Amujic/sandbox | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | |
Division: | |
Class: | |
Order: | |
Suborder: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | Rhizopogon
Fr. (1817)
|
Type species | |
Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. & Nordholm (1817)
| |
Species | |
Rhizopogon albidus |
Rhizopogon is a
genus of
ectomycorrhizal
Basidiomycetes that form
hypogeous sporocarps commonly referred to as
“false truffles”. The general morphological characters of Rhizopogon sporocarps are a
simplex or
duplex
peridium surrounding a
loculate
gleba that lacks a
columnella.
Basidiospores are produced upon
basidia that are borne within the fungal
hymenium that coats the interior surface of gleba locules. The peridium is often adorned with thick mycelial cords, also known as
rhizomorphs, that attach the sporocarp to the surrounding substrate. The scientific name
Rhizopogon is greek for 'root' (Rhiz-) 'beard' (-pogon) and this name was given in reference to the rhizmorphs found on sporocarps of many species.
Rhizopogon are primarily found in ectomycorrhizal association with trees in the family
Pinaceae and are especially common
symbionts of
pine,
fir, and
Douglas fir trees. Through their ectomycorrhizal relationships Rhizopogon are thought to play an important role in the ecology of
coniferous forests. Recent
micromorphological and
molecular phylogenetic study has established that Rhizopogon is a member of the
Boletales , closely related to
Suillus
[1]
The genus Rhizopogon occurs throughout the natural and introduced ranges of family Pinaceae trees. Though this range covers much of the
northern temperate zones, the diversity of Rhizopogon species is well characterized only in
North America and
Europe. There are currently over 150 recognized species of Rhizopogon. The morphology of Rhizopogon species is highly cryptic and characters vary greatly throughout sporocarp maturity. This has led to the description of multiple species from various developmental stages of a single fungus.
The genus Rhizopogon was first described from Europe by
Elias Magnus Fries in 1817
[2]. The North American
monograph was produced by
Alexander H. Smith in 1966
[3] with second author credits given
posthumously to
Sanford Myron Zeller due to his contributions to the study of the genus. A European monograph of Rhizopogon has also been published
[4]. In the recent past, molecular phylogenetic methods have allowed the revision of the taxonomic concepts of the genus Rhizopogon
[5]
Modern taxonomic concepts of the genus Rhizopogon recognize 5 subgenera of Rhizopogon [5]. These are subgenus Rhizopogon, subgenus Versicolores, subgenus Villosuli, subgenus Amylopogon, subgenus Roseoli.
Rhizopogon species have been established as a common component in the diet of many small mammals [6] [7] as well as deer [8] in Western North America. The viability of Rhizopogon spores is maintained [9] [10] and may even be increased after mammalian gut passage [9], making mammals an important dispersal vector for Rhizopogon.
Rhizopogon species are common members of the fungal communities that colonize the roots of trees during seedling establishment and persist into old growth stands [11] [12]. Rhizopogon spores are long lived in soil and the spores of some species can persist for at least 4 years with an increase in viability over time [13]. Rhizopogon seems to be especially common upon the roots of establishing tree seedlings following disturbance such as fire [14] or logging [15]. Rhizopogon are also abundant colonizers of pot cultivated [16] [14] [17] [18] and field cultivated [14] conifer seedlings growing in soil from conifer stands that lacked observations of Rhizopogon upon the roots of mature trees. These finding suggest that Rhizopogon species are an important factor in the recovery of conifer forests following disturbance.
The first intentional use of Rhizopogon species in forestry occurred in the early part of the 20th century when Rhizopogon luteolus was deliberately introduced into Pinus radiata plantations in Western Australia after it was observed to improve tree growth [19]. Since that time, Rhizopogon species have been widely studied as a component of managed forests. Rhizopogon species have been noted as common members of the ectomycorrhizal community colonizing tree roots of pine and Douglas-fir timber plantations [20]. Naturally occuring Rhizopogon roseolus (=rubescens) spores have even been shown to out-compete the spores of other ectomycorrhizal fungi in pine plantations even when competing spores were directly inoculated onto seedlings [21]. The survival rate and performance of pine [22] and Douglas-fir [23] plantation seedlings are increased after inoculation with Rhizopogon species.
Though many species of Rhizopogon are considered edible, most are not held in high culinary esteem [24]. A notable exception is Rhizopogon roseolus (=rubenscens) which is considered a delicacy in east Asia and especially in Japan where it is traditionally known as Shoro [25]. Techniques for the commercial cultivation of this fungus in pine plantations have been developed and applied with successful results in Japan and New Zealand [25].
