The first part of the timeline covers the development of cable across the country, including details of the cable-exclusive channels which launched in the 1990s as part of cable television's attempt to compete with
BSkyB's
satellite television.
The merger of
NTL and
Telewest effectively resulted in a single national network, covering just over half the country. The second part of the timeline covers
Virgin Media.
Pre-Virgin Media
1928
The foundations for cable television are laid in
Swindon when a company called Radio Relay starts transmitting two audio channels on a wire that runs around the town to a relatively small number of homes.[1]
1936
Rediffusion, a supplier of cable radio services since 1928, starts providing "Pipe TV" to customers, to coincide with the
BBC's launch of the world's first regular high-definition television service.[2]
1950
A cable network is launched in
Gloucester, to provide better television reception than is possible at the time via a rooftop aerial.[3] Further such systems were built in other cities over the next three decades and by the late 1970s, 2.5 million British homes received their television service via cable.[4]
1961
A new cable network launches in
Swindon to transmit television signals. As reception in the area is poor, take-up is high and by the end of the decade around 15,000 homes were paying to receive their pictures via cable television. However, only those channels available in the area are allowed to be carried on the system.
1964
The company which provides the cable relay service in Swindon is acquired by
Radio Rentals and is called Radio Rentals Cable.
15,000 people in Swindon are paying to receive their television pictures via cable television. However, because only existing terrestrial programmes could be put on the cable, and in consequence, the interest in cable started to decline as more and more BBC and ITV transmitters made reception clearer.
1972
The UK's Minister for Posts and Telecommunications authorises five experimental community cable television channels.[5] The first to launch is
Greenwich Cablevision.[6]
Greenwich Cablevision closes as a full-time service although programming made by volunteers keeps the station on air in a restricted form until the early 1980s.
Swindon Viewpoint’s experimental phase ends when EMI decided to pull out of funding the service. However, the channel continues after it was sold to the public of Swindon for £1.
1980
April – Regular programming on
Swindon Viewpoint ends when funding dries up.[11] but continues intermittently for the next decade with programmes made by volunteers.
1981
Radio Rental Cable Television launches the UK's first
pay-per-viewmovie channel, 'Cinematel', for cable viewers in
Swindon. The channel later expands to
Chatham in Kent. As well as showing movies, the channel also broadcasts some local programming, including one-off documentaries and shortly after a live news-magazine format programme, called Scene in Swindon launches. Also provided is a local
teletext service, with pages about film information, horoscopes, recipes, local bus times and job vacancies.
9 September –
Rediffusion launches a movie channel called
Starview.[12] It is allowed to launch the channel following a decision by the
Home Office granting several experimental licences to broadcast subscription television and Rediffusion had won one of these licenses.
1982
Proposals to liberalise cable television in the UK are drawn up. Previously, apart from the 1981 experiments, the cable networks were only allowed to relay the over-the-air channels.[13]
1983
Ahead of the enacting of the forthcoming liberalisation, the Government licenses eleven interim franchises for broadband systems. Each covers an individual town or city of around 100,000 homes.
1984
16 January –
Satellite Television Ltd launches in the UK on
Swindon Cable as Sky Channel with the opening ceremony involving
Kate Bush cutting a red ribbon. The channel initially broadcasts for five hours each night and as more operators start to carry the channel, its broadcast hours slowly expand.[14][15][16]
Thorn EMI, which operates
Swindon Cable, launches four channels – movie channel
The Entertainment Network, music channel
Music Box, sport channel
Screensport and
The Children's Channel. Despite being delivered by satellite, they are created with the planned roll-out of cable across the UK in mind. The Entertainment Network (rebranded as Premiere) and Music Box closed down by the end of the decade, Screensport (purchased by
WHSmith) merged with
Eurosport and moved to their frequencies in 1993, and The Children's Channel closed down at no notice in 1998.
The Cable and Broadcasting Act 1984 is enacted. This allows cable companies to offer as many channels as they liked, and also allowed cable companies to offer a telephone service in competition with
British Telecom.
1 December – The
Cable Authority comes into existence and on 1 January 1985 takes on the functions granted to it by the Cable and Broadcasting Act 1984, paving the way for fully commercial cable franchises to be awarded on a city-by-city basis.
1985
1 September – Ealing Cable launches
Home Video Channel, which shows
low-budget movies devoted to horror, action/adventure, science fiction and erotica are subsequently rolled out to other cable operators sending tapes and a copy of the programme schedule so that could be played out locally.[17]
20 December – United Artists Programming launches
Bravo.[18] It shows mainly
black & white B-movies from the 1950s and 1960s. The channel remains a cable-exclusive service until it launches on satellite in July 1993.
