: 21.8% under 18 years old; 5.9% between 18 to 24 years old, 22.3% between 25 to 44 years old, 30.4% from 45 to 64 years old, and 19.6% 65 years of age or older.
The book was a commercial success. It was the best-selling work of fiction in America for the year xxxx, according to Publishers Weekly. [6]
The book was a commercial success. It was one of the ten best-selling works of fiction in the United States for the year 1971 according to Publishers Weekly. [7] Reviewed in:
Also mentioned in:
Reinvestment risk' is one of the main genres of financial risk. The term describes the risk that cash flows earned from an business or investment must be invested at a lower rate of return than the funds that generated them. This can occur if the cash flows from the investment are somehow stopped and a new investment of equal attractiveness cannot be found. It is also a risk inherent in fixed income securities and loans.
When an investor buys a bond or other fixed income security, he or she faces the risk that interest rates could decrease thereafter. In that case, it may be necessary to reinvest interest payments and/or principal at a lower rate of interest than expected when the bond was purchased. Should that occur, the investor could earn an investment return less than the yield to maturity calculated when the bond was acquired.
It could also occur if a fixed income security is called prior to scheduled maturity or a loan is repaid earlier than expected.
Pension funds are also subject to reinvestment risk especially with the short-term nature of cash investments there is always the risk that future proceeds will have to be reinvested at a lower interest rate.
family web site:
https://sites.rootsweb.com/~saxman/saxman/index.htm
includes obituary:
https://sites.rootsweb.com/~saxman/saxman/obitmathias.htm
Westmoreland coal strike wiki article: references Latrobe Bulletin 1954 story
Mulkearn, Lois and Pugh, Edwin V. A Traveler's Guide to Historic Western Pennsylvania. 1954. University of Pittsburgh Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=lNYpcxnoSXsC
Pittsburgh Leader. The Book of Prominent Pennsylvanians: A Standard Reference. Leader Publishing Company. 1913.
https://books.google.com/books?id=K-QDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=Latrobe-Connellsville+Coal+%26+Coke+Company&source=bl&ots=5SbYwwESBi&sig=ACfU3U2SFbwO7R9bkOTbktZ_kne_sVnI9w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK-5bi8oroAhV0ZTUKHVbaAIQQ6AEwAnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false
Smith, Helene and Swetnam, George. A Guidebook to Historic Western Pennsylvania. 1991. https://books.google.com/books?id=seU_PgAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions
Muller, Edward K. and Carlisle, Ronald C. (1994). WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA: An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. pp. 106–107.
https://archive.org/stream/westmorelandcoun00mull/westmorelandcoun00mull_djvu.txt
https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/CRGIS_Attachments/Survey/1994-H001-129.pdf
Pennsylvania State University Libraries. Pennsylvania Mines and Mining. Information and resources about Pennsylvania mining and mineral resources.
http://guides.libraries.psu.edu/c.php?g=332704&p=2236157
U.S.Census Bureau. Income and Poverty Estimates.
https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/saipe/#/?map_geoSelector=aa_c
Washlaski, Raymond A. Virtual Museum of Coal Mining in Western Pennsylvania.
https://web.archive.org/web/20150906163659/http://patheoldminer.rootsweb.ancestry.com/
Washlaski, Raymond A. DERRY TWP. MINES: HISTORY OF THE COAL MINES & COKE WORKS OF DERRY TOWNSHIP, WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A.
https://www.academia.edu/37966601/DERRY_TWP._MINES._History_of_the_Coal_Mines_and_Coke_Works_of_Derry_Township_Westmoreland_County_Pennsylvania_U.S.A._Including_an_Index_to_the_Coal_Mines_and_Coal_Companies_of_Derry_Township_Westmoreland_County_Pennsylvania_U.S.A._
Moodys: Baa3 https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-upgrades-Plains-All-Americans-notes-to-Baa3--PR_458051
earnings history: 10-k, 2021: https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1070423/000107042322000006/paa-20211231.htm Diluted net income atrib to Plains All American Pipeline LP: p. 75 (millions) 2021 593 2020 (2,590) 2019 2,171
DRAFT: Capital structure is an important issue in setting rates charged to customers by regulated utilities in the United States. Ratemaking practice in the U.S. holds that a utility's rates should be set at a level that assures that the company can provide reliable service at reasonable cost. The cost of capital is among the costs a utility must be allowed to recover, and depends on the company's capital structure. The utility company is free to choose its own capital structure, but regulators determine the capital structure and cost of capital used to set rates paid by customers.
