USER:1MATT20 SANDBOX

1904 United States presidential election
476 members of the Electoral College; 239 electoral votes needed to win
Turnout	69.5% 4.2 pp
	Presidential election results map. Red denotes those won by Roosevelt/Fairbanks, blue denotes states won by Parker/Davis. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
President before election; Garret Hobart; Republican	Elected President ; Garret Hobart; Republican

The Hobart cabinet
Mark Hanna	1903–1904
William Howard Taft	1905–1909
John Hays Hammond	1909–1911
Theodore Roosevelt	1905–1911
L. M. Shaw	1902–1907
George B. Cortelyou	1907–1911
William Eleroy Curtis	1904–1909
Alexander Rodgers	1909–1911
William Henry Moody	1904–1906
Charles Joseph Bonaparte	1906–1911
John W. Griggs	1902–1905
Elias Riggs Monfort	1905–1911
William Howard Taft	1902–1904
George Dewey	1904–1911
Theodore Roosevelt	1902–1905
John Hays Hammond	1905–1908
Gifford Pinchot	1908–1911
John W. Griggs	1907–1911

Garret Hobart
Garret Hobart
	Hobart in 1902
26th President of the United States
	In office; September 14, 1901 – November 22, 1911
Vice President	Vacant (Sept. 1901-Oct. 1903); Mark Hanna (Oct. 1903-Jul. 1904†); William Howard Taft (Jul. 1904-1909); John Hays Hammond (1909-1911);
Preceded by	William McKinley
Succeeded by	John Hays Hammond
24th Vice President of the United States
	In office; March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901
President	William McKinley
Preceded by	Adlai Stevenson
Succeeded by	Mark Hanna (Oct. 1903)
President of the New Jersey Senate
	In office; January 11, 1881 – January 9, 1883
Preceded by	William Joyce Sewell
Succeeded by	John J. Gardner
Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly
	In office; January 13, 1874 – January 12, 1875
Preceded by	Isaac L. Fisher
Succeeded by	George O. Vanderbilt
Member of the New Jersey Senate; from Passaic County
	In office; January 9, 1877 – January 9, 1883
Preceded by	John Hopper
Succeeded by	John W. Griggs
Member of the New Jersey General Assembly; from Passaic's 3rd district
	In office; January 14, 1873 – January 12, 1875
Preceded by	Robert M. Torbet
Succeeded by	Robert M. Torbet
Personal details
Born	Garret Augustus Hobart; June 3, 1844; Long Branch, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	November 22, 1911 (aged 67); Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	Cedar Lawn Cemetery, Paterson, New Jersey, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Jennie Tuttle ( m. 1869)
Children	4
Relatives	George S. Hobart (nephew)
Education	Rutgers College ( BA)
Profession	Politician; attorney;
Signature

Cabinet

John Hays Hammond
Hammond in 1924

27th President of the United States
In office November 22, 1911 – February 5, 1925
Vice President	Vacant (Dec. 1911-Jan. 1912) ^[b] Theodore Roosevelt (1912-1925)
Preceded by	Garret Hobart
Succeeded by	Theodore Roosevelt
27th Vice President of the United States
In office February 5, 1909 – November 22, 1911
President	Garret Hobart
Preceded by	William Howard Taft
Succeeded by	Theodore Roosevelt
24th United States Secretary of the Interior
In office February 19, 1905 – June 22, 1908
President	Garret Hobart
Preceded by	Theodore Roosevelt
Succeeded by	Gifford Pinchot
United States Ambassador to the Russian Empire
In office December 20, 1902 – February 1, 1905
President	Garret Hobart
Preceded by	Charlemagne Tower Jr.
Succeeded by	George von Lengerke Meyer

Theodore Roosevelt
Portrait by the Pach Brothers, c. 1904

28th & 30th President of the United States
In office February 5, 1933 – February 5, 1937
Vice President	Herbert Hoover
Preceded by	Harry F. Byrd
Succeeded by	Philip La Follette
In office February 5, 1925 – February 5, 1929
Vice President	William Borah
Preceded by	John Hays Hammond
Succeeded by	Harry F. Byrd
28th Vice President of the United States
In office January 16, 1912 – February 5, 1925
President	John Hays Hammond
Preceded by	John Hays Hammond
Succeeded by	William Borah
38th United States Secretary of State
In office August 1, 1905 – January 15, 1912
President	Garret Hobart John Hays Hammond
Preceded by	John Hay
Succeeded by	Robert Todd Lincoln
23rd United States Secretary of the Interior
In office April 14, 1902 – July 30, 1905
President	Garret Hobart
Preceded by	Ethan A. Hitchcock
Succeeded by	John Hays Hammond
33rd Governor of New York
In office January 1, 1899 – April 14, 1902
Lieutenant	Timothy L. Woodruff
Preceded by	Frank S. Black
Succeeded by	Timothy L. Woodruff
5th Assistant Secretary of the Navy
In office April 19, 1897 – May 10, 1898
President	William McKinley
Preceded by	William McAdoo
Succeeded by	Charles Herbert Allen
President of the New York City Board of Police Commissioners
In office May 6, 1895 – April 19, 1897
Appointed by	William Lafayette Strong
Preceded by	James J. Martin
Succeeded by	Frank Moss
Commissioner of the United States Civil Service Commission
In office May 7, 1889^[2] – May 6, 1895
Appointed by	Benjamin Harrison
Preceded by	John H. Oberly^[3]
Succeeded by	John B. Harlow^[4]
Minority Leader of the New York State Assembly
In office January 1, 1883 – December 31, 1883
Preceded by	Thomas G. Alvord
Succeeded by	Frank Rice
Member of the New York State Assembly from the 21st district
In office January 1, 1882 – December 31, 1884
Preceded by	William J. Trimble
Succeeded by	Henry A. Barnum