Swindon's cable service is re-branded as
Swindon Cable and its news programme is renamed as part of this move and became Focus on Swindon. The channel increases the programme's frequency from twice a week to three times a week.
1986
4 February –
Thorn EMI sells its stake in Swindon Cable to
British Telecom and the new owners axe Focus on Swindon and other local programming and replaces it with bought-in content.
August –
Star Channel launches as an alternative film service which broadcasts between 6.30pm and 2.00am, it has been distributed to several cable operators on
videotape form rather than by
satellite.
1987
March – Ealing Cable sells HVC to
Premiere.[19] The new owner continues with the channel's existing operational model including the distribution of tapes, and increases its broadcasting hours.
July – The loss for expected closure of Star Channel following its merger with Premiere to reduce the remaining film services include
Bravo and
Home Video Channel.
1988
United Cable of Denver purchases Croydon Cable and subsequently merges with United Artists Cable International.
Swindon cable's TV channel is relaunched as
Swindon's Local Channel. This sees the return to the service of local news, sport and one-off documentaries.
25 March –
British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB) launches its five-channel service and for the first five weeks, the channels are only available on cable. In November BSB and Sky TV merge and a month later two of the five BSB channels -
Galaxy and
Now - are closed down.
In its final annual report, published at its demise, the Cable Authority stated that by the end of 1990, even though almost 15 million homes had been included in franchised areas, only 828,000 of these had been passed by broadband cable and only 149,000 were subscribing.[20]
United Artists Programming initiates a trial project to provide coverage of Yesterday in the Commons to cable networks across the UK.[22]
1992
The major cable companies join to form 'Cable Programme Partners One (CPP1)', to try to provide alternative content to the satellite-dominated multi-channel environment of the time.
13 January – Following on from the success of Yesterday in the Commons, United Artists Cable launches a full time channel providing live and recorded coverage of the British Parliament called
The Parliamentary Channel.[23]
April – On-demand music video channel
The Box launches. Initially launched in four cable areas, it slowly rolls out on a regional basis across the entire cable network before getting its first berth on satellite in 1998.
4 May –
Wire TV launches. Branding itself as 'The Cable Channel', this is the flagship channel of CPP1. Wire TV broadcasts a mix of entertainment, lifestyle and sport from 1pm until 11pm and includes two hours each day of regional programming.[24]
October – Country music channel
CMT Europe launches on cable. The following year it starts part-time broadcasts on
Astra and it doesn't get a full-time service on satellite until later in the 1990s.
December -
The Performance Channel launches in the UK. It broadcasts arts programming each night from 7pm until the early hours. It remains a cable-exclusive channel until 2003 and ended broadcasting in July 2008.[25][26]
Following the merger of TCI and United Artists, they launch a joint venture called
Telewest Communications.
1993
Barclay Knapp and George Blumenthal, the founders of the cellular network company Cellular Communications, Inc., establish International CableTel.
February –
Travel launches exclusively on cable, broadcasting daily between midday and midnight.
2 March –
Wire TV’s backers outbid
BSkyB to the rights for the
1996 Cricket World Cup as part of a plan to set up a sports channel to take on
Sky Sports.[29] Wire TV's evening programming is by now devoted to sport under the name Sportswire with the daytime entertainment programming called LiveWire.[30]
16 January –
Mirror Group plc launches Mirror Television by purchasing
Wire TV. It plans to launch Sportswire as a full-time channel and replace Wire TV with a new channel called
L!VE TV.
May – Ahead of the planned launch of Sportswire as a full-time channel,
Wire TV closes.[32]
1 June –
SelecTV launches. It is a general entertainment channel which broadcasts each weeknight from 5pm until midnight and a midday start on weekends.
June – TCI (owners of Telewest) and
NYNEX, two of the main players of CPP1, do a deal with BSkyB which includes a clause that the cable operators do not launch any rival channels to those already operated by Sky. This marks the end of CPP1 and causes the collapse of sports channel Sportswire, days before its launch.
12 June –
L!VE TV launches as Mirror Television's sole television channel.[33]
June – Telewest merges with SBC Communications, adding franchises in the Midlands and North West serving 1.3 million homes.
1 October –
The Sci Fi Channel launches in the UK but its full-time hours (8am to 4am) are only broadcast on cable due to a lack of space on satellite. It broadcasts on satellite for only three hours each evening, and satellite viewers have to wait until the launch of
Sky Digital in 1998 to see the channel's full-time output.
