Species and subspecies | Wild ancestor | Date | Location of origin | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dog (Canis familiaris) [1] | Extinct Pleistocene population of Gray wolf (Canis lupus) [2] | 13000 BCE [3] [4] | Europe [4] | Pets, hunting, herding, guarding, pest control, transportation, draft, working, show, racing, sport, meat, rescuing, guiding, fighting, service, research, policing, narcotics detection, patrol, f |
![]() |
Tame (with exceptions), [5] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes | Domestic and feral dogs both very common, [5] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common but not rare | 1c Carnivora |
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) | Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) | 10000 BCE [6] [7] [8] | Iran | milk, meat, fibre, skin, show, racing, fighting, clearing land, pets, horns, guarding, weed control |
![]() |
Slight physical changes | Common in captivity, threatened in wild, feral goats common | 1b Bovidae |
Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) | Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus), [9] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis) [10] | 9000 BCE [11] [12] [13] [14] | Western Asia, China | meat, leather, research, show, racing, fighting, truffles, pets, tusks, guarding, manure, weed control |
![]() |
Some physical changes | Common in the wild. Much more common in captivity. Feral animals common in some areas. | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Sheep (Ovis aries) [1] | Unknown ancestor, [15] possibly Armenian mouflon (Ovis orientalis gmelini) | 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE [16] | Anatolia, Zagros mountains | fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum, pets, show, racing, research, guarding, fighting, ornamental, horns, lawn mowing, weed control |
![]() |
Some physical changes | Common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 1b Bovidae |
Cattle (Bos taurus) [1] | Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius)† | 8000 BCE [17] [18] | Western Asia | meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, guarding, dung, mount, fibre, weed control |
|
Some physical changes | Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral cattle fairly common | 1b Bovidae |
Zebu (Bos taurus indicus) [1] | Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† | 8000 BCE | India | meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, dung, mount |
|
Considerable physical changes | Wild relatives extinct, common in captivity | 1b Bovidae |
Cat (Felis catus) [1] | African wildcat (Felis lybica) [19] | 8000–7500 BCE [19] | Near East | pets, pest control, show, pelt, research |
![]() |
Tame, some physical changes | Very abundant in captivity, true wildcats less abundant though not rare. Feral populations very common. | 1c Carnivora |
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) | Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the Grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) | 6000 BCE [20] | India and Southeast Asia | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, show, racing, ornamental, fighting, pest control, pets, guarding, manure, weed control |
![]() |
Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes | Very common in captivity and the wild | 2b Galliformes |
Domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) | Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) | 5000 BCE [21] | Peru | pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control |
![]() |
Tame, slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity and the wild | 1d Rodentia |
Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) | Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus), Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis) [22] | 5000 BCE [23] [24] | Egypt | transportation, working, plowing, draft, mount, meat, milk, pets, racing, guarding, lawn mowing, patrol, manure, weed control |
![]() |
Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity and as feral animals, wild animals critically endangered, | 1e Other mammals |
Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) | Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) | 4000 BCE | China | meat, feathers, eggs, pets, show, racing, ornamental, guarding, pest control, weed control |
![]() |
Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild | 2a Anseriformes |
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) [1] | Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) | 4000 BCE | India, China, Philippines | working, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, meat, show, racing, milk, pets, horns, patrol, dung |
![]() |
Mainly unchanged from wild animal | Common in captivity, endangered in the wild | 1b Bovidae |
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), including subspecies Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia) | Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia) | 4000 BCE (1880s for A.m. ligustica, modern for A.m. mellifera, uncertain for A.m. carnica, A.m. caucasia and A.m. cecropia) | Europe, Asia and Africa | honey, wax, pollination, pollen, brood, royal jelly, propolis |
![]() |
Some physical and behavioral changes. Domestication status is a point of contention. See Western honey bee for details. | Very common in captivity, feral populations common, wild status unclear [25] | 6a Hymenoptera |
Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) | Thomas' camel (Camelus thomasi)† [26] | 4000 BCE | Arabia | transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, show, racing, fighting, milk, meat, pets, patrol, hair, weed control |
![]() |