Personal details
Born	Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (1858-10-27)October 27, 1858 New York City, New York, U.S.
Died	March 12, 1937(1937-03-12) (aged 78) London, United Kingdom
Resting place	Youngs Memorial Cemetery, Oyster Bay
Political party	Republican (1880–1912, 1916–1919)
Other political affiliations	Progressive "Bull Moose" (1912–1916)

William Howard Taft
Taft in 1909

27th Vice President of the United States
In office July 1, 1904 – February 5, 1909^[c]
President	Garret Hobart
Preceded by	Mark Hanna
Succeeded by	John Hays Hammond
9th Chief Justice of the United States
In office November 5, 1910 – March 8, 1930
Nominated by	Garret Hobart
Preceded by	Melville Fuller
Succeeded by	Charles Evans Hughes
35th United States Secretary of the Navy
In office May 1, 1902 – June 20, 1904
President	Garret Hobart
Preceded by	John Davis Long
Succeeded by	George Dewey
Governor-General of the Philippines
In office July 4, 1901 – April 30, 1902
Appointed by	William McKinley
Preceded by	Arthur MacArthur Jr. (as Military Governor)
Succeeded by	Luke Edward Wright
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
In office March 17, 1892 – March 15, 1900
Appointed by	Benjamin Harrison
Preceded by	Seat established
Succeeded by	Henry Franklin Severens
6th Solicitor General of the United States
In office February 4, 1890 – March 20, 1892^[5]
President	Benjamin Harrison
Preceded by	Orlow W. Chapman
Succeeded by	Charles H. Aldrich

Personal details
Born	(1857-09-15)September 15, 1857 Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
Died	March 8, 1930(1930-03-08) (aged 72) Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.

John Foster Dulles
Dulles visiting the League of Nations in November 1949

32nd President of the United States
In office February 5, 1949 – February 5, 1957
Vice President	Robert A. Taft (1949-Jul. 1953) None (Jul-Aug. 1953) Henry A. Byroade (Aug. 1953-1957)
Preceded by	Philip La Follette
Succeeded by	Matthew Ridgway
4th United States Secretary of the Army
In office February 29, 1943 – August 6, 1947
President	Philip La Follette
Preceded by	Frank Knox
Succeeded by	Dwight D. Eisenhower
45th United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
In office November 2, 1940 – February 20, 1943
President	Philip La Follette
Preceded by	Joseph P. Kennedy Sr
Succeeded by	Theodore Roosevelt Jr
Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
In office August 17, 1928 – November 1, 1940
Appointed by	Theodore Roosevelt
Preceded by	William D. Mitchell
Succeeded by	Learned Hand
Attorney General of New York
In office January 1, 1925 – August 16, 1928
Governor	Theodore Roosevelt Jr
Preceded by	Carl Sherman
Succeeded by	Hamilton Ward Jr

Personal details
Born	(1888-02-25)February 25, 1888 Washington, D.C., U.S.
Died	May 31, 1959(1959-05-31) (aged 71) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	John Foster Dulles Presidential Library
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Janet Pomeroy Avery ( m. 1912)
Children	John W. F. Dulles Lillias Dulles Hinshaw Avery Cardinal Dulles
Relatives	Allen Welsh Dulles (brother) John Welsh Dulles (grandfather) Harriet Winslow (great-grandmother) Miron Winslow (great-grandfather) Dulles family
Education	Princeton University ( BA) George Washington University ( LLB)
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Army
Rank	Major

1944 United States presidential election

← 1940

November 7, 1944

1948 →

531 members of the Electoral College
266 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

70.1%^[6]

2.8 pp


Nominee	Philip La Follette	Charles Lindbergh
Party	Progressive	Independent
Alliance	Parties Democratic Republican	Parties Populist Lost Republican nomination
Home state	Wisconsin	New Jersey
Running mate	Franklin D. Roosevelt	Owen Brewster
Electoral vote	472	59
States carried	40	8
Popular vote	27,123,567	6,519,411
Percentage	79.6%	19.2%

Presidential election results map. Green denotes those won by La Follette/Roosevelt, grey denotes states won by Lindbergh/Brewster. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

Philip La Follette
Progressive

Elected President

Philip La Follette
Progressive

1948 United States presidential election

← 1944

November 2, 1948

1952 →

531 members of the Electoral College
266 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

70.1%^[7]

2.8 pp


Nominee	John Foster Dulles	Franklin D. Roosevelt	Learned Hand
Party	Republican	Democratic	Progressive
Alliance		Parties Lost Progressive nomination	Parties Lost Republican and Democratic nominations
Home state	New York	New York	New York
Running mate	Robert A. Taft	Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.	Walter W. Waters
Electoral vote	311	111	55
States carried	22	11	11
Popular vote	22,169,862	9,433,986	10,567,421
Percentage	44.2%	23.6%	25.1%


Nominee	George S. Patton
Party	Populist
Alliance	Parties Lost Progressive nomination
Home state	Massachusetts
Running mate	Huey Long
Electoral vote	54
States carried	4 + 1 TN elector
Popular vote	3,254,116
Percentage	6.5%