1996
A number of cable companies drop
CMT Europe. This dents its reach and the channel closes 18 months later.
1 September –
The Weather Network and
The Weather Channel launch on various cable networks. They use the regional nature of cable to provide regional weather forecasts. However both channels are gone within two years due to low viewership.
2 September –
Carlton Food Network launches. It broadcasts on weekday afternoons and shares space with
SelecTV.
9 November – As part of its foray into digital television, the BBC launches
BBC News 24. However, the channel launches almost a year prior to the launch of digital television in the UK and is only available 24 hours a day on cable, with all other viewers only able to watch the channel overnight on
BBC One.
Front Row is created to provide a near on-demand pay-per-view movies service for cable television. However,
Cable & Wireless chooses not to carry the service, instead opting for
Sky Box Office.
Telewest also acquires the outstanding interest in Birmingham Cable, adding a further 1.7 million franchise homes in Yorkshire, west London and Birmingham.
19 May – CableTel adopts NTL as its new name.
2 September – The BBC purchases The Parliamentary Channel and relaunches it as
BBC Parliament.
25 September – Local news channel
Channel One closes at 6pm.[37]
1 October –
Sky Digital launches, becoming the UK's first digital television service.[38] Consequently, a number of channels which had only been available full-time on cable are now able to broadcast their full schedule on satellite.
15 November – Rival digital television service
ONdigital launches.[39] Two of the channels –
Carlton Food Network and
Carlton Select – had been available exclusively on cable since the mid-1990s.
1999
NTL buys
Cambridge Cable, which over its 11-year history had expanded to cover all of Cambridgeshire and Essex.[40]
Following its launch on satellite,
The Box closes its regional versions in favour of a single national channel.
2000
March – Following the closure of
Carlton Select,
Carlton Cinema launches in its place on cable. Carlton Select had shared space on cable with
Carlton Food Network and this arrangement continues meaning that on cable, Carlton Cinema is only available during the evening and overnight.
17 May – The completion of
NTL's purchase of Cable & Wireless’ cable assets takes place[45][46][47] two months after the sale was cleared by the
Competition Commission.[48]
1 August – The
ITN News Channel launches. It is a joint venture between ITN and
NTL, which owns 35% of the channel.
2 November – Telewest acquires
Eurobell, taking the total number of homes passed to 4.9 million.[49]
Telewest and
NTL launch their digital television services.
June – Carlton Television and Granada Television purchase ITN's 65% stake in the ITN News Channel and on 30 September it is renamed as the
ITV News Channel. NTL retains its 35% stake.
Following the purchase of Isle of Wight Cable and Telephone Company by
CLS Holdings, the service is renamed
WightCable.
1 February –
CLS Holdings, owners of
WightCable, acquires a 76% stake in Omne Communications for £4.1 million, saving it from closure[53] and later in 2003, Omne is rebranded WightCable North.
January – Both
NTL and Telewest start rolling out video-on-demand services.[55]
CLS Holdings sells the assets of Wightcable to private investors in 2005, who formed WightCable (2005) Ltd and in 2012 WightCable was rebranded as WightFibre.
At the start of 2006, Telewest becomes the first company in the UK to launch a
high-definition service.[57] It provides between 10 and 30 hours of on-demand content in HD, and that summer it provides HD access to some
2006 FIFA World Cup matches to customers who have the TV Drive box.
January –
CLS Holdings sells
WightCable North, at a loss of £2.1 million, to Netfonics[58][59] Just over a year later WightCable North is rebranded as Smallworld Media, then to Smallworld Cable (2009) and to Smallworld Fibre in 2013.[60]
31 March – Wrights Radio Relay, the last CATV system in the UK which still carried analogue as well as DVB closes down after 57 years of operation in Newtown Mid Wales.
Virgin Media
2006
8 November –
Virgin Media comes into being when NTL and Telewest does a deal to license the Virgin name.[61]
24 November – Virgin Media enters into a strategic partnership with
TiVo.[75] Under the mutually exclusive agreement, TiVo will develop a converged television and broadband interactive interface to power Virgin Media's next generation, high definition
set top boxes. Virgin Media will be the exclusive distributor of TiVo services and technology in the United Kingdom.
2010
1 March – Virgin Media switches off analogue cable service in Manchester.
4 June – British Sky Broadcasting and Virgin Media announce that they have reached an agreement for the acquisition by Sky of
Virgin Media Television.[76][77] The take-over is completed on 13 July.[78]
20 July –
Film4 HD launches exclusively on
Virgin Media[79][80] and remains exclusive to the platform until it launches on Sky in 2013.