ARTICLE: Bruce M. Louiselle Jean E. Heilman. The Case for the Use of an Appropriate Capital Structure in Utility Ratemaking: The General Rule Versus Minnesota. William Mitchell Law Review 1982. Mitchell Hamline School of Law. https://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2654&context=wmlr "It is a fundamental principle of public utility regulation that regulatory commissions have the responsibility of assuring that the utilities provide reliable service at reasonable cost. Since the cost of capital forms a part of the total cost that a utility must be allowed to recover, and the cost of capital depends among other things on the capital structure, it is incumbent upon the commission to choose the capital structure that produces a reasonable cost of capital. This is not to say that the actual capital structure can- not produce reasonable results; it can. If it can be shown, however, that the actual capital structure (or the one proposed by the com- pany) is imprudent and unreasonable, the commission must reject it and base the fair overall rate of return on a reasonable, albeit hypothetical, capital structure."
BuzzWeiser196 • talk • contributions •
Wikipedia:WikiProject Pennsylvania
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The Back of the World; The troubling genius of G. K. Chesterton. By Adam Gopnik. June 30, 2008 https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/07/07/the-back-of-the-world .......
![]() | This article may require
copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (December 2019) |
In 1875, the Louisiana Legislature declared Mardi Gras a legal holiday in the state of Louisiana, United States. [9] The holiday is observed on the day before Ash Wednesday (also known as Fat Tuesday). [10] [11] [12]
Establishment of the state holiday made it possible for people to celebrate Mardi Gras legally. However, critics maintain that it also facilitated antisocial behavior which occurs during the festival, such drunkenness, drug abuse and violence against individuals and businesses. Laws against concealing one's identity with a mask are suspended for the day. Hence, individuals may hide their faces with masks and costumes, which may lead to increased criminal activity during the festival period.[ citation needed]
1 Sept 1939 - Germany invades Poland
December 7, 1941 - Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
11 December 1941 - Germany declares war on U.S.
8 Nov 1942 - Allies land in N. Africa
3 Sept 1943 - Allies invade Italian mainland
June 6, 1944 - Allies land in Normandy
March 1945 - Allies cross the Rhine
30 April, 1945 - Allies capture Reichstag
7 May, 1945 - Germany surrenders
August 1945 - US uses atomic bombs
2 September 1945 - Japan signs surrender documents
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Category:Mardi Gras in New Orleans Category:1875 in Louisiana
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In finance, the yield curve is a graph which depicts the relationship between the yields on a selected class of debt instruments - such as bonds - of similar credit quality and successively increasing maturities. [1] [2]
Typically, the graph's horizontal or x-axis is a time line of months or years, with the shortest maturity on the left and progressively longer time periods on the right. The vertical or y-axis depicts the annualized yield to maturity.
Investors use the relationships depicted in yield curves to make decisions on how to price debt securities traded in public markets, and to set yields on all other sectors of the debt market, including bank loans and mortgages. [3]
A standard measure of its slope is the difference between two- and ten-year interest rates. The wider the gap is, the steeper the slope.
(Caption))Difference ("spread") between yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury notes compared to 2-year Treasury notes.
Obituary (Assoc. Press) & several other articlessaved to Newspapers.com.
Find a Grave: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/174237903/frank-richardson-pierce
IMDB: cited as writer https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0682352/
Article lacks citations.