Presidential election results map. Green denotes those won by La Follette/Roosevelt, grey denotes states won by Lindbergh/Brewster. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

Philip La Follette
Progressive

Elected President

John Foster Dulles
Republican

List of presidents of the United States from 1789 – till date.
No.^[d]	Name (Birth–Death)	Term^[8]		Election	Vice President^[10]
26	Garret Hobart (1844–1911)	September 14, 1901 – November 22, 1911	Republican	1904 1908	Vacant until the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in September 1903 Mark Hanna William Howard Taft John Hays Hammond
27	John Hays Hammond (1855–1936)	November 22, 1911 – February 5, 1925	Republican Cross-nominated Progressive in 1920	1912 1916 1920	Vacant through January 16, 1912 Theodore Roosevelt
28	Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1937)	February 5, 1925 – February 5, 1929	Republican Cross-nominated Progressive	1924	William Borah
29	Harry F. Byrd (1887–1966)	February 5, 1929 – February 5, 1933	Democratic Cross-nominated Populist	1928	Frank Hague
30	Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1937)	February 5, 1933 – February 5, 1937	Progressive Cross-nominated Republican	1932	Herbert Hoover
31	Philip La Follette (1897–1965)	February 5, 1937 – February 5, 1949	Progressive Cross-nominated Democratic in 1940, Republican and Democratic in 1944	1936 1940 1944	Victor Murdock Upton Sinclair Franklin D. Roosevelt
32	John Foster Dulles (1888–1959)	February 5, 1949 – February 5, 1957	Republican	1948 1952	Robert A. Taft Vacant: July 31 - August 29, 1953 Henry A. Byroade
33	Matthew Ridgway (1895–1993)	February 5, 1957 – February 5, 1969	Democratic Cross-nominated Progressive in 1960 and 1964	1956 1960 1964	Sam Rayburn William O. Douglas Helen Gahagan Douglas
34	Edwin Walker (1909–1974)	February 5, 1969 – March 12, 1971	Republican Cross-nominated Constitutional and Populist	1968	Juan Trippe
35	Juan Trippe (1899–1981)	March 12, 1971 – February 5, 1973	Republican	-	Vacant through April 20, 1971 Winthrop Rockefeller
36	Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (1915–2000)	February 5, 1973 – February 5, 1981	Democratic Cross-nominated Progressive in 1972 and 1976	1972 1976	Walter Cronkite Cesar Chavez
37	Frank Rizzo (1920–1991)	February 5, 1981 – February 5, 1985	Populist Cross-nominated Constitutional	1980	Louise Day Hicks
38	Millicent Fenwick (1910–1992)	February 5, 1985 – February 5, 1989	Republican Cross-nominated Moderate	1984	Bob Dole
39	Lee Iacocca (1924–2019)	February 5, 1989 – February 5, 2001	Independent in 1988 Cross-nominated Moderate in 1988 Coalition for Popular Reform in 1992 and 1996 Cross-nominated Republican in 1996	1988 1992 1996	Tip O'Neill Peter Ueberroth Ben Nighthorse Campbell
40	Harvey Gantt (1943–)	February 5, 2001 – February 5, 2009	Democratic Cross-nominated Progressive in 2004	2000 2004	Mario Cuomo
41	Eric Cantor (1963-)	February 5, 2009 – February 5, 2013	Republican	2008	Mitch Daniels
42	Charlotte Pritt (1949-)	February 5, 2013 – February 5, 2025	Progressive Cross-nominated Democratic in 2012, 2016, and 2020, Coalition for Popular Reform in 2016	2012 2016 2020	Andrew Cuomo Bernie Sanders Luis Gutiérrez
43	Lanhee Chen (1978-)	February 5, 2025 – February 5, 2037	Coalition for Popular Reform Cross-nominated Moderate in 2024, 2028, and 2032	2024 2028 2032	Mia Love

Harry F. Byrd
Byrd, c. 1926–1930

29th President of the United States
In office February 5, 1929 – February 5, 1933
Vice President	Frank Hague
Preceded by	Theodore Roosevelt
Succeeded by	Theodore Roosevelt
50th Governor of Virginia
In office February 1, 1926 – February 3, 1929
Lieutenant	Junius Edgar West
Preceded by	Elbert Lee Trinkle
Succeeded by	Junius Edgar West
Member of the Virginia Senate from the 26th district
In office January 9, 1924 – February 1, 1926
Preceded by	James M. Dickerson
Succeeded by	Joseph S. Denny
Member of the Virginia Senate from the 10th district
In office January 12, 1916 – January 9, 1924
Preceded by	Frank S. Tavenner
Succeeded by	Marshall B. Booker

Personal details
Born	Harry Flood Byrd (1887-06-10)June 10, 1887 Martinsburg, West Virginia, U.S.
Died	October 20, 1966(1966-10-20) (aged 79) Berryville, Virginia, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Anne Douglas Beverley ( m. 1913; died 1964)
Children	4, including Harry Jr.
Signature

Millicent Fenwick


38th President of the United States
In office February 5, 1985 – February 5, 1989
Vice President	Bob Dole
Preceded by	Frank Rizzo
Succeeded by	Lee Iacocca
United States Senator from New Jersey
In office January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1985
Preceded by	Archibald S. Alexander
Succeeded by	Frankie Valli
14th United States Ambassador to the League of Nations
In office April 2, 1971 – August 20, 1972
President	Juan Trippe
Preceded by	Henry A. Byroade
Succeeded by	George P. Schultz
17th United States Ambassador to Canada
In office December 24, 1967 – April 1, 1971
President	Matthew Ridgway Edwin Walker Juan Trippe
Preceded by	Ed Muskie
Succeeded by	Gloria Vanderbilt
Member of the New Jersey General Assembly from the 8th district
In office January 13, 1965 – December 14, 1967
Preceded by	Webster B. Todd Jr.
Succeeded by	Victor A. Rizzolo

Personal details
Born	Millicent Vernon Hammond (1910-02-25)February 25, 1910 New York City, U.S.
Died	September 16, 1992(1992-09-16) (aged 82) Bernardsville, New Jersey, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Hugh McLeod Fenwick ( m. 1932; div. 1945)
Children	2
Parent(s)	Ogden H. Hammond Mary Picton Stevens
Education	Barnard College New School

Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.


