Trefoil factor 2 is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the TFF2gene.[5][6][7]
Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the
trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved
disulfides. They are stable secretory
proteins expressed in
gastrointestinalmucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the
mucus layer and affect healing of the
epithelium. The encoded protein inhibits
gastric acid secretion. This
gene and two other related trefoil family member genes are found in a
cluster on
chromosome 21.[7]
Glycan binding
All human trefoil factors are
lectins that interact specifically with the disaccharide
GlcNAc-α-1,4-
Gal.[8] This disaccharide is an unusual glycotope that is only known to exist on the large, heavily
glycosylated,
mucins in the mucosa. By cross-linking
mucins through the bivalent binding of this glycotope, the trefoil factors are then able to reversible modulate the thickness and viscosity of the mucus.[8]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Tomasetto C, Rockel N, Mattei MG, Fujita R, Rio MC (Sep 1992). "The gene encoding the human spasmolytic protein (SML1/hSP) is in 21q 22.3, physically linked to the homologous breast cancer marker gene BCEI/pS2". Genomics. 13 (4): 1328–30.
doi:
10.1016/0888-7543(92)90059-2.
PMID1505966.
May FE, Westley BR (1997). "Close physical linkage of the genes encoding the pNR-2/pS2 protein and human spasmolytic protein (hSP)". Hum. Genet. 99 (3): 303–7.
doi:
10.1007/s004390050362.
PMID9050913.
S2CID22603186.
Seib T, Blin N, Hilgert K, et al. (1997). "The three human trefoil genes TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 are located within a region of 55 kb on chromosome 21q22.3". Genomics. 40 (1): 200–2.
doi:
10.1006/geno.1996.4511.
PMID9070946.
Berry A, Scott HS, Kudoh J, et al. (2001). "Refined localization of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness DFNB10 locus using 34 novel microsatellite markers, genomic structure, and exclusion of six known genes in the region". Genomics. 68 (1): 22–9.
doi:
10.1006/geno.2000.6253.
PMID10950923.
Bulitta CJ, Fleming JV, Raychowdhury R, et al. (2002). "Autoinduction of the trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) promoter requires an upstream cis-acting element". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 293 (1): 366–74.
doi:
10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00199-7.
PMID12054609.
Trefoil factor 2 is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the TFF2gene.[5][6][7]
Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the
trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved
disulfides. They are stable secretory
proteins expressed in
gastrointestinalmucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the
mucus layer and affect healing of the
epithelium. The encoded protein inhibits
gastric acid secretion. This
gene and two other related trefoil family member genes are found in a
cluster on
chromosome 21.[7]
Glycan binding
All human trefoil factors are
lectins that interact specifically with the disaccharide
GlcNAc-α-1,4-
Gal.[8] This disaccharide is an unusual glycotope that is only known to exist on the large, heavily
glycosylated,
mucins in the mucosa. By cross-linking
mucins through the bivalent binding of this glycotope, the trefoil factors are then able to reversible modulate the thickness and viscosity of the mucus.[8]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Tomasetto C, Rockel N, Mattei MG, Fujita R, Rio MC (Sep 1992). "The gene encoding the human spasmolytic protein (SML1/hSP) is in 21q 22.3, physically linked to the homologous breast cancer marker gene BCEI/pS2". Genomics. 13 (4): 1328–30.
doi:
10.1016/0888-7543(92)90059-2.
PMID1505966.
May FE, Westley BR (1997). "Close physical linkage of the genes encoding the pNR-2/pS2 protein and human spasmolytic protein (hSP)". Hum. Genet. 99 (3): 303–7.
doi:
10.1007/s004390050362.
PMID9050913.
S2CID22603186.
Seib T, Blin N, Hilgert K, et al. (1997). "The three human trefoil genes TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 are located within a region of 55 kb on chromosome 21q22.3". Genomics. 40 (1): 200–2.
doi:
10.1006/geno.1996.4511.
PMID9070946.
Berry A, Scott HS, Kudoh J, et al. (2001). "Refined localization of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness DFNB10 locus using 34 novel microsatellite markers, genomic structure, and exclusion of six known genes in the region". Genomics. 68 (1): 22–9.
doi:
10.1006/geno.2000.6253.
PMID10950923.
Bulitta CJ, Fleming JV, Raychowdhury R, et al. (2002). "Autoinduction of the trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) promoter requires an upstream cis-acting element". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 293 (1): 366–74.
doi:
10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00199-7.
PMID12054609.