Bodie textbook:
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)[ citation needed] Source: /info/en/?search=Citation_needed
https://www.coalcampusa.com/westpa/connellsville/humphreys/humphreys.htm (esp. photo from Humphries Historical Society)
Westmoreland History Industrial Sites: p. 404
Humphries Historical Society
Take photo(s)
" Chapter 6" of Introductory Statistics (Illowsky and Dean) downloaded from OpenStax.org. [1]
"Symmetrical, single-peaked and bell-shaped... describes many human traits...one example is IQ. In the population, the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 15 or 16, depending on the size of the population." [2]
"If a dataset follows a normal distribution, then about 68% of the observations will fall within (one standard deviation??) of the mean." [3]
"Many things closely follow a Normal Distribution:
" the data in a sample, which in their own way are all individual estimates of some true population parameter (some good, some bad) often miss hitting their target exactly, and instead just fall somewhere nearby." [5]
"independent, randomly generated variables.... Its familiar bell-shaped curve statistical reports, from survey analysis and quality control to resource allocation....The graph of the normal distribution is characterized by two parameters: the mean, or average, which is the maximum of the graph and about which the graph is always symmetric; and the standard deviation, which determines the amount of dispersion away from the mean. A small standard deviation (compared with the mean) produces a steep graph, whereas a large standard deviation (again compared with the mean) produces a flat graph. The probability of a random variable falling within any given range of values is equal to the proportion of the area enclosed under the function’s graph between the given values and above the x-axis." [6]
Spark spread ($/MWh) = power price ($/MWh) – [natural gas price ($/mmBtu) * heat rate (mmBtu/MWh)]
A limitation of the spark spread calculation is that it does not take into consideration other costs associated with the generation of electricity, such as pipeline costs or fuel-related finance charges, and other variable costs (like operations and maintenance costs), taxes, or fixed expenses. In that sense, a spark spread is an indicator of market conditions, but it is not necessarily an exact measure of profitability for any one specific generator. source: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=9911
It was possible from 1996 to 2002 to hedge or sell such a spread on Nymex by shorting electric power and buying the fuel used for generation – fuel oil, natural gas, or coal. http://dahl.mines.edu/tech1504.pdf
Applied Extrusion emerges from Chapter 11 Published: March 8, 2005. By Jennifer Inez Ward https://www.marketwatch.com/story/applied-extrusion-emerges-from-chapter-11. SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- Applied Extrusion Technologies aetcq said Tuesday afternoon that it has emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Through its plan of reorganization, it has gone private and holders of common stock will receive 15.6 cents a share. Chief Executive and Chairman Amin Khoury has also retired. The New Castle, Del.-based company also announced that it has closed its $125 million exit financing with GE Commercial Finance GE
August 02, 2004 02:00 AM AET set for Chapter 11, restructuring. RHODA MIE. https://www.plasticsnews.com/article/20040802/NEWS/308029999/aet-set-for-chapter-11-restructuring.
Dec. 2, 2004 APPLIED EXTRUSION FILES FOR BANKRUPTCY PROTECTION https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/02/business/company-news-applied-extrusion-files-for-bankruptcy-protection.html
"A source "directly supports" a given piece of material if the information is present explicitly in the source so that using this source to support the material is not a violation of Wikipedia:No original research. The location of any citation—including whether one is present in the article at all—is unrelated to whether a source directly supports the material. For questions about where and how to place citations, see Wikipedia:Citing sources, Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section § Citations, etc."
This user has access to the following sources:
In a 1923 journal article, Edith Franklin Wyatt (name) was generally favorable to the novel, praising Tarkington as "markedly competent in the characterization of age", citing his "remarkable genius in this direction as evinced in Seventeen and other tales of his." cite https://www.jstor.org/stable/25112847
PPG Industries Inc.
