Trachycarpeae | |
---|---|
Johannesteijsmannia altifrons | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Arecales |
Family: | Arecaceae |
Subfamily: | Coryphoideae |
Tribe: |
Trachycarpeae Satake |
Type genus | |
Trachycarpus | |
Genera | |
Acoelorraphe
H.Wendl. |
Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae. [1] [2] It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia. [3] Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe ( Chamaerops humilis). [4] Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia. [5]
Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia). [3] Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia, Brahea, Pritchardia), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia, Johannesteijsmannia), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis, Acoelorraphe) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic. [3]
Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae. [6] The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae. [3] Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority. [3] In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae. [7]
Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together. [3] All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia. A single species ( Livistona carinensis) occurs in Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies. [6]
The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis, [8] while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala. [9] [10]
Trachycarpeae | |
---|---|
Johannesteijsmannia altifrons | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Arecales |
Family: | Arecaceae |
Subfamily: | Coryphoideae |
Tribe: |
Trachycarpeae Satake |
Type genus | |
Trachycarpus | |
Genera | |
Acoelorraphe
H.Wendl. |
Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae. [1] [2] It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia. [3] Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe ( Chamaerops humilis). [4] Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia. [5]
Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia). [3] Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia, Brahea, Pritchardia), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia, Johannesteijsmannia), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis, Acoelorraphe) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic. [3]
Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae. [6] The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae. [3] Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority. [3] In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae. [7]
Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together. [3] All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia. A single species ( Livistona carinensis) occurs in Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies. [6]
The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis, [8] while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala. [9] [10]