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Amujic/sandbox | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | |
Division: | |
Class: | |
Order: | |
Suborder: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | Rhizopogon
Fr. (1817)
|
Type species | |
Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. & Nordholm (1817)
| |
Species | |
Rhizopogon albidus |
Rhizopogon is a
genus of
ectomycorrhizal
Basidiomycetes that form
hypogeous sporocarps commonly referred to as
“false truffles”. The general morphological characters of Rhizopogon sporocarps are a
simplex or
duplex
peridium surrounding a
loculate
gleba that lacks a
columnella.
Basidiospores are produced upon
basidia that are borne within the fungal
hymenium that coats the interior surface of gleba locules. The peridium is often adorned with thick mycelial cords, also known as
rhizomorphs, that attach the sporocarp to the surrounding substrate. The scientific name
Rhizopogon is greek for 'root' (Rhiz-) 'beard' (-pogon) and this name was given in reference to the rhizmorphs found on sporocarps of many species.
Rhizopogon are primarily found in ectomycorrhizal association with trees in the family
Pinaceae and are especially common
symbionts of
pine,
fir, and
Douglas fir trees. Through their ectomycorrhizal relationships Rhizopogon are thought to play an important role in the ecology of
coniferous forests. Recent
micromorphological and
molecular phylogenetic study has established that Rhizopogon is a member of the
Boletales , closely related to
Suillus
[1]
The genus Rhizopogon occurs throughout the natural and introduced ranges of family Pinaceae trees. Though this range covers much of the
northern temperate zones, the diversity of Rhizopogon species is well characterized only in
North America and
Europe. There are currently over 150 recognized species of Rhizopogon. The morphology of Rhizopogon species is highly cryptic and characters vary greatly throughout sporocarp maturity. This has led to the description of multiple species from various developmental stages of a single fungus.
The genus Rhizopogon was first described from Europe by
Elias Magnus Fries in 1817
[2]. The North American
monograph was produced by
Alexander H. Smith in 1966
[3] with second author credits given
posthumously to
Sanford Myron Zeller due to his contributions to the study of the genus. A European monograph of Rhizopogon has also been published
[4]. In the recent past, molecular phylogenetic methods have allowed the revision of the taxonomic concepts of the genus Rhizopogon
[5]
Modern taxonomic concepts of the genus Rhizopogon recognize 5 subgenera of Rhizopogon [5]. These are subgenus Rhizopogon, subgenus Versicolores, subgenus Villosuli, subgenus Amylopogon, subgenus Roseoli.
Rhizopogon species have been established as a common component in the diet of many small mammals [6] [7] as well as deer [8] in Western North America. The viability of Rhizopogon spores is maintained [9] [10] and may even be increased after mammalian gut passage [9], making mammals an important dispersal vector for Rhizopogon.
Rhizopogon species are common members of the fungal communities that colonize the roots of trees during seedling establishment and persist into old growth stands [11] [12]. Rhizopogon spores are long lived in soil and the spores of some species can persist for at least 4 years with an increase in viability over time [13]. Rhizopogon seems to be especially common upon the roots of establishing tree seedlings following disturbance such as fire [14] or logging [15]. Rhizopogon are also abundant colonizers of pot cultivated [16] [14] [17] [18] and field cultivated [14] conifer seedlings growing in soil from conifer stands that lacked observations of Rhizopogon upon the roots of mature trees. These finding suggest that Rhizopogon species are an important factor in the recovery of conifer forests following disturbance.
The first intentional use of Rhizopogon species in forestry occurred in the early part of the 20th century when Rhizopogon luteolus was deliberately introduced into Pinus radiata plantations in Western Australia after it was observed to improve tree growth [19]. Since that time, Rhizopogon species have been widely studied as a component of managed forests. Rhizopogon species have been noted as common members of the ectomycorrhizal community colonizing tree roots of pine and Douglas-fir timber plantations [20]. Naturally occuring Rhizopogon roseolus (=rubescens) spores have even been shown to out-compete the spores of other ectomycorrhizal fungi in pine plantations even when competing spores were directly inoculated onto seedlings [21]. The survival rate and performance of pine [22] and Douglas-fir [23] plantation seedlings are increased after inoculation with Rhizopogon species.
Though many species of Rhizopogon are considered edible, most are not held in high culinary esteem [24]. A notable exception is Rhizopogon roseolus (=rubenscens) which is considered a delicacy in east Asia and especially in Japan where it is traditionally known as Shoro [25]. Techniques for the commercial cultivation of this fungus in pine plantations have been developed and applied with successful results in Japan and New Zealand [25].
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
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cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
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link)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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