Year | $ millions |
---|---|
2013 [24] | $ 3,231 |
2014 [24] | $ 2,102 |
2015 [24] | $ 1,406 |
2016 [24] | $ 877 |
2017 [24] | $ 1,591 |
2018 [25] | $ 1,341 |
2019 [25] | $ 1,243 |
2020 [26] | $ 1,059 |
2021 [26] | $ 1,439 |
2022 [26] | $ 1,026 |
Zinoman NYT [27]
Claremont Review of Books [28]
In a 1923 journal article, Edith Franklin Wyatt (name) was generally favorable to the novel, praising Tarkington as "markedly competent in the characterization of age", citing his "remarkable genius in this direction as evinced in Seventeen and other tales of his." cite https://www.jstor.org/stable/25112847
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Link: Footnotes: using a named source more than once
Link: /info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citing_multiple_pages_of_the_same_source
You can name a reference by using the Ref Name field in the Cite Book template. Once named, you can invoke the reference using the named references icon in the menu bar. Or you can type the syntax by hand.
Example:
Plumville, Pennsylvania
first time a source is cited:
The north branch of
Plum Creek passes through Plumville.
[1]
second time the same source is cited:
Telephone service arrived around 1890.
[1]: 164
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IMDB is user-generated/self-published and not an acceptable source to cite. See /info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources
MySpace is not verifiable (author cannot be determined) and not acceptable source to cite. See /info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Verifiability#What_counts_as_a_reliable_source
This article needs additional citations for
verification. (May 2023) |
Greetings Wikipedians! I commend all the contributors for their efforts. But sadly, this article lacks inline citations to reliable, verifiable sources. There are no citations - none at all - in the following sections:
This violates Wikipedia's policy on verifiability (set forth
here: Wikipedia policy on verifiability), which states: "Even if you are sure something is true, it must be verifiable before you can add it....The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and it is satisfied by providing an inline citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution." I hope someone will step forward to remedy this problem. Readers who come to this article seeking knowledge need some way to verify that what they are reading is accurate and accepted by authorities in the field. Unsourced material is subject to being removed. My modest qualifications for this subject, such as they are, are set forth in my user profile. Cordially,
{{WikiProject Finance & Investment |class= |importance= }}
Box |
cell 1 | cell 2 | cell 3 |
cell 4 | cell 5 | cell 6 |
cell 7 | cell 8 | cell 9 |
Year | $ billions |
---|---|
2018 | $2.21 |
2019 | $2.17 |
2020 | ($2.59) |
2021 | $0.59 |
2022 | $1.03 |
![]() | |
Date | 2 April, 1891 |
---|---|
Location | Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania |
Cause | shot during labor unrest |
Casualties | |
9 dead |
/info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Subpages
Physics (inc. electricity)
Writing in the 1990s, several authorities observed that while closed-end funds sometimes trade at a premium, in then-recent years they had typically traded at a discount to their net asset value, and that the size of the discounts tended to vary considerably over time. (need reference)
In 2015, Forbes observed that it is not uncommon for closed-end funds at a discount to net asset value. https://www.forbes.com/sites/aberdeen/2015/08/12/why-closed-end-funds-can-trade-at-a-discount/?sh=508a483560d1
For calendar year 2022, the weekly financial newspaper Barron's reported that the closed-end fund sector as measured by the Herzfeld Average traded at a discount to net asset value during most of calendar year 2022. The average measures 15 closed-end funds that invest primarily in U.S. equiiies. [1]
Thomas Herzfeld, an investment adviser specializing in closed-end funds, believed that the appeal of these investments lay in the opportunity to buy them assets when discounts were large, and sell them when the discount narrowed.
In a 1991 paper professors Lee, Schleifer and Thaler identified three frequently-cited reasons for the discount:
The authors cast doubt on these popular beliefs and proposed another reason for the discount: that closed-end funds attract individual investors who follow certain trading models, incorrectly believe that they have little-known information about the pricing of the funds, and/or have unrealistic expectations.