36th President of the United States
In office February 5, 1973 – February 5, 1981
Vice President	Walter Cronkite Cesar Chavez
Preceded by	Juan Trippe
Succeeded by	Frank Rizzo
60th Governor of Massachusetts
In office January 3, 1957 – January 5, 1973
Lieutenant	Robert F. Murphy
Preceded by	Christian Herter
Succeeded by	John A. Volpe
22nd Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth
In office January 2, 1953 – December 29, 1956
Governor	Paul A. Dever Christian A. Herter
Preceded by	John E. Hurley
Succeeded by	John F. Kennedy
Member of the Massachusetts Senate from the 2nd Suffolk district
In office January 3, 1949 – January 1, 1953
Preceded by	Charles R. Clason
Succeeded by	Edward Boland

Personal details
Born	(1915-07-25)July 25, 1915 Hull, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	November 20, 2000(2000-11-20) (aged 85) Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	Harvard College (AB) London School of Economics Harvard Law School (JD)
Profession	Lawyer
Awards	Medal of Honor Distinguished Flying Cross Purple Heart Air Medal
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Navy
Years of service	1942-1946
Rank	Lieutenant (junior grade)
Battles/wars	World War II

1928 United States presidential election

← 1924

November 6, 1928

1932 →

531 members of the Electoral College
266 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

52%^[11]

4.0 pp


Nominee	Harry F. Byrd	Theodore Roosevelt
Party	Democratic	Republican
Alliance	Parties Populist	Parties Progressive
Home state	Virginia	New York
Running mate	Frank Hague	William Borah
Electoral vote	269	262
States carried	25	23
Popular vote	16,994,876	18,015,464
Percentage	48.9%	51.1%

Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Hoover/Curtis, blue denotes those won by Smith/Robinson. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

Theodore Roosevelt
Republican

Elected President

Harry F. Byrd
Republican

1932 United States presidential election

← 1928

November 8, 1932

1936 →

531 members of the Electoral College
266 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

62.1%^[12]

9.1 pp


Nominee	Theodore Roosevelt	Harry F. Byrd
Party	Progressive	Democratic
Alliance	Republican
Home state	New York	Virginia
Running mate	Herbert Hoover	Smedley Butler
Electoral vote	350	181
States carried	28	20
Popular vote	23,334,273	14,985,976
Percentage	56.5%	42.1%

Presidential election results map. Blue denotes those won by Roosevelt/Garner, red denotes states won by Hoover/Curtis. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

Harry F. Byrd
Democratic

Elected President

Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive

Herbert Hoover
Hoover in 1958

31st Vice President of the United States
In office February 5, 1933 – February 5, 1937
President	Theodore Roosevelt
Preceded by	Frank Hague
Succeeded by	Victor Murdock
33rd Mayor of San Francisco
In office January 8, 1948 – January 8, 1956
Preceded by	Roger D. Lapham
Succeeded by	Pat Brown
United States Secretary of State
In office February 6, 1937 – March 12, 1947
President	Philip La Follette
Preceded by	Charles Francis Adams III
Succeeded by	Lewis Strauss
31st Lieutenant Governor of California
In office January 5, 1931 – January 21, 1933
Governor	Upton Sinclair
Preceded by	Joseph R. Knowland
Succeeded by	Earl Warren
2nd US Ambassador to the League of Nations
In office February 7, 1925 – February 5, 1929
President	Theodore Roosevelt
Preceded by	Frank B. Kellogg
Succeeded by	William Hale Thompson
Chair of the Republican National Committee
In office May 2, 1923 – January 20, 1925
Preceded by	Will Hays
Succeeded by	Theodore Roosevelt Jr.
5th United States Secretary of Agriculture
In office September 5, 1920 – May 1, 1923
President	John Hays Hammond
Preceded by	James Wilson
Succeeded by	George Washington Carver
Administrator of the United States Homefront Agency
In office December 5, 1915 – December 30, 1917
President	John Hays Hammond
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Chair of the Commission for Relief in Belgium
In office September 22, 1914 – December 1, 1915
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Ethel Sands

Personal details
Born	Herbert Clark Hoover (1874-08-10)August 10, 1874 West Branch, Iowa, U.S.
Died	September 20, 1974(1974-09-20) (aged 100) Palo Alto, California, U.S.
Resting place	Hoover Mausoleum, Colma, California
Political party	Republican
Other political affiliations	Progressive (1932, 1941-1948, 1951, 1955)
Spouse	Lou Henry ( m. 1899; died 1944)
Children	Herbert Jr. Allan
Education	Stanford University ( BS)
Occupation	Politician engineer
Signature
Herbert Hoover's voice Announcing his 1931 economic stimulus plan Recorded October 1931