3 September – Virgin 1 is rebranded as
Channel One because the Virgin name was not licensed to Sky.
December – Virgin Media releases its first
TiVo co-branded product.[81]
2011
1 February –
Sky Atlantic launches. However the channel does not launch on Virgin Media and to this day it is still not available on the cable platform.
19 December – Virgin Media signs a deal with
BBC Sport allowing the cable company to provide extra coverage of sports events, including live video streams of the
2012 Olympic Games.[85]
2012
January – Virgin Media shuts down its analogue service in
Westminster. Due to a dispute with BT, which owns the cables, Virgin was not able to obtain the access required to launch its digital service in the area.[86]
February – The
V+ box stops being available to new customers as it starts to be phased out in favour of
TiVo boxes.
8 February – For the first time, a UK cable company moves into profit when Virgin Media announces a small profit for 2011.[87]
13 September – Movies-on-demand service
FilmFlex is renamed Virgin Movies.[88]
15 August –
BT Sport starts broadcasting on Virgin Media, a month after the channel's launch. Virgin makes the channel available in its XL package as had been the case with
Setanta Sports and with ESPN.[90]
25 October – Four years after launching,
Premier Sports finally becomes available on Virgin Media. It launches one day prior to the start of the
2013 Rugby League World Cup and is available to all viewers until early 2014.[91]
28 November – Virgin Media shuts down its analogue service in
Milton Keynes. As was the case in Westminster, BT and Virgin Media were not able to reach an agreement allowing Virgin the physical access needed to launch its digital service.
Virgin Media launches four music channels but they are only available as an app to
TiVo customers by pressing the red button on channel 345. This is the first time that Virgin Media has launched channels in this way. Later in 2016, one of the channels –
Clubland TV – launches as a linear channel meaning that it can be viewed by non-Tivo customers with the other channels accessible by pressing red.[95]
Virgin Media adds the
Vevo streaming music service, again only for
Tivo customers.[96]
24 August –
Sky Sports Mix launches and is available from day one on Virgin Media. Also launching on the platform at around the same time are a number of channels already available on Freeview, including
Spike,
truTV and
Movie Mix.[97]
November – Virgin Media launches a new
set top box, the
TiVo-powered Virgin V6 Box. It is only available to customers who also take Virgin Media's internet service.[98]
1 June –
Talking Pictures TV appears on Virgin Media, two years after it launched on other platforms.[100]
18 July –
Sky Sports is revamped. The numbered services are dropped in favour of dedicated channels devoted to their core sports properties with all other sports moved to two new channels – Action and Arena.[101] Sky allows customers to subscribe to specific channels but Virgin Media customers have to take all the channels or none at all.
2018
8 February – Virgin Media signs its first deal with a US streaming service when it announces a partnership with
Amazon to co-fund a sci-fi series The Feed.[102]
21 July – A number of channels start broadcasting on Virgin Media. These include
FreeSports,
Paramount Network,
YourTV,
Vice and
Horse & Country TV which had all been available on other platforms for some time, and
Now 80s, which had previously been available via the red button on
Clubland TV, launches as a linear channel. Also, two channels from Canadian company
Blue Ant Media –
Love Nature and children's channel
ZooMoo – launch. Both are exclusive to Virgin Media in the UK.[103]
22 July – The
UKTV channels stop broadcasting on
Virgin Media.[104] The dispute receives considerable media attention.[105]
27 July – Virgin Media agrees a new three-year deal with
ITV after more than a year of discussions.[106]
30 July –
BT Sport’s 4K HD channel launches on Virgin Media.[107]
11 August – The
UKTV channels return to Virgin Media. The long term deal sees the HD versions of
Dave and
Gold launch on Virgin Media.[108]
17 September – Virgin Media launches a linear UHD channel, becoming Virgin's first linear television channel since it sold
its channels to Sky in 2010. It broadcasts a mix of drama, documentaries and music to customers who have its premium V6 set-top box.[109]
25 September – For the first time, Virgin Media removes standard definition (SD) channels when
Gold's SD channel is removed from the platform.
4 December – Virgin Media removes the SD versions of
BT Sport.
