Genocide in Sudan

Background on the Darfur Genocide

"The [Sudanese] government [made up of Arabs] has launched scattered attacks on local African tribes for years. But when two main Darfuri rebel groups began retaliating against government positions in February 2003, Khartoum's leaders [intensified their campaign]... The Khartoum regime's motives in Darfur soon became clear: Its leaders are not only Islamists but Arabists, who believe blacks-even Muslims-are 'slaves.' " (From WorldMag.com.) Since 2003, Sudanese government forces and ethnic militia called "Janjaweed" have burned and destroyed hundreds of villages, killed and caused the deaths of possibly 200,000 people, and raped and assaulted thousands of women and girls, through humiliation, Arab women are alleged to have sung mocking and insulting songs even as their own men raped black Sudanese women ^[1]. As of November 2006, approximately two million displaced people live in camps in Darfur and at least 218,000 people have fled to neighboring Chad, where they live in refugee camps. In addition to the people displaced by the conflict, at least 1.7 million other people need some form of food assistance because the conflict has destroyed the local economy, markets, and trade in Darfur. ^[2], figures of the 20 years of genocide in S-Sudan: 2 million deaths, 4 million displaced ^[3], from the Daily Telegraph March 2009: "More than two million people died during the north-south war between 1983 and 2004". ^[4]

From 1500 to roughly 1800, most of what is now present-day Sudan was considered the Funj Sultanate of Sinnar. The Funj, an Arabized and Islamicized group, overthrew the Christian Kingdom of Nubia in 1504 and institutionalized Islam as the nationa religion. The Sinnar Sultunate and its sister sultuante in Darfur were well-known, an Arabized and Islamicized group, overthrew the Christian Kingdom of Nubia in 1504 and institutionalized Islam as the nationa religion. The Sinnar Sultunate and its sister sultuante in Darfur were well-known slave-raiding kingdoms, and the Muslim slaver-raiders of Sinnar and Darfur became a dominant regional force. Islam and Arabism were seen as the carriers of civilization, as Amir Idris calls it, and those who were not part of either were subject to subordination, exploitation and enslavement. At the time, agricultural and other "menial" labor was considered socially humiliating. Thus non-Muslim and non-Arab slavers, who did much of that work, were looked down upon and the Arabic-speaking riverain Muslims came to see themselves as culturally superior. it has been argued about Arabism being a product of enslavement." by (Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor's ^[5]) Jennifer Pekkinen ^[6].

In 'Genocide in Darfur' by (by Samuel Totten, Eric Markusen) pg. 30, it lays out the background that led to the current calamity, racist pan-Arabism by Libya's Arab supremacist legion action for Arab expansion in Chad in 1987, and that: Libya was not orchestrating a simple border raid on a poor country; it was pursuing a new strategy of pan-Arabism, couched in an emotionally charged ideology ^[7].

The Arabist Islamist regime that fought for Islamo fascism arabism and islamism ^[8], displaced over 5 million in southern Sudan, Islamist dictator Omar el-Bashir (Al-Bashir) ^[9] (supported by Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who met with him: Nuclear power available for Al-Bashir's Sudan... ^[10] and by Hezbollah ^[11] ), was charged with crimes against humanity, genocide by the ICC ^{[12] [13]} and faced an arrest warrant ^[14], yet the Arab League backed this Arabist monster ^[15] against the genocide charges, ^[16] which a writer described it: the Arab world in its entirety condemned the warrant and called it racial and colonially motivated. If this ever reflects anything at all, it only shows the world how racist Arabs indeed are. ^[17] Some hope that locking up Sudan's Al-Bashir could let in some light into the war-torn region where Arab racism seen as the curse of Sudan. This terrible virus is claimed to be most virulent in leaders with varying degrees of dark skin and West-African tribal marks—the Janjaweed. ^[18]

At the base of both genocides in Sudan, (on Christians in the South and on "fellow" Muslims in Darfur, who are blacks) is the Al Bashir regime's racism. The Arab Gathering, a shadowy Nazi type brotherhood deeply embedded in the Bashir regime, preaches a doctrine of Arab supremacy and a Sudan "cleansed" of non-Arabs. ^[19], Muammar Qaddafi who wanted to unify all of North Africa under Arab control and had a great deal of money and military power to support the Arabs in the region. Thousands of Libyan troops were sent to north Sudan to fight the South & had stationed troops in Darfur to help the Arabs in Chad, Qaddafi's belief in Arab superiority did a great deal to create hostility between the Arabs and the Africans in Sudan, especially in Darfur. ^[20]. From an essay 'Unsimplifying Darfur' ... The Chadian side of the story, in a nutshell, involves a warlord named Acyl Ahmed, who, as head of the Armée du Volcan, in the late 1970s and early 80s, was able to mobilize a large number of Chadian Arabs against Hissene Habre's Forces Armées du Nord ( FAN). Of all the Trojan horses produced by Colonel Gaddafi's stable Acyl was by far the most faithful. Although Acyl died in 1982, his pro-Arab ideology is still alive and well. For this much of the credit goes to Gaddafi. After suffering a major defeat in northern Chad at the hands of Hissène Habre in 1987 the Libyan leader turned his attention to Darfur. To carve out for himself another sphere of influence and hold aloft the banner of the "Arab Gathering" (Al tajammu al-arabi) -- a "militantly racist and pan-Arabist organization..." ^{[21] [22]}