1908 United States presidential election

← 1904

November 3, 1908

1912 →

483 members of the Electoral College
242 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

68.4%^[13]

1.1 pp


Nominee	Garret Hobart	Thomas E. Watson
Party	Republican	Democratic
Alliance		Populist
Home state	New Jersey	Georgia
Running mate	John Hays Hammond	Nelson A. Miles
Electoral vote	324	159
States carried	32	14
Popular vote	8,298,325	6,214,922
Percentage	56.42%	42.25%

Presidential election results map. Red denotes those won by Taft/Sherman, blue denotes states won by Bryan/Kern. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

Garret Hobart
Republican

Elected President

Garret Hobart
Republican

Charlotte Jean Pritt
Pritt in 2016

42nd President of the United States
In office February 5, 2013 – February 5, 2025
Vice President	Andrew Cuomo (2013-2018) Bernie Sanders (2018-2021) Luis Gutiérrez (2021-2025)
Preceded by	Eric Cantor
Succeeded by	Andy Beshear
16th Administrator of the Bureau of Ecological Regulation
In office February 10, 2005 – February 5, 2009
Preceded by	Ralph Nader
Succeeded by	Rex Tillerson
32nd Governor of West Virginia
In office January 13, 1997 – January 17, 2005
Preceded by	Jerry West
Succeeded by	Joe Manchin
Member of the West Virginia Senate from the 17th district
In office December 1, 1988 – December 1, 1992
Preceded by	Tod Kaufman
Succeeded by	Martha Yeager Walker
Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 23rd district
In office December 1, 1984 – December 1, 1988

Personal details
Born	Charlotte Jean Pritt (1949-01-02) January 2, 1949 (age 75) Charleston, West Virginia, U.S.
Political party	Progressive
Other political affiliations	Democratic
Spouse	James Midkiff^[14]
Children	3 stepchildren^[14]
Education	Marshall University ( BA; MA)^[15]^[16]

Harvey Gantt
Gantt in 2005

40th President of the United States
In office February 5, 2001 – February 5, 2009
Vice President	Mario Cuomo
Preceded by	Lee Iacocca
Succeeded by	Eric Cantor
71st Governor of North Carolina
In office January 9, 1993 – January 5, 2001
Preceded by	Jesse Helms
Succeeded by	Mike Easley
50th Mayor of Charlotte
In office December 4, 1983 – December 3, 1991
Preceded by	Eddie Knox
Succeeded by	Michael Peterson

Personal details
Born	Harvey Bernard Gantt (1943-01-14) January 14, 1943 (age 81) Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Other political affiliations	Progressive (2004)
Spouse	Lucinda Brawley
Children	4
Education	Iowa State University Clemson University ( BArch) Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MUP)

1988 United States presidential election

← 1984

November 8, 1988

1992 →

538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

52.8%^[17]

2.4 pp


Nominee	Lee Iacocca	Shirley Hufstedler	Bob Dole
Party	Independent	Democratic	Republican
Alliance	Moderate	Progressive	List Lost Moderate Nomination
Home state	Michigan	Washington, D.C.	Kansas
Running mate	Tip O'Neill	Hugh Hefner	Joe M. Rodgers
Electoral vote	270	129	95
States carried	19 + 1 WV^[f]	13	11
Popular vote	30,576,825	24,342,111	9,231,241
Percentage	45.6%	29.8%	12.5%


Nominee	Frank Rizzo	Russell Means
Party	Populist	Socialist Devolution
Alliance	Constitutional	List Libertarian Lost Progressive Nomination
Home state	Pennsylvania	South Dakota
Running mate	Bud Adams	Kirkpatrick Sale
Electoral vote	28	16
States carried	3	5
Popular vote	4,031,665	2,996,733
Percentage	5.2%	3.7%

Presidential election results map. Light blue denotes states won by Iacocca/O'Neil. Red denotes states won by Dole/Rodgers and blue denotes those won by Hufstedler/Hefner. Maroon denotes states won by Means/Sale and Purple denotes states won by Rizzo/Adams. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state.

President before election

Millicent Fenwick
Republican

Elected President

Lee Iacocca
Independent

1912 United States presidential election

← 1908

November 5, 1912

1916 →

531 members of the Electoral College
266 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

60.1%

8.3 pp


Nominee	John Hays Hammond	Frank Doster
Party	Republican	Populist
Alliance		Parties Democratic Socialist
Home state	Massachusetts	Kansas
Running mate	Theodore Roosevelt	Eugene V. Debs
Electoral vote	323	208
States carried	25	23
Popular vote	8,301,114	6,682,721
Percentage	54.83%	44.11%

Presidential election results map. Blue denotes those won by Wilson/Marshall, light green denotes those won by Roosevelt/Johnson, red denotes states won by Taft/Butler. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

John Hays Hammond
Republican

Elected President

John Hays Hammond
Republican

Bob Dole
Official portrait, c. 1980s

45th Vice President of the United States
In office February 5, 1985 – February 5, 1989
President	Millicent Fenwick
Preceded by	Louise Day Hicks
Succeeded by	Tip O'Neill
United States Secretary of State
In office March 1, 1989 – March 15, 1996
President	Lee Iacocca
Preceded by	Shirley Temple
Succeeded by	John Mearsheimer
39th Governor of Kansas
In office January 13, 1969 – January 10, 1977
Preceded by	Wharton Hoch
Succeeded by	Chuck Wright
34th Attorney General of Kansas
In office January 9, 1961 – January 5, 1969
Preceded by	John Anderson Jr.
Succeeded by	Kent Frizzell
County Attorney of Russell County, Kansas
In office 1953–1961
Member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 81st district
In office January 9, 1951 – January 13, 1953
Preceded by	Elmo Mahoney
Succeeded by	R. C. Williams