11 December –
BBC Two in SD is replaced on channel 102 by the high definition version although BBC Two continues to be available in SD as BBC Two England on channel 862.[110]
March –
Now 90s, which had previously only been available via the red button on
Clubland TV and
Now 80s, launches on Virgin Media EPG. Sister channel
Total Country also launches on the same day.[115]
18 July – Virgin Media signs what it describes as an "extended deal" with Sky but once again,
Sky Atlantic is not included. However the deal will see Sky's UHD content launching on Virgin Media in 2020.[116]
2020
7 January – Almost a decade after it was removed,
MTV Classic re-appears on Virgin Media. It relaunches on the platform following the closure of
VH1.[117]
2021
25 February – The UHD content from Sky announced in 2019 appears following the launch on Virgin Media of Sky Entertainment and Sky Cinema Ultra HD.[118]
1 September –
CNN International is removed from
Virgin Media - the reason given is "WarnerMedia’s plans to move [the channel] to a subscription model."[119][120]
2022
26 January – Virgin Media removes all of the remaining standard definition versions of BBC channels, although
BBC Parliament in SD isn't removed until 12 April.[121]
27 September –
Channel 4 HD moves to position 104 when it axes the standard definition version of the channel.[122]
2023
24 January – Virgin Media instigates its biggest cull of standard definition channels so far when it removes standard definition channels from, among others, ITV, Channel 5 and the majority of the Sky channels.[123]
4 July – Virgin Media makes its biggest ever set of changes to its EPG with more than 80 channel moves. The changes see the +1 channels grouped together lower down the EPG, along with a merger of the entertainment, lifestyle and documentary channels.[124]
1 August – Virgin Media becomes the first UK television provider to launch
FAST channels on its EPG. However, these channels are only available to customers who have Virgin Media's newest set-top boxes.[125][126][127]
2024
Virgin Media announces that it will replace its older HFC cable network with FTTP by 2028, retiring and replacing the cable television service with the
IPTV-based Virgin Media Stream.[128]
The first part of the timeline covers the development of cable across the country, including details of the cable-exclusive channels which launched in the 1990s as part of cable television's attempt to compete with
BSkyB's
satellite television.
The merger of
NTL and
Telewest effectively resulted in a single national network, covering just over half the country. The second part of the timeline covers
Virgin Media.
Pre-Virgin Media
1928
The foundations for cable television are laid in
Swindon when a company called Radio Relay starts transmitting two audio channels on a wire that runs around the town to a relatively small number of homes.[1]
1936
Rediffusion, a supplier of cable radio services since 1928, starts providing "Pipe TV" to customers, to coincide with the
BBC's launch of the world's first regular high-definition television service.[2]
1950
A cable network is launched in
Gloucester, to provide better television reception than is possible at the time via a rooftop aerial.[3] Further such systems were built in other cities over the next three decades and by the late 1970s, 2.5 million British homes received their television service via cable.[4]
1961
A new cable network launches in
Swindon to transmit television signals. As reception in the area is poor, take-up is high and by the end of the decade around 15,000 homes were paying to receive their pictures via cable television. However, only those channels available in the area are allowed to be carried on the system.
1964
The company which provides the cable relay service in Swindon is acquired by
Radio Rentals and is called Radio Rentals Cable.
15,000 people in Swindon are paying to receive their television pictures via cable television. However, because only existing terrestrial programmes could be put on the cable, and in consequence, the interest in cable started to decline as more and more BBC and ITV transmitters made reception clearer.
1972
The UK's Minister for Posts and Telecommunications authorises five experimental community cable television channels.[5] The first to launch is
Greenwich Cablevision.[6]
Greenwich Cablevision closes as a full-time service although programming made by volunteers keeps the station on air in a restricted form until the early 1980s.
Swindon Viewpoint’s experimental phase ends when EMI decided to pull out of funding the service. However, the channel continues after it was sold to the public of Swindon for £1.
1980
April – Regular programming on
Swindon Viewpoint ends when funding dries up.[11] but continues intermittently for the next decade with programmes made by volunteers.
1981
Radio Rental Cable Television launches the UK's first
pay-per-viewmovie channel, 'Cinematel', for cable viewers in
Swindon. The channel later expands to
Chatham in Kent. As well as showing movies, the channel also broadcasts some local programming, including one-off documentaries and shortly after a live news-magazine format programme, called Scene in Swindon launches. Also provided is a local
teletext service, with pages about film information, horoscopes, recipes, local bus times and job vacancies.
9 September –
Rediffusion launches a movie channel called
Starview.[12] It is allowed to launch the channel following a decision by the
Home Office granting several experimental licences to broadcast subscription television and Rediffusion had won one of these licenses.