In a more elaborate form, is in the book "Darfur: the ambiguous genocide" (By Gérard Prunier): At an old quarrel between Libya and Chad, another dimension, little noted at the time, was Gaddafi's racism. Part of his hostility to Tombalbaye's regime was due to the fact that the Chadian president was a black African and a Christian and that in his early "revolutionary" days Gaddafi was not only a strident Pan-Arabism but an Arab cultural supremacist as well. So from the beginning, Gaddafi's support for the rebellion acquired a very particular racial tinge where the zurka (a pejorative term used by Arab Bedouins on non-Arab Gourane of Libya, Chad and the Sudan) were suspected of siding with the "imperialists", while the "Arabs" became the very incarnation of "revolutionary" purity. Gadaffi had initially supported the Nimeiry regime in Khartom because he saw is as an "Arab Nationalist Revolutionary Movement" ^[23] and at a meeting in late 1971 had even offered him a merger of their two countries. He was particularly embittered when Nimeiry turned down his offer and instead negotiated a peace settlement with the black Christian Southerners in 1972. Disappointed in his plans for a peaceful "Arab Union" the Libyan leader then began to arrange for more for more radical means of achieving the same aims, and Darfur loomed large in the subversive plans for Sudan. In 1972 he created the Failaka al-Islamiya (Islamic Legion), which in his mind was to be a tool for the revolutionary unification and arabization of the region. in Darfur proper he supported the creation of the Tajammu al-Arabi (Arab Union), a military racist and pan-Arabist organization which stressed the "Arab" character of the province. The first target of the Failaka al-Islamiya was to be Chad and the second the Sudan. ^[24]

Definitions & causes

The Christian Science Monitor 2004 affirms that racism is at root of Sudan's Darfur crisis, that reluctance to call it genocide perpetuates hypocrisy in Afro-Arab relations, Arab militias is the racist, fundamentalist, and undemocratic Sudanese state ^[25], roughly speaking, the conflict is ethnic, majority is considered inferior by the privileged Arabist minority ^[26]. president Nimeiry of Sudan, 1969: "Sudan is the basis of the Arab thrust into the heart of Black Africa, the Arab civilizing mission." ^{[27] [28]}, the result of Arab racial superiority for ages. ^[29], an activist: Sudan has a regime that launched a military campaign on an unarmed population for no other reason than that they are not Arab ^[30], a writer at RaceandHistory.com calls it 'Arab Racism And Imperialism In Sudan' ^[31], Darfur crisis linked to Arab racism, Slavery ^[32], and this genocide has been described as an example of Arab racism at its worst ^[33]. Sudanese decry the "Apology of racism", that some Sudanese people of Arabic origin consider themselves superior than the indigenous Sudanese ^[34]. Der Spiegel writes about the Janjaweed: Sudan's War within a War - regime that uses tribal conflicts and Arab racism ^[35].

From 'The Emergence and Impacts of Islamic Radicalists" (Professor. Dr. Girma Yohannes Iyassu Menelik page 36): "The origin of Arab superiority ideology and racism is one of the main causes of the present ethnic cleansing and genocide in Darfur. This can be traced back to 1981, when a Libyan supported Sudanese group al-Tajammu' al-'Arabi (the Arab alliance) distributed pamphlets declaring that 'the Zurga (blacks) had ruled Darfur long enough and that it was time for Arabs to have their turn,' if neccessary by resorting to force, in 2004, under the leadership of Musa Hilal, one of the most powerful leaders of the Janjaweed militias Tajammu' al-'Arabi issued a dfirective that called upon its supporters to change the demographics of Darfur and clean it of its African tribes... since early and mid-1980s; Arabism has become sharper as a racial ideology in Sudan. The Darfur conflict raging since 2003, has given urgency to questions about Arabism, Islam, and race in Sudan. On an everyday level this racism is manifested by Arabs' deragetory term abid (slaves) attached with sexual violence and a series of rude slurs' -- to apply to western and southern." ^[36]

Scholars agree that Arabism in Darfur is increasingly racial or racist in the sense that it assumes a certain hierarchy of peoples. (From: "Arab Identity and Ideology in Sudan: The Politics of Language" by HJ Sharkey - 2007) ^[37] (African affairs, Volume 107, Author Royal African Society, Publisher Published for the Royal African Society by the Oxford University Press, 2008, Original from the University of California) ^[38]

Pundits of Sudan write about "Arab racism, Islamic bigotry and discriminatory practices are the most divisive issues in the Sudan" and its terrible effect, crimes on non-Arab Sudanese ^[39], the southern backlash to Islamization and Arabization boosted its Christian identity. Southerners now combine indigenous culture, Christianity, and general elements of Western culture to combat Islam and the associated imposition of Arab identity. ^[40].

Afro tall ( talk) 03:38, 23 March 2010 (UTC)