Other reasons for the discount have been said to include: (cite Herzfeld):
"closed‐end fund prices systematically deviate from fundamental values. In this respect, fundamental value is measured by net asset value (NAV),...Typically closed‐end funds begin trading at a premium, but within a few months begin to trade persistently at a discount." https://academic.oup.com/book/27607/chapter-abstract/197670594?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Potential sources:
From http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph240/noordeh2/
NY Times review was less than positive, stating that Michener "...is not investigating the states of mind of those suffering from existential anxiety, of those fundamentally alienated from the world. He is setting down the log of a number of people who think they may be able to solve some problems by postponing consideration of them. ...those interested in knowing how a sympathetic member of the older generation views some of the shenanigans of the younger will find “The Drifters” a tolerable interlude, especially as it is spiced with travelogue evocations of foreign climes." [2]
‘God,’ says Karen Armstrong, is ‘a symbol of indescribable transcendence,’ ‘pointing beyond itself to an ineffable reality.’ This reality should not be thought of as a thing or person. We must not anthropomorphize God or make of him an idol, in the way the religious fundamentalists and literalists do. They too have misunderstood the meaning of the term. Rather, says Armstrong, ‘God’ is a symbol pointing us in the direction of something essentially unknowable, and certainly unknowable in a rational, intellectual way. Armstrong is an apophaticist, insisting that ‘the ultimate cannot be adequately expressed in any theoretical system, however august, because it lies beyond the reach of words and concepts.’ (source: https://spectrummagazine.org/node/2002/www.popmatters.com/pm/review/108939-the-case-for-god-by-karen-armstrong)
Cosmological argument: "claims that the existence of God can be inferred from facts concerning causation, explanation, change, motion, contingency, dependency, or finitude with respect to the universe or some totality of objects. A cosmological argument can also sometimes be referred to as an argument from universal causation, an argument from first cause, the causal argument, or prime mover argument."
Prime mover: "a concept advanced by Aristotle as a primary cause (or first uncaused cause) or "mover" of all the motion in the universe.The unmoved mover moves other things, but is not itself moved by any prior action."
"One interpretation of this signal is that markets expect monetary policy to ease as the Federal Reserve responds to an upcoming deterioration in economic conditions... Why should a negative term spread predict a recession? The expectations hypothesis posits that long-term interest rates are determined by expected future short-term rates. Because short-term rates are governed by monetary policy, investors should expect declines as a phase of monetary tightening transitions to monetary easing. As expected future short-term rates fall below current short-term rates, the yield curve inverts." https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/epr/08v14n1/0807rose.html
"If anticipate recession and lower interest rates, they try to lock in long-term yields, which drives down log-term interest rates.... Some argue that shape of yield curve contains implicit forecast of future interest rates..." [Thau p. 87]
"The inverted yield curve shows that investors aren’t sure of the long-term profitability of a company’s or government’s ability to pay a debt in a certain fixed time, may be demanding more money for short-term bonds, or are willing to accept lower rates for long-term bonds, out of concern for what’s coming in the future." [Forbes, Dec. 20, 2022, https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonytellez/2022/12/20/what-to-know-about-the-yield-curve-and-why-it-may-predict-a-recession/?sh=7ef7356d6f7d
"Investors' willingness to accept a lower yield for a lengthier maturity implies that they expect declining long-term interest rates....The corollary is the the Federal Reserve will begin to ease monetary policy." [3]
No sources cited.
Mine opening, Roaring Run Trail [4]
Problem of the creator of God User:BuzzWeiser196/subpage
{{US Census population |1930= |1940= |1950= |1960= |1970= |1980= |1990= |2000= |2010= |2020= 14,928 https://data.census.gov/profile?g=1600000US1352192
23,020 https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&cssp=SERP&q=Monroe%20CCD,%20Walton%20County,%20Georgia |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census [5]
Cliff Richard - Move It
/thenevadaindependent.com/article/how-energy-choice-went-from-a-slam-dunk-to-an-airball
In the top 10 fiction works per Hacket/Burke: 1949 - A Rage to Live 1955 - Ten North Frederick 1958 - From the Terrace 1960 - Ourselves to Know, Sermons and Soda Water 1963 - Elizabeth Appleton
Legal aspects:
Bio-ethics:
The population distribution by age was as follows: 21.8% under 18 years old; 5.9% between 18 to 24 years old, 22.3% between 25 to 44 years old, 30.4% from 45 to 64 years old, and 19.6% 65 years of age or older.
