A town of fools is the base of a number of
joke cycles found in various cultures. Jokes of these cycles poke fun at the stupidity of the inhabitants of a real or fictional populated place (village, town, region, etc.). In
English folklore the best known butt of jokes of this type are the
Wise Men of Gotham. A number of works of
satire are set in a town of fools.
German
Schildbürger residents of fictitious – not the actual town of
Schilda. Stories about them originated from a 1597 book Das Lalebuch about the residents of a fictional town of Laleburg[2]
Greek residents of
Abdera. The Philogelos, a Greek-language joke book compiled in the 4th century AD, has a chapter dedicated to jokes about dumb Abderans.[3]
Example: An Abderan sees a
eunuch talking to a woman and asks whether she is his wife. The Eunuch replies that he is not able to have a wife. The man persists: "Perhaps she is your daughter?"[3]
Mendele Mocher Sforim set some of his stories in a fictional town of Glupsk ("Foolstown", from Russian, '
глупец' for "fool").
Dan Miron suggests[5] that its prototype may be found in a fictional town Ksalon[a], a Biblical name כְּסָלוֹן, Kesalon/Ksalon may allude to the Hebrew word kesil/ksil (כסיל), "fool",[6][7] from his story Beseter ra'am (
Hebrew: בסתר רעם),[b] a satirical description of life in a shtetl in Russian Empire.
Hillel Halkin gave his reasons why during his translation of Beseter ra'am he used the untranslated Hebrew name Ksalon instead of the "low hanging fruit" choice of "Foolsville".[7]
In
Isaac Mayer Dick 1872 novel Di orkhim in Duratshesok/Duratshtshok (Visitors in Durachok) the "fool's town" is a fictional Russian town of Durachok, where the Russian word
дурачок means "little fool". For some reason Dick decided to place Jewish simpletons in a Russian location.[9] In the book Dick draws a comparison of Duratshesok with Chelm saying that Helm has a reputation of vilde harishkeyn (wild foolishness) and gives the examples thereof, which turn out to be retellings of Schildbürger stories and their imitations.[9]
See also
Blason populaire, an umbrella genre of jokes which make use stereotypes of a particular group
^"Beseter ra'am" is a allusion to an expression in
Psalms 81:7 [8] variously translated as "in the secret place of thunder", "hidden in thunder", etc.
References
^Stith Thompson, Motif-index of folk-literature : a classification of narrative elements in folktales, ballads, myths, fables, medieval romances, exempla, fabliaux, jest-books, and local legends.J. THE WISE AND THE FOOLISH
^Werner Wunderlich, "Schildbürgerstreiche. Bericht zur Lalebuch- und Schildbürgerforschung", In: Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte, vol. 56, 1982, pp. 641–685.
A town of fools is the base of a number of
joke cycles found in various cultures. Jokes of these cycles poke fun at the stupidity of the inhabitants of a real or fictional populated place (village, town, region, etc.). In
English folklore the best known butt of jokes of this type are the
Wise Men of Gotham. A number of works of
satire are set in a town of fools.
German
Schildbürger residents of fictitious – not the actual town of
Schilda. Stories about them originated from a 1597 book Das Lalebuch about the residents of a fictional town of Laleburg[2]
Greek residents of
Abdera. The Philogelos, a Greek-language joke book compiled in the 4th century AD, has a chapter dedicated to jokes about dumb Abderans.[3]
Example: An Abderan sees a
eunuch talking to a woman and asks whether she is his wife. The Eunuch replies that he is not able to have a wife. The man persists: "Perhaps she is your daughter?"[3]
Mendele Mocher Sforim set some of his stories in a fictional town of Glupsk ("Foolstown", from Russian, '
глупец' for "fool").
Dan Miron suggests[5] that its prototype may be found in a fictional town Ksalon[a], a Biblical name כְּסָלוֹן, Kesalon/Ksalon may allude to the Hebrew word kesil/ksil (כסיל), "fool",[6][7] from his story Beseter ra'am (
Hebrew: בסתר רעם),[b] a satirical description of life in a shtetl in Russian Empire.
Hillel Halkin gave his reasons why during his translation of Beseter ra'am he used the untranslated Hebrew name Ksalon instead of the "low hanging fruit" choice of "Foolsville".[7]
In
Isaac Mayer Dick 1872 novel Di orkhim in Duratshesok/Duratshtshok (Visitors in Durachok) the "fool's town" is a fictional Russian town of Durachok, where the Russian word
дурачок means "little fool". For some reason Dick decided to place Jewish simpletons in a Russian location.[9] In the book Dick draws a comparison of Duratshesok with Chelm saying that Helm has a reputation of vilde harishkeyn (wild foolishness) and gives the examples thereof, which turn out to be retellings of Schildbürger stories and their imitations.[9]
See also
Blason populaire, an umbrella genre of jokes which make use stereotypes of a particular group
^"Beseter ra'am" is a allusion to an expression in
Psalms 81:7 [8] variously translated as "in the secret place of thunder", "hidden in thunder", etc.
References
^Stith Thompson, Motif-index of folk-literature : a classification of narrative elements in folktales, ballads, myths, fables, medieval romances, exempla, fabliaux, jest-books, and local legends.J. THE WISE AND THE FOOLISH
^Werner Wunderlich, "Schildbürgerstreiche. Bericht zur Lalebuch- und Schildbürgerforschung", In: Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte, vol. 56, 1982, pp. 641–685.