Tyniec Sacramentay | |
---|---|
National Library of Poland | |
![]() Maiestas Domini (leaf 32) | |
Also known as | Sacramentarium Tinecense [1] |
Type | codex, sacramentary |
Date | c. 1072–1075 |
Place of origin | Cologne |
Language(s) | Latin [1] |
Material | parchment |
Size | 28.5 cm × 22 cm (11.2 in × 8.7 in), 237 leaves [1] [2] |
Accession | Rps BOZ 8 [1] |
The Tyniec Sacramentary is an Ottonian illuminated manuscript written in c. 1072–1075, probably near Cologne. [3]
It is one of the oldest surviving codices in Poland, where it first arrived during the Middle Ages, kept in Poland for almost 1,000 years. [3] It was transcribed and decorated with illuminations in Cologne, probably at the Monastery of St Pantaleon around 1072–75. [3] Shortly afterwards or in the 12th century it offered to the Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec near Kraków. [3] It was stolen during the Swedish invasion in the 17th century. [2] Repurchased in Kraków, it returned to Tyniec. [2] In 1814 the manuscript was bought from the monks by Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski and included in the library of the Zamoyski family in the Blue Palace in Warsaw. [2] [3]
During World War II the Nazis tried to take the manuscript to Berlin, but thanks to the endeavours of librarians, scholars and diplomats, they left it in the Zamoyski Library. [2] After the Warsaw Uprising the manuscript was secretly evacuated and hidden in the collegiate church at Łowicz. [2] After the war in 1946, Jan Zamoyski, the final owner of the Zamoyski family fee tail, deposited the family library with the National Library of Poland. [3] [2] Since May 2024, the manuscript has been exhibited at the permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth in Warsaw. [4] [3]
The Sacramentary contains prayers for the priest celebrating Mass. [2] Magnificently decorated, it is one of the most precious artefacts of the Ottonian manuscript painting school. [2] [3] [5] The sumptuous form of The Sacramentary indicates that the codex belonged to the so-called king’s manuscripts, which reflected the monarchy’s splendour. [2]
The manuscript consists of 470 pages. [2] 38 of them is written in gold and silver on purple-stained parchment pages. [3] [2] Pages 7–30 contains a calendar. [1] The manuscript contains 13 decorated initials (two full-page plaited initials) and two fullpage miniatures – the Crucifixion and the Maiestas Domini. [2] [3] It also contains the oldest musical notation in Poland in chironomic form. [2]
Tyniec Sacramentay | |
---|---|
National Library of Poland | |
![]() Maiestas Domini (leaf 32) | |
Also known as | Sacramentarium Tinecense [1] |
Type | codex, sacramentary |
Date | c. 1072–1075 |
Place of origin | Cologne |
Language(s) | Latin [1] |
Material | parchment |
Size | 28.5 cm × 22 cm (11.2 in × 8.7 in), 237 leaves [1] [2] |
Accession | Rps BOZ 8 [1] |
The Tyniec Sacramentary is an Ottonian illuminated manuscript written in c. 1072–1075, probably near Cologne. [3]
It is one of the oldest surviving codices in Poland, where it first arrived during the Middle Ages, kept in Poland for almost 1,000 years. [3] It was transcribed and decorated with illuminations in Cologne, probably at the Monastery of St Pantaleon around 1072–75. [3] Shortly afterwards or in the 12th century it offered to the Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec near Kraków. [3] It was stolen during the Swedish invasion in the 17th century. [2] Repurchased in Kraków, it returned to Tyniec. [2] In 1814 the manuscript was bought from the monks by Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski and included in the library of the Zamoyski family in the Blue Palace in Warsaw. [2] [3]
During World War II the Nazis tried to take the manuscript to Berlin, but thanks to the endeavours of librarians, scholars and diplomats, they left it in the Zamoyski Library. [2] After the Warsaw Uprising the manuscript was secretly evacuated and hidden in the collegiate church at Łowicz. [2] After the war in 1946, Jan Zamoyski, the final owner of the Zamoyski family fee tail, deposited the family library with the National Library of Poland. [3] [2] Since May 2024, the manuscript has been exhibited at the permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth in Warsaw. [4] [3]
The Sacramentary contains prayers for the priest celebrating Mass. [2] Magnificently decorated, it is one of the most precious artefacts of the Ottonian manuscript painting school. [2] [3] [5] The sumptuous form of The Sacramentary indicates that the codex belonged to the so-called king’s manuscripts, which reflected the monarchy’s splendour. [2]
The manuscript consists of 470 pages. [2] 38 of them is written in gold and silver on purple-stained parchment pages. [3] [2] Pages 7–30 contains a calendar. [1] The manuscript contains 13 decorated initials (two full-page plaited initials) and two fullpage miniatures – the Crucifixion and the Maiestas Domini. [2] [3] It also contains the oldest musical notation in Poland in chironomic form. [2]