Flueggea virosa is a small tropical bush, native to Africa, Australia, south and east Asia. It's common name is white berry bush, knwon for it's white and juicy fruit.
| 德叡/sandbox | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Phyllanthaceae |
| Genus: | Flueggea |
| Species: | F. virosa
|
| Binomial name | |
| Flueggea virosa | |
| Synonyms | |
|
List
| |
Description
The white berry bush can reach 6 to 8 meters height, with flexible ridged branches. The leaves are 3–8 mm long, papery, with stiff stipule, alternative arrangement. Their shape are obovate, which can decrease self-shading and enhanced light-capture efficiency. [2] They also contain high amount of different alkaloids. [3] [4]
The flowers are unisexual, arranged in axillary fascicles. Male flowers are various from light green or yellow, 3-7 mm long and 1.7-2.2 mm broad, 5 stamens, 5 petals. Female flowers are simmilar to male but relatively smaller, light yellow, with superior 3-celled ovary.
The fruit is white and fleshy berry when ripe, about 1 cm long. They have 3 shallow groove, taste sweet with a slightly bitter, with smooth and glossy seeds inside. [5]
Habitat
The white berry bush are very common below 1000 meters elevation, it is able to grow in clay, loamy, alluvial or sandy soils.
Cultivation and uses
The white berry bush have some traditional medical usage. In Asia, the leaf decoction is a treatment of eczema and rheumatoid arthritis; the root decoction can sooth abdominal pain. In Africa, it is used against malaria. Bergenin can be isolated from the leaves, whtch can inhibit the activity against P. berghei though the effect is modest. [6] [7]
The fruit is edible, they are eaten by animal and birds, sometimes by human.
References
- ^ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Flueggea virosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T146202817A146202819. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T146202817A146202819.en. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
-
^ Niinemets, ü.; Portsmuth, A.; Tobias, M. (2007-02).
"Leaf shape and venation pattern alter the support investments within leaf lamina in temperate species: a neglected source of leaf physiological differentiation?". Functional Ecology. 21 (1): 28–40.
doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01221.x.
ISSN
0269-8463.
{{ cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=( help) - ^ Zhao, Bing-Xin; Wang, Ying; Zhang, Dong-Mei; Jiang, Ren-Wang; Wang, Guo-Cai; Shi, Jun-Min; Huang, Xiao-Jun; Chen, Wei-Min; Che, Chun-Tao; Ye, Wen-Cai (2011-08-05). "Flueggines A and B, Two New Dimeric Indolizidine Alkaloids from Flueggea virosa". Organic Letters. 13 (15): 3888–3891. doi: 10.1021/ol201410z. ISSN 1523-7060.
- ^ Wang, Guo-Cai; Liang, Jie-Ping; Wang, Ying; Li, Qian; Ye, Wen-Cai (2008-07-01). "Chemical Constituents from Flueggea virosa". Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines. 6 (4): 251–253. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(09)60022-4. ISSN 1875-5364.
- ^ Mustaqim, Wendy A. (2021), Franco, F. Merlin (ed.), "Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle Phyllanthaceae", Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Southeast Asia, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 493–498, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38389-3_141, ISBN 978-3-030-38388-6, retrieved 2024-06-15
-
^ Bailly, Christian (2024-01-18).
"Traditional Uses, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of the Medicinal Plant Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle". Future Pharmacology. 4 (1): 77–102.
doi:
10.3390/futurepharmacol4010007.
ISSN
2673-9879.
{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link) -
^ Singh, Shiv Vardan; Manhas, Ashan; Kumar, Yogesh; Mishra, Sonali; Shanker, Karuna; Khan, Feroz; Srivastava, Kumkum; Pal, Anirban (2017-05).
"Antimalarial activity and safety assessment of Flueggea virosa leaves and its major constituent with special emphasis on their mode of action". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 89: 761–771.
doi:
10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.056.
{{ cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=( help)
External links
- Flueggea virosa ssp. melanthesoides in Some magneticis land plants.