1982
Proposals to liberalise cable television in the UK are drawn up. Previously, apart from the 1981 experiments, the cable networks were only allowed to relay the over-the-air channels.[13]
1983
Ahead of the enacting of the forthcoming liberalisation, the Government licenses eleven interim franchises for broadband systems. Each covers an individual town or city of around 100,000 homes.
1984
16 January –
Satellite Television Ltd launches in the UK on
Swindon Cable as Sky Channel with the opening ceremony involving
Kate Bush cutting a red ribbon. The channel initially broadcasts for five hours each night and as more operators start to carry the channel, its broadcast hours slowly expand.[14][15][16]
Thorn EMI, which operates
Swindon Cable, launches four channels – movie channel
The Entertainment Network, music channel
Music Box, sport channel
Screensport and
The Children's Channel. Despite being delivered by satellite, they are created with the planned roll-out of cable across the UK in mind. The Entertainment Network (rebranded as Premiere) and Music Box closed down by the end of the decade, Screensport (purchased by
WHSmith) merged with
Eurosport and moved to their frequencies in 1993, and The Children's Channel closed down at no notice in 1998.
The Cable and Broadcasting Act 1984 is enacted. This allows cable companies to offer as many channels as they liked, and also allowed cable companies to offer a telephone service in competition with
British Telecom.
1 December – The
Cable Authority comes into existence and on 1 January 1985 takes on the functions granted to it by the Cable and Broadcasting Act 1984, paving the way for fully commercial cable franchises to be awarded on a city-by-city basis.
1985
1 September – Ealing Cable launches
Home Video Channel, which shows
low-budget movies devoted to horror, action/adventure, science fiction and erotica are subsequently rolled out to other cable operators sending tapes and a copy of the programme schedule so that could be played out locally.[17]
20 December – United Artists Programming launches
Bravo.[18] It shows mainly
black & white B-movies from the 1950s and 1960s. The channel remains a cable-exclusive service until it launches on satellite in July 1993.
Swindon's cable service is re-branded as
Swindon Cable and its news programme is renamed as part of this move and became Focus on Swindon. The channel increases the programme's frequency from twice a week to three times a week.
1986
4 February –
Thorn EMI sells its stake in Swindon Cable to
British Telecom and the new owners axe Focus on Swindon and other local programming and replaces it with bought-in content.
August –
Star Channel launches as an alternative film service which broadcasts between 6.30pm and 2.00am, it has been distributed to several cable operators on
videotape form rather than by
satellite.
1987
March – Ealing Cable sells HVC to
Premiere.[19] The new owner continues with the channel's existing operational model including the distribution of tapes, and increases its broadcasting hours.
July – The loss for expected closure of Star Channel following its merger with Premiere to reduce the remaining film services include
Bravo and
Home Video Channel.
1988
United Cable of Denver purchases Croydon Cable and subsequently merges with United Artists Cable International.
Swindon cable's TV channel is relaunched as
Swindon's Local Channel. This sees the return to the service of local news, sport and one-off documentaries.
25 March –
British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB) launches its five-channel service and for the first five weeks, the channels are only available on cable. In November BSB and Sky TV merge and a month later two of the five BSB channels -
Galaxy and
Now - are closed down.
In its final annual report, published at its demise, the Cable Authority stated that by the end of 1990, even though almost 15 million homes had been included in franchised areas, only 828,000 of these had been passed by broadband cable and only 149,000 were subscribing.[20]
United Artists Programming initiates a trial project to provide coverage of Yesterday in the Commons to cable networks across the UK.[22]
1992
The major cable companies join to form 'Cable Programme Partners One (CPP1)', to try to provide alternative content to the satellite-dominated multi-channel environment of the time.
13 January – Following on from the success of Yesterday in the Commons, United Artists Cable launches a full time channel providing live and recorded coverage of the British Parliament called
The Parliamentary Channel.[23]
April – On-demand music video channel
The Box launches. Initially launched in four cable areas, it slowly rolls out on a regional basis across the entire cable network before getting its first berth on satellite in 1998.
4 May –
Wire TV launches. Branding itself as 'The Cable Channel', this is the flagship channel of CPP1. Wire TV broadcasts a mix of entertainment, lifestyle and sport from 1pm until 11pm and includes two hours each day of regional programming.[24]
October – Country music channel
CMT Europe launches on cable. The following year it starts part-time broadcasts on
Astra and it doesn't get a full-time service on satellite until later in the 1990s.