Tame, few physical changes | Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, true wild dromedaries may be extinct | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Horse (Equus ferus caballus) | Extinct unknown population of Wild horse possibly Tarpan (Equss ferus ferus) [27] | 3500 BCE [28] | Kazakhstan | transportation, milk, meat, working, guiding, servicing, herding, hunting, execution, plowing, draft, mount, patrol fighting, show, racing, pets, hair, manure |
![]() |
Tame, some physical changes, mainly in coloration | Common in captivity, very rare in wild, feral populations common | 1e Other mammals |
Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina mori) | Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) | 3000 BCE | China | silk, animal feed, pets, meat |
![]() |
Tame/held captive, some physical changes | Fairly common in captivity, wild extent unclear | 6b Other insects |
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) | Rock dove (Columba livia) | 3000 BCE | Mediterranean Basin | show, ornamental, messenger, meat, racing, pets |
![]() |
Artificially selected into many varieties, including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds, and fancy plumage breeds | Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral pigeons extremely abundant | 2c Columbiformes |
Domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) | Greylag goose (Anser anser) and Swan goose (A. cygnoides) | 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides. [29] | Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) | meat, feathers, eggs, show, guarding, pest control, pets, weed control |
|
Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity and the wild | 2a Anseriformes |
Yak (Bos grunniens) [1] | Wild yak (Bos mutus) | 2500 BCE | Tibet, Nepal | milk, transportation, working, plowing, mount, racing, fighting, meat, fibre, guarding, pets, horns, patrol, dung |
![]() |
Tame, slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild. | 1b Bovidae |
Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) | Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) | 2500 BCE | Central Asia ( Afghanistan) | milk, transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, show, racing, meat, hair, pets |
![]() |
Tame, few physical changes | Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Llama (Lama glama) [1] | Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis) [30] | 2400 BCE [31] | Peru, Bolivia | transportation, working, draft, pack, meat, show, racing, pets, guarding, weed control, fibre |
![]() |
Slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity and the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) [1] | Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis) [30] | 2400 BCE [31] | Peru, Bolivia | fibre, meat, show, pets, guarding, milk, lawn mowing, weed control |
![]() |
Considerable physical changes | Fairly common in captivity and the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris) | West African guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) | 2400 BCE [32] | Africa | meat, eggs, pest control, show, alarming, pets, guarding, manure |
![]() |
Mainly unaltered from wild population | Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild | 2b Galliformes |
Fuegian dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† | Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) | Date uncertain [33] | Chile | hunting, pets, warmth, guarding |
![]() |
Tame, slight physical changes | Extinct in captivity | 1c Carnivora |
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) | European polecat (Mustela putorius) | 1500 BCE [34] | Europe | pets, hunting, pest control, show, racing |
![]() |
Tame, slight physical changes | Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild. Feral ferrets rare | 1c Carnivora |
Domestic muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) | Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) | 700–600 BCE [31] | South America | meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, guarding, pest control |
![]() |
Tame, some physical changes | Common in captivity, feral populations are rare | 2a Anseriformes |
Barbary dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea risoria) | African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) | 500 BCE | North Africa | show, pets, meat |
![]() |
Slight physical changes | Common in captivity and feral populations | 2c Columbiformes |
Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) | Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) | Date uncertain | Southeast Asia, Bali | meat, milk, show, racing, working, plowing, draft, horns |
|
Slight physical changes | Common in captivity, endangered in the wild | 1b Bovidae |
Gayal (Bos frontalis) [1] | Gaur (Bos gaurus) | Date uncertain | Southeast Asia, Northeast India | meat, milk, horns |
|
Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 1b Bovidae |
Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) | South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) | 180 CE [31] | Mexico | meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, pest control, guarding, manure |
![]() |
Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity and wild | 2b Galliformes |
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) | Wild goldfish (Carassius auratus) [35] | 300 CE to 400 CE | China | pets, show, racing, ornamental, pest control |
![]() |
Tame/held captive, significant physical changes | Very common and abundant in captivity, wild extent is unclear | 5a Cyprinidae |
Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) | Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus) [36] | 600 CE [37] | Europe | pelt, fibre, pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control |
![]() |
Tame, significant physical changes | Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range | 1e Other mammals |
Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) | Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) | 11th Century CE | Japan | ornamental, show, pets |
![]() |
Tame/held captive, considerable physical changes | Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 5a Cyprinidae |
Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) | Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) | 15th century CE | Canary Islands, Europe | pets, research, show, mining, fighting |
|
Slight physical changes | Common in captivity and wild | 2d Passeriformes |
Society finch (Lonchura striata domestica) | White-rumped munia (Lonchura striata) | unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE [38] | Japan | pets, research |
|
Slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity; does not exist in the wild | 2d Passeriformes |
Fancy mouse and laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) | House mouse (Mus musculus) | 1100 BCE (China), then 17th century CE (Europe) [39] | China | pets, research, racing, animal feed |
![]() |
Tame, significant physical changes | Common in captivity and in the wild | 1d Rodentia |
Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) | Uncertain species of the genus Betta | 19th century CE | Thailand | fighting, pets |
![]() |
Tame/held captive, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes | 5b Other fish | |
Fancy rat and laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) | Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) | 19th century CE [40] | United Kingdom | pets, research, show |
![]() |
Tame, some physical and psychological changes | Common in captivity and in the wild | 1d Rodentia |
Domestic mink (Neovison vison domesticus) [41] | American mink (Neovison vison) | 19th century CE | North America | fur, hunting, pest control, pets | ![]() |
Some physical and psychological changes | Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild | 1c Carnivora |
Domesticated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) | Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) | 1950s CE | Soviet Union, Russia | pelt, research, pets |
![]() |
Tame, some physical changes | Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common | 1c Carnivora |
Domestic hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris domestica) | Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) | 1980s CE | Central and Eastern Africa | pets |
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Slight physical changes | Common in the wild. Somewhat rare in captivity | 1e Other mammals |
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata some strains) [42] | Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) | Date uncertain | Barbados, Brazil, Guyana | pets |
![]() |
Tame/held in captivity, significant physical changes | Common in captivity | 5b Other fish |
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Species and subspecies | Wild ancestor | Date | Location of origin | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dog (Canis familiaris) [1] | Extinct Pleistocene population of Gray wolf (Canis lupus) [2] | 13000 BCE [3] [4] | Europe [4] | Pets, hunting, herding, guarding, pest control, transportation, draft, working, show, racing, sport, meat, rescuing, guiding, fighting, service, research, policing, narcotics detection, patrol, f |
![]() |
Tame (with exceptions), [5] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes | Domestic and feral dogs both very common, [5] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common but not rare | 1c Carnivora |
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) | Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) | 10000 BCE [6] [7] [8] | Iran | milk, meat, fibre, skin, show, racing, fighting, clearing land, pets, horns, guarding, weed control |
![]() |
Slight physical changes | Common in captivity, threatened in wild, feral goats common | 1b Bovidae |
Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) | Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus), [9] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis) [10] | 9000 BCE [11] [12] [13] [14] | Western Asia, China | meat, leather, research, show, racing, fighting, truffles, pets, tusks, guarding, manure, weed control |
![]() |
Some physical changes | Common in the wild. Much more common in captivity. Feral animals common in some areas. | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Sheep (Ovis aries) [1] | Unknown ancestor, [15] possibly Armenian mouflon (Ovis orientalis gmelini) | 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE [16] | Anatolia, Zagros mountains | fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum, pets, show, racing, research, guarding, fighting, ornamental, horns, lawn mowing, weed control |
![]() |
Some physical changes | Common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 1b Bovidae |
Cattle (Bos taurus) [1] | Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius)† | 8000 BCE [17] [18] | Western Asia | meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, guarding, dung, mount, fibre, weed control |
|
Some physical changes | Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral cattle fairly common | 1b Bovidae |
Zebu (Bos taurus indicus) [1] | Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† | 8000 BCE | India | meat, milk, leather, hides, working, plowing, draft, vellum, blood, transportation, soil fertilization, fighting, show, racing, pets, horns, dung, mount |
|
Considerable physical changes | Wild relatives extinct, common in captivity | 1b Bovidae |
Cat (Felis catus) [1] | African wildcat (Felis lybica) [19] | 8000–7500 BCE [19] | Near East | pets, pest control, show, pelt, research |
![]() |
Tame, some physical changes | Very abundant in captivity, true wildcats less abundant though not rare. Feral populations very common. | 1c Carnivora |
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) | Red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the Grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) | 6000 BCE [20] | India and Southeast Asia | meat, eggs, feathers, leather, show, racing, ornamental, fighting, pest control, pets, guarding, manure, weed control |