Flueggea virosa is a small tropical bush, native to Africa, Australia, south and east Asia. It's common name is white berry bush, knwon for it's white and juicy fruit.
| 德叡/sandbox | |
|---|---|
|
| |
|
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Phyllanthaceae |
| Genus: | Flueggea |
| Species: | F. virosa
|
| Binomial name | |
| Flueggea virosa | |
| Synonyms | |
|
List
| |
Description
The white berry bush can reach 6 to 8 meters height, with flexible ridged branches. The leaves are 3–8 mm long, papery, with stiff stipule, alternative arrangement. Their shape are obovate, which can decrease self-shading and enhanced light-capture efficiency. [2] They also contain high amount of different alkaloids. [3] [4]
The flowers are unisexual, arranged in axillary fascicles. Male flowers are various from light green or yellow, 3-7 mm long and 1.7-2.2 mm broad, 5 stamens, 5 petals. Female flowers are simmilar to male but relatively smaller, light yellow, with superior 3-celled ovary.
The fruit is white and fleshy berry when ripe, about 1 cm long. They have 3 shallow groove, taste sweet with a slightly bitter, with smooth and glossy seeds inside. [5]
Habitat
The white berry bush are very common below 1000 meters elevation, it is able to grow in clay, loamy, alluvial or sandy soils.
Cultivation and uses
The white berry bush have some traditional medical usage. In Asia, the leaf decoction is a treatment of eczema and rheumatoid arthritis; the root decoction can sooth abdominal pain. In Africa, it is used against malaria. Bergenin can be isolated from the leaves, whtch can inhibit the activity against P. berghei though the effect is modest. [6] [7]
The fruit is edible, they are eaten by animal and birds, sometimes by human.
References
- ^ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Flueggea virosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T146202817A146202819. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T146202817A146202819.en. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
-
^ Niinemets, ü.; Portsmuth, A.; Tobias, M. (2007-02).
"Leaf shape and venation pattern alter the support investments within leaf lamina in temperate species: a neglected source of leaf physiological differentiation?". Functional Ecology. 21 (1): 28–40.
doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01221.x.
ISSN
0269-8463.
{{ cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=( help) - ^ Zhao, Bing-Xin; Wang, Ying; Zhang, Dong-Mei; Jiang, Ren-Wang; Wang, Guo-Cai; Shi, Jun-Min; Huang, Xiao-Jun; Chen, Wei-Min; Che, Chun-Tao; Ye, Wen-Cai (2011-08-05). "Flueggines A and B, Two New Dimeric Indolizidine Alkaloids from Flueggea virosa". Organic Letters. 13 (15): 3888–3891. doi: 10.1021/ol201410z. ISSN 1523-7060.
- ^ Wang, Guo-Cai; Liang, Jie-Ping; Wang, Ying; Li, Qian; Ye, Wen-Cai (2008-07-01). "Chemical Constituents from Flueggea virosa". Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines. 6 (4): 251–253. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(09)60022-4. ISSN 1875-5364.
- ^ Mustaqim, Wendy A. (2021), Franco, F. Merlin (ed.), "Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle Phyllanthaceae", Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Southeast Asia, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 493–498, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38389-3_141, ISBN 978-3-030-38388-6, retrieved 2024-06-15
-
^ Bailly, Christian (2024-01-18).
"Traditional Uses, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of the Medicinal Plant Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle". Future Pharmacology. 4 (1): 77–102.
doi:
10.3390/futurepharmacol4010007.
ISSN
2673-9879.
{{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link) -
^ Singh, Shiv Vardan; Manhas, Ashan; Kumar, Yogesh; Mishra, Sonali; Shanker, Karuna; Khan, Feroz; Srivastava, Kumkum; Pal, Anirban (2017-05).
"Antimalarial activity and safety assessment of Flueggea virosa leaves and its major constituent with special emphasis on their mode of action". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 89: 761–771.
doi:
10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.056.
{{ cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=( help)
External links
- Flueggea virosa ssp. melanthesoides in Some magneticis land plants.