December -
The Performance Channel launches in the UK. It broadcasts arts programming each night from 7pm until the early hours. It remains a cable-exclusive channel until 2003 and ended broadcasting in July 2008.[25][26]
Following the merger of TCI and United Artists, they launch a joint venture called
Telewest Communications.
1993
Barclay Knapp and George Blumenthal, the founders of the cellular network company Cellular Communications, Inc., establish International CableTel.
February –
Travel launches exclusively on cable, broadcasting daily between midday and midnight.
2 March –
Wire TV’s backers outbid
BSkyB to the rights for the
1996 Cricket World Cup as part of a plan to set up a sports channel to take on
Sky Sports.[29] Wire TV's evening programming is by now devoted to sport under the name Sportswire with the daytime entertainment programming called LiveWire.[30]
16 January –
Mirror Group plc launches Mirror Television by purchasing
Wire TV. It plans to launch Sportswire as a full-time channel and replace Wire TV with a new channel called
L!VE TV.
May – Ahead of the planned launch of Sportswire as a full-time channel,
Wire TV closes.[32]
1 June –
SelecTV launches. It is a general entertainment channel which broadcasts each weeknight from 5pm until midnight and a midday start on weekends.
June – TCI (owners of Telewest) and
NYNEX, two of the main players of CPP1, do a deal with BSkyB which includes a clause that the cable operators do not launch any rival channels to those already operated by Sky. This marks the end of CPP1 and causes the collapse of sports channel Sportswire, days before its launch.
12 June –
L!VE TV launches as Mirror Television's sole television channel.[33]
June – Telewest merges with SBC Communications, adding franchises in the Midlands and North West serving 1.3 million homes.
1 October –
The Sci Fi Channel launches in the UK but its full-time hours (8am to 4am) are only broadcast on cable due to a lack of space on satellite. It broadcasts on satellite for only three hours each evening, and satellite viewers have to wait until the launch of
Sky Digital in 1998 to see the channel's full-time output.
1996
A number of cable companies drop
CMT Europe. This dents its reach and the channel closes 18 months later.
1 September –
The Weather Network and
The Weather Channel launch on various cable networks. They use the regional nature of cable to provide regional weather forecasts. However both channels are gone within two years due to low viewership.
2 September –
Carlton Food Network launches. It broadcasts on weekday afternoons and shares space with
SelecTV.
9 November – As part of its foray into digital television, the BBC launches
BBC News 24. However, the channel launches almost a year prior to the launch of digital television in the UK and is only available 24 hours a day on cable, with all other viewers only able to watch the channel overnight on
BBC One.
Front Row is created to provide a near on-demand pay-per-view movies service for cable television. However,
Cable & Wireless chooses not to carry the service, instead opting for
Sky Box Office.
Telewest also acquires the outstanding interest in Birmingham Cable, adding a further 1.7 million franchise homes in Yorkshire, west London and Birmingham.
19 May – CableTel adopts NTL as its new name.
2 September – The BBC purchases The Parliamentary Channel and relaunches it as
BBC Parliament.
25 September – Local news channel
Channel One closes at 6pm.[37]
1 October –
Sky Digital launches, becoming the UK's first digital television service.[38] Consequently, a number of channels which had only been available full-time on cable are now able to broadcast their full schedule on satellite.
15 November – Rival digital television service
ONdigital launches.[39] Two of the channels –
Carlton Food Network and
Carlton Select – had been available exclusively on cable since the mid-1990s.
1999
NTL buys
Cambridge Cable, which over its 11-year history had expanded to cover all of Cambridgeshire and Essex.[40]
Following its launch on satellite,
The Box closes its regional versions in favour of a single national channel.
2000
March – Following the closure of
Carlton Select,
Carlton Cinema launches in its place on cable. Carlton Select had shared space on cable with
Carlton Food Network and this arrangement continues meaning that on cable, Carlton Cinema is only available during the evening and overnight.
17 May – The completion of
NTL's purchase of Cable & Wireless’ cable assets takes place[45][46][47] two months after the sale was cleared by the
Competition Commission.[48]
1 August – The
ITN News Channel launches. It is a joint venture between ITN and
NTL, which owns 35% of the channel.
2 November – Telewest acquires
Eurobell, taking the total number of homes passed to 4.9 million.[49]
Telewest and
NTL launch their digital television services.
June – Carlton Television and Granada Television purchase ITN's 65% stake in the ITN News Channel and on 30 September it is renamed as the
ITV News Channel. NTL retains its 35% stake.
Following the purchase of Isle of Wight Cable and Telephone Company by
CLS Holdings, the service is renamed
WightCable.