![]() |
Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes | Very common in captivity and the wild | 2b Galliformes |
Domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) | Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) | 5000 BCE [21] | Peru | pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control |
![]() |
Tame, slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity and the wild | 1d Rodentia |
Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) | Nubian wild ass (Equus africanus africanus), Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis) [22] | 5000 BCE [23] [24] | Egypt | transportation, working, plowing, draft, mount, meat, milk, pets, racing, guarding, lawn mowing, patrol, manure, weed control |
![]() |
Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity and as feral animals, wild animals critically endangered, | 1e Other mammals |
Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) | Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) | 4000 BCE | China | meat, feathers, eggs, pets, show, racing, ornamental, guarding, pest control, weed control |
![]() |
Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild | 2a Anseriformes |
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) [1] | Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) | 4000 BCE | India, China, Philippines | working, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, meat, show, racing, milk, pets, horns, patrol, dung |
![]() |
Mainly unchanged from wild animal | Common in captivity, endangered in the wild | 1b Bovidae |
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), including subspecies Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia) | Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), Italian bee (A. mellifera ligustica), European dark bee (A. mellifera mellifera), Carniolan honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) and Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasia), Greek bee (A. mellifera cecropia) | 4000 BCE (1880s for A.m. ligustica, modern for A.m. mellifera, uncertain for A.m. carnica, A.m. caucasia and A.m. cecropia) | Europe, Asia and Africa | honey, wax, pollination, pollen, brood, royal jelly, propolis |
![]() |
Some physical and behavioral changes. Domestication status is a point of contention. See Western honey bee for details. | Very common in captivity, feral populations common, wild status unclear [25] | 6a Hymenoptera |
Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) | Thomas' camel (Camelus thomasi)† [26] | 4000 BCE | Arabia | transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, show, racing, fighting, milk, meat, pets, patrol, hair, weed control |
![]() |
Tame, few physical changes | Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, true wild dromedaries may be extinct | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Horse (Equus ferus caballus) | Extinct unknown population of Wild horse possibly Tarpan (Equss ferus ferus) [27] | 3500 BCE [28] | Kazakhstan | transportation, milk, meat, working, guiding, servicing, herding, hunting, execution, plowing, draft, mount, patrol fighting, show, racing, pets, hair, manure |
![]() |
Tame, some physical changes, mainly in coloration | Common in captivity, very rare in wild, feral populations common | 1e Other mammals |
Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina mori) | Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) | 3000 BCE | China | silk, animal feed, pets, meat |
![]() |
Tame/held captive, some physical changes | Fairly common in captivity, wild extent unclear | 6b Other insects |
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) | Rock dove (Columba livia) | 3000 BCE | Mediterranean Basin | show, ornamental, messenger, meat, racing, pets |
![]() |
Artificially selected into many varieties, including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds, and fancy plumage breeds | Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral pigeons extremely abundant | 2c Columbiformes |
Domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) | Greylag goose (Anser anser) and Swan goose (A. cygnoides) | 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides. [29] | Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) | meat, feathers, eggs, show, guarding, pest control, pets, weed control |
|
Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity and the wild | 2a Anseriformes |
Yak (Bos grunniens) [1] | Wild yak (Bos mutus) | 2500 BCE | Tibet, Nepal | milk, transportation, working, plowing, mount, racing, fighting, meat, fibre, guarding, pets, horns, patrol, dung |
![]() |
Tame, slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild. | 1b Bovidae |
Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) | Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) | 2500 BCE | Central Asia ( Afghanistan) | milk, transportation, working, hunting, plowing, draft, mount, fighting, show, racing, meat, hair, pets |
![]() |
Tame, few physical changes | Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Llama (Lama glama) [1] | Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis) [30] | 2400 BCE [31] | Peru, Bolivia | transportation, working, draft, pack, meat, show, racing, pets, guarding, weed control, fibre |
![]() |
Slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity and the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) [1] | Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis) [30] | 2400 BCE [31] | Peru, Bolivia | fibre, meat, show, pets, guarding, milk, lawn mowing, weed control |
![]() |
Considerable physical changes | Fairly common in captivity and the wild | 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae |
Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris) | West African guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) | 2400 BCE [32] | Africa | meat, eggs, pest control, show, alarming, pets, guarding, manure |