The book was a commercial success. It was the best-selling work of fiction in America for the year xxxx, according to Publishers Weekly. [6]
The book was a commercial success. It was one of the ten best-selling works of fiction in the United States for the year 1971 according to Publishers Weekly. [7] Reviewed in:
Also mentioned in:
Reinvestment risk' is one of the main genres of financial risk. The term describes the risk that cash flows earned from an business or investment must be invested at a lower rate of return than the funds that generated them. This can occur if the cash flows from the investment are somehow stopped and a new investment of equal attractiveness cannot be found. It is also a risk inherent in fixed income securities and loans.
When an investor buys a bond or other fixed income security, he or she faces the risk that interest rates could decrease thereafter. In that case, it may be necessary to reinvest interest payments and/or principal at a lower rate of interest than expected when the bond was purchased. Should that occur, the investor could earn an investment return less than the yield to maturity calculated when the bond was acquired.
It could also occur if a fixed income security is called prior to scheduled maturity or a loan is repaid earlier than expected.
Pension funds are also subject to reinvestment risk especially with the short-term nature of cash investments there is always the risk that future proceeds will have to be reinvested at a lower interest rate.
family web site:
https://sites.rootsweb.com/~saxman/saxman/index.htm
includes obituary:
https://sites.rootsweb.com/~saxman/saxman/obitmathias.htm
Westmoreland coal strike wiki article: references Latrobe Bulletin 1954 story
Mulkearn, Lois and Pugh, Edwin V. A Traveler's Guide to Historic Western Pennsylvania. 1954. University of Pittsburgh Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=lNYpcxnoSXsC
Pittsburgh Leader. The Book of Prominent Pennsylvanians: A Standard Reference. Leader Publishing Company. 1913.
https://books.google.com/books?id=K-QDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=Latrobe-Connellsville+Coal+%26+Coke+Company&source=bl&ots=5SbYwwESBi&sig=ACfU3U2SFbwO7R9bkOTbktZ_kne_sVnI9w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiK-5bi8oroAhV0ZTUKHVbaAIQQ6AEwAnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false
Smith, Helene and Swetnam, George. A Guidebook to Historic Western Pennsylvania. 1991. https://books.google.com/books?id=seU_PgAACAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions
Muller, Edward K. and Carlisle, Ronald C. (1994). WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA: An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. pp. 106–107.
https://archive.org/stream/westmorelandcoun00mull/westmorelandcoun00mull_djvu.txt
https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/CRGIS_Attachments/Survey/1994-H001-129.pdf
Pennsylvania State University Libraries. Pennsylvania Mines and Mining. Information and resources about Pennsylvania mining and mineral resources.
http://guides.libraries.psu.edu/c.php?g=332704&p=2236157
U.S.Census Bureau. Income and Poverty Estimates.
https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/saipe/#/?map_geoSelector=aa_c
Washlaski, Raymond A. Virtual Museum of Coal Mining in Western Pennsylvania.
https://web.archive.org/web/20150906163659/http://patheoldminer.rootsweb.ancestry.com/
Washlaski, Raymond A. DERRY TWP. MINES: HISTORY OF THE COAL MINES & COKE WORKS OF DERRY TOWNSHIP, WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A.