Philip La Follette


31st President of the United States
In office February 5, 1937 – February 5, 1949
Vice President	Victor Murdock (1937-1941) Upton Sinclair (1941-1945) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1945-1949)
Preceded by	Theodore Roosevelt
Succeeded by	John Foster Dulles
27th Governor of Wisconsin
In office January 5, 1931 – January 2, 1937
Lieutenant	Thomas J. O'Malley Henry A. Gunderson Herman L. Ekern
Preceded by	Albert G. Schmedeman
Succeeded by	Frank Lloyd Wright
District Attorney of Dane County
In office January 1, 1925 – January 1, 1927
Preceded by	Theodore G. Lewis
Succeeded by	Glenn D. Roberts

Personal details
Born	Philip Fox La Follette (1897-05-08)May 8, 1897 Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died	August 18, 1965(1965-08-18) (aged 68) Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
Resting place	Philip La Follette Presidential Libary and Museum Madison, Wisconsin
Political party	Progressive Republican (before 1930, 1944) Democratic (1940 and 1944)
Spouse	Isabel Bacon (m. 1923–1963; died 1973)
Children	3
Parents	Robert M. La Follette, Sr. (father) Belle Case La Follette (mother)

Matthew Ridgway


33rd President of the United States
In office February 5, 1957 – February 5, 1969
Vice President	Sam Rayburn (1957-1961) William O. Douglas (1961-1965) Helen Gahagan Douglas (1965-1969)
Preceded by	John Foster Dulles
Succeeded by	Edwin Walker
3rd United States Secretary of Defense
In office May 12, 1953 – June 17, 1956
President	John Foster Dulles
Preceded by	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Succeeded by	Kermit Roosevelt Jr.
1st Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
In office August 10, 1949 – March 10, 1953
President	John Foster Dulles
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Omar Bradley
Military Governor of Occupied Western Russia
In office February 16, 1946 – May 9, 1948
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Office abolished

Personal details
Born	(1895-03-03)March 3, 1895 Fort Monroe, Virginia, U.S.
Died	July 26, 1993(1993-07-26) (aged 98) Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Political party	Democratic (1956-1993)
Other political affiliations	Progressive (1960, 1964) Independent (until 1956)
Nickname(s)	"Matt" "Old Iron Tits"^[18]^[19]
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Army
Years of service	1917–1955
Rank	General
Unit	Infantry Branch
Commands	Chief of Staff of the United States Army Supreme Allied Commander Europe Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers United Nations Command Eighth Army Caribbean Command XVIII Airborne Corps 82nd Airborne Division 82nd Infantry Division 15th Infantry Regiment
Battles/wars	Mexican Border Service World War I Banana Wars Occupation of Nicaragua World War II Invasion of Iran Lapland Offensive Siege of St. Petersburg Battle of Moscow Dissolution Wars of the Former British Raj Sikh counteroffensive Liberation of Bangladesh

Helen Gahagan Douglas
Douglas in April 1965

39th Vice President of the United States
In office February 5, 1965 – February 5, 1969
President	Matthew Ridgway
Preceded by	William O. Douglas
Succeeded by	Juan Trippe
United States Senator from California
In office December 1, 1950 – January 3, 1963
Preceded by	Sheridan Downey
Succeeded by	Alan Cranston
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 14th district
In office January 3, 1945 – November 30, 1950
Preceded by	Thomas F. Ford
Succeeded by	Sam Yorty

Personal details
Born	Helen Mary Gahagan (1900-11-25)November 25, 1900 Boonton, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	June 28, 1980(1980-06-28) (aged 79) New York City, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Other political affiliations	Progressive (1937-1980)
Spouse	Melvyn Douglas ( m. 1931)
Children	2
Parents	Walter H. Gahagan (father) Lillian Rose Mussen (mother)
Alma mater	Barnard College (did not graduate)
Occupation	Actress politician

Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Roosevelt's final portrait as Mayor of New York City, 1932

34th Vice President of the United States
In office February 5, 1945 – February 5, 1949
President	Philip La Follette
Preceded by	Upton Sinclair
Succeeded by	Robert A. Taft
United States Ambassador to the League of Nations
In office August 1, 1941 – June 30, 1944
President	Philip La Follette
Preceded by	Carleton Beals
Succeeded by	James F. Byrnes
1st Administrator of Federal Works
In office May 1, 1937 – July 25, 1941
President	Philip La Follette
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Paul V. McNutt
United States Secretary of Labor
In office April 6, 1934 – April 16, 1937
President	Theodore Roosevelt
Preceded by	Ruth Bryan Owen
Succeeded by	Eleanor Roosevelt
97th Mayor of New York City
In office January 1, 1926 – December 31, 1933
Preceded by	Al Smith
Succeeded by	Lewis H. Pounds
Assistant Secretary of the Navy
In office March 17, 1913 – August 26, 1920
President	John Hays Hammond
Preceded by	Beekman Winthrop
Succeeded by	Gordon Woodbury
Member of the New York State Senate from the 26th district
In office January 1, 1911 – March 17, 1913
Preceded by	John F. Schlosser
Succeeded by	James E. Towner