![]() |
Mainly unaltered from wild population | Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild | 2b Galliformes |
Fuegian dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† | Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) | Date uncertain [33] | Chile | hunting, pets, warmth, guarding |
![]() |
Tame, slight physical changes | Extinct in captivity | 1c Carnivora |
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) | European polecat (Mustela putorius) | 1500 BCE [34] | Europe | pets, hunting, pest control, show, racing |
![]() |
Tame, slight physical changes | Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild. Feral ferrets rare | 1c Carnivora |
Domestic muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) | Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) | 700–600 BCE [31] | South America | meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, guarding, pest control |
![]() |
Tame, some physical changes | Common in captivity, feral populations are rare | 2a Anseriformes |
Barbary dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea risoria) | African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) | 500 BCE | North Africa | show, pets, meat |
![]() |
Slight physical changes | Common in captivity and feral populations | 2c Columbiformes |
Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) | Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) | Date uncertain | Southeast Asia, Bali | meat, milk, show, racing, working, plowing, draft, horns |
|
Slight physical changes | Common in captivity, endangered in the wild | 1b Bovidae |
Gayal (Bos frontalis) [1] | Gaur (Bos gaurus) | Date uncertain | Southeast Asia, Northeast India | meat, milk, horns |
|
Slight physical changes | Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 1b Bovidae |
Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) | South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) | 180 CE [31] | Mexico | meat, feathers, eggs, show, pets, pest control, guarding, manure |
![]() |
Considerable physical changes | Common in captivity and wild | 2b Galliformes |
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) | Wild goldfish (Carassius auratus) [35] | 300 CE to 400 CE | China | pets, show, racing, ornamental, pest control |
![]() |
Tame/held captive, significant physical changes | Very common and abundant in captivity, wild extent is unclear | 5a Cyprinidae |
Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) | Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus) [36] | 600 CE [37] | Europe | pelt, fibre, pets, show, racing, research, meat, lawn mowing, weed control |
![]() |
Tame, significant physical changes | Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range | 1e Other mammals |
Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) | Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) | 11th Century CE | Japan | ornamental, show, pets |
![]() |
Tame/held captive, considerable physical changes | Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild | 5a Cyprinidae |
Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) | Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) | 15th century CE | Canary Islands, Europe | pets, research, show, mining, fighting |
|
Slight physical changes | Common in captivity and wild | 2d Passeriformes |
Society finch (Lonchura striata domestica) | White-rumped munia (Lonchura striata) | unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE [38] | Japan | pets, research |
|
Slight physical changes | Fairly common in captivity; does not exist in the wild | 2d Passeriformes |
Fancy mouse and laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) | House mouse (Mus musculus) | 1100 BCE (China), then 17th century CE (Europe) [39] | China | pets, research, racing, animal feed |
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Tame, significant physical changes | Common in captivity and in the wild | 1d Rodentia |
Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) | Uncertain species of the genus Betta | 19th century CE | Thailand | fighting, pets |
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Tame/held captive, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes | 5b Other fish | |
Fancy rat and laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) | Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) | 19th century CE [40] | United Kingdom | pets, research, show |
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Tame, some physical and psychological changes | Common in captivity and in the wild | 1d Rodentia |
Domestic mink (Neovison vison domesticus) [41] | American mink (Neovison vison) | 19th century CE | North America | fur, hunting, pest control, pets | ![]() |
Some physical and psychological changes | Somewhat common in captivity and in the wild | 1c Carnivora |
Domesticated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) | Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) | 1950s CE | Soviet Union, Russia | pelt, research, pets |
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Tame, some physical changes | Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common | 1c Carnivora |
Domestic hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris domestica) | Four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) | 1980s CE | Central and Eastern Africa | pets |
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Slight physical changes | Common in the wild. Somewhat rare in captivity | 1e Other mammals |
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata some strains) [42] | Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) | Date uncertain | Barbados, Brazil, Guyana | pets |
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Tame/held in captivity, significant physical changes | Common in captivity | 5b Other fish |
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