The Tulipeae ( syn. Tulipoideae) Duby [1] is a tribe of monocotyledon perennial, herbaceous mainly bulbous flowering plants in the Liliaceae (lily) family. As originally conceived by Duby (1828), "Tulipaceae" was a tribe within Liliaceae, consisting of the genera Tulipa, Fritillaria and Lilium. [1]
Herbaceous non-climbing bulbous plants. Bulbs consisting of a single scale. Anthers pseudo-basifixed. fruit consists of a loculicidal capsule, seeds not winged. Tetrasporic embryo-sac formation with 7–8 nuclei. Nucella having a short base. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) non-Clintonia type. Chromosomes large - 2–11 μm (1–6 μm in Gagea). Genome size (3)4–25(70) pg, x = (9)12. Polyploidy common. [2]
Tulipeae remained a core group of the Liliaceae, containing the type genus, Lilium for most of its taxonomic history. For instance, Bentham and Hooker (1883), [3] placed Lilium together with Tulipa and five other genera in Liliaceae tribe Tulipeae.
In the modern era, Takhtadzhi︠an described the tribe as having four genera: [4]
Later only Tulipa and Erythronium were included, and Gagea was added. Tulipeae has been variously constructed, chiefly as either a tribe of the subfamily Lilioideae, [5] or a subfamily of Liliaceae itself (Tulipoideae). [6] However it has been proposed that Gagea should be in its own tribe, the Lloydieae. [7]
The evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships of Tulipeae within Liliaceae are shown in the following Cladogram.
Cladogram: Phylogeny and biogeography of the genera of the Liliaceae | |||||||||||||||
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Phylogenetic tree reflecting relationships based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. *=Liliaceae sensu Tamura; EA= Eurasia NA= North America |
Here, Tulipeae is shown as a clade within the broader construction of Lileae (sensu lato), or as a separate biogeographical tribe if the narrow sense of Lileae (sensu stricto) is adopted, with Lileae and Tulipeae as sister groups. The continuing use of Tulipeae as a separate tribe is supported by several authors. [7] [2]
Genera (species) [2]
Gagea is sister to the other three genera.
The Tulipeae ( syn. Tulipoideae) Duby [1] is a tribe of monocotyledon perennial, herbaceous mainly bulbous flowering plants in the Liliaceae (lily) family. As originally conceived by Duby (1828), "Tulipaceae" was a tribe within Liliaceae, consisting of the genera Tulipa, Fritillaria and Lilium. [1]
Herbaceous non-climbing bulbous plants. Bulbs consisting of a single scale. Anthers pseudo-basifixed. fruit consists of a loculicidal capsule, seeds not winged. Tetrasporic embryo-sac formation with 7–8 nuclei. Nucella having a short base. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) non-Clintonia type. Chromosomes large - 2–11 μm (1–6 μm in Gagea). Genome size (3)4–25(70) pg, x = (9)12. Polyploidy common. [2]
Tulipeae remained a core group of the Liliaceae, containing the type genus, Lilium for most of its taxonomic history. For instance, Bentham and Hooker (1883), [3] placed Lilium together with Tulipa and five other genera in Liliaceae tribe Tulipeae.
In the modern era, Takhtadzhi︠an described the tribe as having four genera: [4]
Later only Tulipa and Erythronium were included, and Gagea was added. Tulipeae has been variously constructed, chiefly as either a tribe of the subfamily Lilioideae, [5] or a subfamily of Liliaceae itself (Tulipoideae). [6] However it has been proposed that Gagea should be in its own tribe, the Lloydieae. [7]
The evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships of Tulipeae within Liliaceae are shown in the following Cladogram.
Cladogram: Phylogeny and biogeography of the genera of the Liliaceae | |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
Phylogenetic tree reflecting relationships based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. *=Liliaceae sensu Tamura; EA= Eurasia NA= North America |
Here, Tulipeae is shown as a clade within the broader construction of Lileae (sensu lato), or as a separate biogeographical tribe if the narrow sense of Lileae (sensu stricto) is adopted, with Lileae and Tulipeae as sister groups. The continuing use of Tulipeae as a separate tribe is supported by several authors. [7] [2]
Genera (species) [2]
Gagea is sister to the other three genera.