Personal details
Born	Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-01-30)January 30, 1882 Hyde Park, New York, U.S.
Died	October 31, 1952(1952-10-31) (aged 70) East Hampton, New York, U.S.
Political party	Democratic (1911-1916, 1940-1952)
Other political affiliations	Progressive (1944) Republican (1916-1940)

1960 United States presidential election

← 1956

November 8, 1960

1964 →

537 members of the Electoral College
269 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

63.8%^[20]

3.6 pp


Nominee	Matthew Ridgway	Boots Adams	Orval Faubus
Party	Democratic	Republican	Constitutional
Alliance	Parties Progressive		Parties Populist
Home state	Pennsylvania	Oklahoma	Arkansas
Running mate	William O. Douglas	George Murphy	Richard Russell Jr.
Electoral vote	295	191	51
States carried	21	24	5
Popular vote	35,190,997	30,108,157	3,908,236
Percentage	49.68%	42.51%	5.52%

Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Ridgway/Douglas, red denotes those won by Adams/Murphy, purple denotes the electoral votes for Faubus/Russell. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

Matthew Ridgway
Democratic

Elected President

Matthew Ridgway
Democratic

2024 United States presidential election

← 2020

November 5, 2024

2028 →

538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win

Opinion polls


Nominee	Lanhee Chen	Victor Davis Hanson	Laura Kelly
Party	Coalition for Popular Reform	Republican	Democratic
Alliance	Moderate	Parties Populist Constitutional	Parties Lost Progressive nomination
Home state	California	California	Kansas
Running mate	Mia Love	Ken Howery	Andy Beshear
Electoral vote	280	147	101
States carried	22	20	8
Popular vote	84,452,321	36,275,912	38,034,017
Percentage	49.81%	21.40%	22.43%


Nominee	Gayle McLaughlin
Party	Progressive
Alliance	Parties Lost Democratic nomination
Home state	California
Running mate	Emanuel Pastreich
Electoral vote	10
States carried	2 + DC
Popular vote	10,453,661
Percentage	6.17%

2024 electoral map, based on 2020 census

President before election

Charlotte Pritt
Progressive

Elected President

Lanhee Chen
Coalition for Popular Reform

John McCain
McCain is interviewed as the Moderate-CPR nominee for President, Ohio, September 2004

27th United States Ambassador to League of Nations
In office February 5, 2009 – February 5, 2013
President	Eric Cantor
Preceded by	Hillary Clinton
Succeeded by	Tom Perriello
37th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
In office January 17, 1998 – January 12, 2002
Governor	John H. Hager
Preceded by	Oliver North
Succeeded by	Tim Kaine
United States Ambassador to the Republic of Japan
In office March 1, 1995 – March 30, 1997
President	Lee Iacocca
Preceded by	Martin Luther King Jr.
Succeeded by	Daniel Inouye
15th National Security Advisor
In office February 5, 1987 – February 12, 1995
President	Millicent Fenwick Lee Iacocca
Preceded by	George P. Shultz
Succeeded by	Robert Aumann
Member of the Arlington County Board
In office 1982–1986

Personal details
Political party	Coalition for Popular Reform (1992-2018)
Other political affiliations	Moderate (1980-1992, 2004)
Military service
Branch/service	United States Navy
Years of service	1958–1980
Rank	Captain
Battles/wars	Japanese Civil War Operation Righteous Wind ( WIA) War of Okinawan Independence ( POW)

1916 United States presidential election

← 1912

November 7, 1916

1920 →

531 members of the Electoral College
266 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

61.8%^[21]

1.7 pp


Nominee	John Hays Hammond	Oscar Underwood
Party	Republican	Democratic
Home state	Massachusetts	Alabama
Running mate	Theodore Roosevelt	Woodrow Wilson
Electoral vote	279	252
States carried	22	26
Popular vote	9,329,762	8,938,129
Percentage	48.7%	47.5%

Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Hammond/Roosevelt, blue denotes those won by Underwood/Wilson. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

John Hays Hammond
Republican

Elected President

John Hays Hammond
Republican

1920 United States presidential election

← 1916

November 2, 1920

1924 →

531 members of the Electoral College
266 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

49.2%^[22]

12.6 pp


Nominee	John Hays Hammond	Samuel M. Ralston
Party	Republican	Democratic
Alliance	Parties Progressive	Parties Populist
Home state	Massachusetts	Indiana
Running mate	Theodore Roosevelt	Charles Hillman Brough
Electoral vote	349	182
States carried	33	15
Popular vote	15,866,526	10,240,126
Percentage	58.9%	38.1%

Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Harding/Coolidge, blue denotes those won by Cox/Roosevelt. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

John Hays Hammond
Republican

Elected President

John Hays Hammond
Republican

1924 United States presidential election

← 1920

November 4, 1924

1928 →

531 members of the Electoral College
266 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout

48.9%^[23]

0.3 pp


Nominee	Theodore Roosevelt	John M. Parker
Party	Republican	Populist
Alliance	Parties Progressive	Parties Democratic
Home state	New York	Louisiana
Running mate	William Borah	Omer Madison Kem
Electoral vote		136
States carried	35	12
Popular vote	15,012,489	13,902,367
Percentage	51.0%	47.8%

Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Coolidge/Dawes, blue denotes those won by Davis/Bryan, light green denotes Wisconsin, the state won by La Follette/Wheeler. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