https://www.academia.edu/37966601/DERRY_TWP._MINES._History_of_the_Coal_Mines_and_Coke_Works_of_Derry_Township_Westmoreland_County_Pennsylvania_U.S.A._Including_an_Index_to_the_Coal_Mines_and_Coal_Companies_of_Derry_Township_Westmoreland_County_Pennsylvania_U.S.A._
Moodys: Baa3 https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-upgrades-Plains-All-Americans-notes-to-Baa3--PR_458051
earnings history: 10-k, 2021: https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1070423/000107042322000006/paa-20211231.htm Diluted net income atrib to Plains All American Pipeline LP: p. 75 (millions) 2021 593 2020 (2,590) 2019 2,171
DRAFT: Capital structure is an important issue in setting rates charged to customers by regulated utilities in the United States. Ratemaking practice in the U.S. holds that a utility's rates should be set at a level that assures that the company can provide reliable service at reasonable cost. The cost of capital is among the costs a utility must be allowed to recover, and depends on the company's capital structure. The utility company is free to choose its own capital structure, but regulators determine the capital structure and cost of capital used to set rates paid by customers.
ARTICLE: Bruce M. Louiselle Jean E. Heilman. The Case for the Use of an Appropriate Capital Structure in Utility Ratemaking: The General Rule Versus Minnesota. William Mitchell Law Review 1982. Mitchell Hamline School of Law. https://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2654&context=wmlr "It is a fundamental principle of public utility regulation that regulatory commissions have the responsibility of assuring that the utilities provide reliable service at reasonable cost. Since the cost of capital forms a part of the total cost that a utility must be allowed to recover, and the cost of capital depends among other things on the capital structure, it is incumbent upon the commission to choose the capital structure that produces a reasonable cost of capital. This is not to say that the actual capital structure can- not produce reasonable results; it can. If it can be shown, however, that the actual capital structure (or the one proposed by the com- pany) is imprudent and unreasonable, the commission must reject it and base the fair overall rate of return on a reasonable, albeit hypothetical, capital structure."
BuzzWeiser196 • talk • contributions •
Wikipedia:WikiProject Pennsylvania
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The Back of the World; The troubling genius of G. K. Chesterton. By Adam Gopnik. June 30, 2008 https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/07/07/the-back-of-the-world .......
![]() | This article may require
copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (December 2019) |
In 1875, the Louisiana Legislature declared Mardi Gras a legal holiday in the state of Louisiana, United States. [9] The holiday is observed on the day before Ash Wednesday (also known as Fat Tuesday). [10] [11] [12]
Establishment of the state holiday made it possible for people to celebrate Mardi Gras legally. However, critics maintain that it also facilitated antisocial behavior which occurs during the festival, such drunkenness, drug abuse and violence against individuals and businesses. Laws against concealing one's identity with a mask are suspended for the day. Hence, individuals may hide their faces with masks and costumes, which may lead to increased criminal activity during the festival period.[ citation needed]
1 Sept 1939 - Germany invades Poland
December 7, 1941 - Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
11 December 1941 - Germany declares war on U.S.
8 Nov 1942 - Allies land in N. Africa
3 Sept 1943 - Allies invade Italian mainland
June 6, 1944 - Allies land in Normandy
March 1945 - Allies cross the Rhine
30 April, 1945 - Allies capture Reichstag
7 May, 1945 - Germany surrenders
August 1945 - US uses atomic bombs
2 September 1945 - Japan signs surrender documents
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Category:Mardi Gras in New Orleans Category:1875 in Louisiana
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In finance, the yield curve is a graph which depicts the relationship between the yields on a selected class of debt instruments - such as bonds - of similar credit quality and successively increasing maturities. [1] [2]
Typically, the graph's horizontal or x-axis is a time line of months or years, with the shortest maturity on the left and progressively longer time periods on the right. The vertical or y-axis depicts the annualized yield to maturity.
Investors use the relationships depicted in yield curves to make decisions on how to price debt securities traded in public markets, and to set yields on all other sectors of the debt market, including bank loans and mortgages. [3]
A standard measure of its slope is the difference between two- and ten-year interest rates. The wider the gap is, the steeper the slope.
(Caption))Difference ("spread") between yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury notes compared to 2-year Treasury notes.