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The digraph dh (also written ḋ, especially in Gaelic type) represents the lenition of d, both synchronically (word-initial position only) and historically (mostly word-internally and finally). Word-initially, dh is pronounced /ɣ/ when broad and /j/ when slender, as in dhorn /ɣoːɾˠn̪ˠ/ "fist" (lenited) and dhearg /ˈjaɾˠəg/ "red" (lenited). Noninitially, broad dh is not pronounced directly at all in most circumstances, but it can have an effect on how neighboring vowels are pronounced.
| word-initially
Silent after a
long vowel
|
ádh /aː/ "luck"
|-
| slender
| /j/
| , fáidh /fˠaːj/ "prophet"
|-
| colspan=3 | See
vowel chart for adh, aidh, eadh, eidh, idh, oidh, odh. See
Special pronunciations in verb forms for -dh at the end of verbs.
|- | adh(a(i)) | stressed | /ai/ | adhairt /aiɾˠtʲ/ "pillow", Tadhg /t̪ˠaig/ (man's name) |- | rowspan="2" | adh | unstressed | /ə/ | margadh /ˈmˠaɾˠəgə/ "market" | rowspan=3 | aidh, aigh | stressed | /ai/ | aidhm /aimʲ/ "aim", saighdiúir /ˈsˠaidʲuːrʲ/ "soldier" |- | unstressed | /iː/ | cleachtaidh /ˈclʲaxt̪ˠiː/ "practice" (genitive), bacaigh /ˈbˠakiː/ "beggar" (genitive) | eadh(a(i) | stressed | /ai/ | meadhg /mʲaig/ "whey" |- | rowspan=2 | -eadh | unstressed | /ə/ | briseadh /ˈbʲɾʲɪʃə/ "breaking"
colspan=2 | eidh(i/ea), eigh(i/ea)
| /ai/ | feidhm /fʲaimʲ/ "function", leigheas /lʲaisˠ/ "healing" rowspan="2" | idh, igh | unstressed | /iː/ | tuillidh /ˈt̪ˠɪlʲiː/ "addition" (gen.), coiligh /ˈkɛlʲiː/ "rooster" (gen.) | colspan=2 | obh(a(i)), odh(a(i)), ogh(a(i)) | /au/ | lobhar /ɫ̪auɾˠ/ "leper", bodhar /bˠauɾˠ/ "deaf", rogha /ɾˠau/ "choice" | colspan=2 | oidh(i/ea), oigh(i/ea) | /ai/ | oidhre /airʲə/ "heir", loighic /ɫ̪aic/ "logic" In the imperfect, conditional, and imperative, -dh is pronounced /tʲ/ before a pronoun beginning with s-:
Otherwise it is pronounced /x/:
In the preterite impersonal, -dh is pronounced /w/:
-(a)idh and -(a)igh are pronounced /ə/ before a pronoun, otherwise /iː/:
dh as /g/ in Donegal: Quiggin §429, Teelin §117
feadh (also > /g/ in Munster), fiodh, fliodh, sniodh
eagh(a(i)): seaghais/seaghsach, teaghair/teaghrán, teaghlach, treaghd/treaghdán
![]() | This is not a Wikipedia article: It is an individual user's work-in-progress page, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable. Find sources:
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TWL |
The digraph dh (also written ḋ, especially in Gaelic type) represents the lenition of d, both synchronically (word-initial position only) and historically (mostly word-internally and finally). Word-initially, dh is pronounced /ɣ/ when broad and /j/ when slender, as in dhorn /ɣoːɾˠn̪ˠ/ "fist" (lenited) and dhearg /ˈjaɾˠəg/ "red" (lenited). Noninitially, broad dh is not pronounced directly at all in most circumstances, but it can have an effect on how neighboring vowels are pronounced.
| word-initially
Silent after a
long vowel
|
ádh /aː/ "luck"
|-
| slender
| /j/
| , fáidh /fˠaːj/ "prophet"
|-
| colspan=3 | See
vowel chart for adh, aidh, eadh, eidh, idh, oidh, odh. See
Special pronunciations in verb forms for -dh at the end of verbs.
|- | adh(a(i)) | stressed | /ai/ | adhairt /aiɾˠtʲ/ "pillow", Tadhg /t̪ˠaig/ (man's name) |- | rowspan="2" | adh | unstressed | /ə/ | margadh /ˈmˠaɾˠəgə/ "market" | rowspan=3 | aidh, aigh | stressed | /ai/ | aidhm /aimʲ/ "aim", saighdiúir /ˈsˠaidʲuːrʲ/ "soldier" |- | unstressed | /iː/ | cleachtaidh /ˈclʲaxt̪ˠiː/ "practice" (genitive), bacaigh /ˈbˠakiː/ "beggar" (genitive) | eadh(a(i) | stressed | /ai/ | meadhg /mʲaig/ "whey" |- | rowspan=2 | -eadh | unstressed | /ə/ | briseadh /ˈbʲɾʲɪʃə/ "breaking"
colspan=2 | eidh(i/ea), eigh(i/ea)
| /ai/ | feidhm /fʲaimʲ/ "function", leigheas /lʲaisˠ/ "healing" rowspan="2" | idh, igh | unstressed | /iː/ | tuillidh /ˈt̪ˠɪlʲiː/ "addition" (gen.), coiligh /ˈkɛlʲiː/ "rooster" (gen.) | colspan=2 | obh(a(i)), odh(a(i)), ogh(a(i)) | /au/ | lobhar /ɫ̪auɾˠ/ "leper", bodhar /bˠauɾˠ/ "deaf", rogha /ɾˠau/ "choice" | colspan=2 | oidh(i/ea), oigh(i/ea) | /ai/ | oidhre /airʲə/ "heir", loighic /ɫ̪aic/ "logic" In the imperfect, conditional, and imperative, -dh is pronounced /tʲ/ before a pronoun beginning with s-:
Otherwise it is pronounced /x/:
In the preterite impersonal, -dh is pronounced /w/:
-(a)idh and -(a)igh are pronounced /ə/ before a pronoun, otherwise /iː/:
dh as /g/ in Donegal: Quiggin §429, Teelin §117
feadh (also > /g/ in Munster), fiodh, fliodh, sniodh
eagh(a(i)): seaghais/seaghsach, teaghair/teaghrán, teaghlach, treaghd/treaghdán