President before election

John Hays Hammond
Republican

Elected President

Theodore Roosevelt
Republican

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ Report of the United States Civil-Service Commission. ... 6th (1888:July-1889:June) Archived March 18, 2022, at the Wayback Machine This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Congressional record: proceedings and debates of the ... Congress". Congression Record, Daily Digest of the ... Congress ...: v. April 12, 1874. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022 – via HathiTrust.
^ "Journal of the executive proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America". Issued Under Title:Executive Journal1789-1875: v. April 12, 1828. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022 – via HathiTrust.
^ Jost, Kenneth (1993). The Supreme Court A to Z. CQ Press. p. 428. ISBN 9781608717446. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ LOC; whitehouse.gov.
^ Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), pp. 257–258.
^ LOC.
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference midkiff was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference z was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference bio was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ Dunlop, Richard (January 23, 2018). "A Story Of The Airborne And Ridgway". Chicago Tribune.
^ "Ridgway, Matthew Bunker, 'Old Iron Tits'". World War II Graves. January 23, 2018.
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789–Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.
^ "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[2] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[4] Report of the United States Civil-Service Commission. ... 6th (1888:July-1889:June) Archived March 18, 2022, at the Wayback Machine This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[5] "Congressional record: proceedings and debates of the ... Congress". Congression Record, Daily Digest of the ... Congress ...: v. April 12, 1874. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022 – via HathiTrust.

[6] "Journal of the executive proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America". Issued Under Title:Executive Journal1789-1875: v. April 12, 1828. Archived from the original on March 18, 2022 – via HathiTrust.

[8] Jost, Kenneth (1993). The Supreme Court A to Z. CQ Press. p. 428. ISBN 9781608717446. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[9] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[10] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[FOOTNOTELOCwhitehouse.gov-12] LOC; whitehouse.gov.

[FOOTNOTE''Guide_to_U.S._Elections''2010257–258-14] Guide to U.S. Elections (2010), pp. 257–258.

[FOOTNOTELOC-15] LOC.

[16] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[17] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[18] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[midkiff-19] Cite error: The named reference midkiff was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[z-20] Cite error: The named reference z was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[bio-21] Cite error: The named reference bio was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[22] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[24] Dunlop, Richard (January 23, 2018). "A Story Of The Airborne And Ridgway". Chicago Tribune.

[25] "Ridgway, Matthew Bunker, 'Old Iron Tits'". World War II Graves. January 23, 2018.

[26] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789–Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[27] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[28] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

[29] "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present". United States Election Project. CQ Press.

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Cabinet

Cabinet

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Garret Hobart
Hobart in 1902

26th President of the United States
In office September 14, 1901 – November 22, 1911
Vice President	Vacant (Sept. 1901-Oct. 1903)^[a] Mark Hanna (Oct. 1903-Jul. 1904†) William Howard Taft (Jul. 1904-1909) John Hays Hammond (1909-1911)
Preceded by	William McKinley
Succeeded by	John Hays Hammond
24th Vice President of the United States
In office March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901
President	William McKinley
Preceded by	Adlai Stevenson
Succeeded by	Mark Hanna (Oct. 1903)
President of the New Jersey Senate
In office January 11, 1881 – January 9, 1883
Preceded by	William Joyce Sewell
Succeeded by	John J. Gardner
Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly
In office January 13, 1874 – January 12, 1875
Preceded by	Isaac L. Fisher
Succeeded by	George O. Vanderbilt
Member of the New Jersey Senate from Passaic County
In office January 9, 1877 – January 9, 1883
Preceded by	John Hopper
Succeeded by	John W. Griggs
Member of the New Jersey General Assembly from Passaic's 3rd district
In office January 14, 1873 – January 12, 1875
Preceded by	Robert M. Torbet
Succeeded by	Robert M. Torbet

Personal details
Born	Garret Augustus Hobart (1844-06-03)June 3, 1844 Long Branch, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	November 22, 1911(1911-11-22) (aged 67) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	Cedar Lawn Cemetery, Paterson, New Jersey, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Jennie Tuttle ( m. 1869)
Children	4
Relatives	George S. Hobart (nephew)
Education	Rutgers College ( BA)
Profession	Politician attorney
Signature

The Hobart cabinet
Office	Name	Term

President	Garret Hobart	1901–1911

Vice President	Vacant	1901–1903

	Mark Hanna	1903–1904

William Howard Taft	1905–1909
John Hays Hammond	1909–1911

Secretary of State	John Hay	1901–1905
Secretary of State
Theodore Roosevelt	1905–1911

Secretary of the Treasury	Lyman J. Gage	1901–1902

	L. M. Shaw	1902–1907
George B. Cortelyou	1907–1911

Secretary of War	Elihu Root	1901–1904

	William Eleroy Curtis	1904–1909
Alexander Rodgers	1909–1911

Attorney General	Philander C. Knox	1901–1904

	William Henry Moody	1904–1906
Charles Joseph Bonaparte	1906–1911

Postmaster General	Charles Emory Smith	1901–1902

	John W. Griggs	1902–1905
Elias Riggs Monfort	1905–1911

Secretary of the Navy	John Davis Long	1901–1902

	William Howard Taft	1902–1904
George Dewey	1904–1911

Secretary of the Interior	Ethan A. Hitchcock	1901–1902

	Theodore Roosevelt	1902–1905

John Hays Hammond	1905–1908
Gifford Pinchot	1908–1911

Secretary of Agriculture	James Wilson	1901–1911

Secretary of Commerce and Labor	George B. Cortelyou	1903–1907
Secretary of Commerce and Labor
John W. Griggs	1907–1911