1 February –
CLS Holdings, owners of
WightCable, acquires a 76% stake in Omne Communications for £4.1 million, saving it from closure[53] and later in 2003, Omne is rebranded WightCable North.
January – Both
NTL and Telewest start rolling out video-on-demand services.[55]
CLS Holdings sells the assets of Wightcable to private investors in 2005, who formed WightCable (2005) Ltd and in 2012 WightCable was rebranded as WightFibre.
At the start of 2006, Telewest becomes the first company in the UK to launch a
high-definition service.[57] It provides between 10 and 30 hours of on-demand content in HD, and that summer it provides HD access to some
2006 FIFA World Cup matches to customers who have the TV Drive box.
January –
CLS Holdings sells
WightCable North, at a loss of £2.1 million, to Netfonics[58][59] Just over a year later WightCable North is rebranded as Smallworld Media, then to Smallworld Cable (2009) and to Smallworld Fibre in 2013.[60]
31 March – Wrights Radio Relay, the last CATV system in the UK which still carried analogue as well as DVB closes down after 57 years of operation in Newtown Mid Wales.
Virgin Media
2006
8 November –
Virgin Media comes into being when NTL and Telewest does a deal to license the Virgin name.[61]
24 November – Virgin Media enters into a strategic partnership with
TiVo.[75] Under the mutually exclusive agreement, TiVo will develop a converged television and broadband interactive interface to power Virgin Media's next generation, high definition
set top boxes. Virgin Media will be the exclusive distributor of TiVo services and technology in the United Kingdom.
2010
1 March – Virgin Media switches off analogue cable service in Manchester.
4 June – British Sky Broadcasting and Virgin Media announce that they have reached an agreement for the acquisition by Sky of
Virgin Media Television.[76][77] The take-over is completed on 13 July.[78]
20 July –
Film4 HD launches exclusively on
Virgin Media[79][80] and remains exclusive to the platform until it launches on Sky in 2013.
3 September – Virgin 1 is rebranded as
Channel One because the Virgin name was not licensed to Sky.
December – Virgin Media releases its first
TiVo co-branded product.[81]
2011
1 February –
Sky Atlantic launches. However the channel does not launch on Virgin Media and to this day it is still not available on the cable platform.
19 December – Virgin Media signs a deal with
BBC Sport allowing the cable company to provide extra coverage of sports events, including live video streams of the
2012 Olympic Games.[85]
2012
January – Virgin Media shuts down its analogue service in
Westminster. Due to a dispute with BT, which owns the cables, Virgin was not able to obtain the access required to launch its digital service in the area.[86]
February – The
V+ box stops being available to new customers as it starts to be phased out in favour of
TiVo boxes.
8 February – For the first time, a UK cable company moves into profit when Virgin Media announces a small profit for 2011.[87]
13 September – Movies-on-demand service
FilmFlex is renamed Virgin Movies.[88]
15 August –
BT Sport starts broadcasting on Virgin Media, a month after the channel's launch. Virgin makes the channel available in its XL package as had been the case with
Setanta Sports and with ESPN.[90]
25 October – Four years after launching,
Premier Sports finally becomes available on Virgin Media. It launches one day prior to the start of the
2013 Rugby League World Cup and is available to all viewers until early 2014.[91]
28 November – Virgin Media shuts down its analogue service in
Milton Keynes. As was the case in Westminster, BT and Virgin Media were not able to reach an agreement allowing Virgin the physical access needed to launch its digital service.
Virgin Media launches four music channels but they are only available as an app to
TiVo customers by pressing the red button on channel 345. This is the first time that Virgin Media has launched channels in this way. Later in 2016, one of the channels –
Clubland TV – launches as a linear channel meaning that it can be viewed by non-Tivo customers with the other channels accessible by pressing red.[95]
Virgin Media adds the
Vevo streaming music service, again only for
Tivo customers.[96]
24 August –
Sky Sports Mix launches and is available from day one on Virgin Media. Also launching on the platform at around the same time are a number of channels already available on Freeview, including
Spike,
truTV and
Movie Mix.[97]
November – Virgin Media launches a new
set top box, the
TiVo-powered Virgin V6 Box. It is only available to customers who also take Virgin Media's internet service.[98]
1 June –
Talking Pictures TV appears on Virgin Media, two years after it launched on other platforms.[100]
18 July –
Sky Sports is revamped. The numbered services are dropped in favour of dedicated channels devoted to their core sports properties with all other sports moved to two new channels – Action and Arena.[101] Sky allows customers to subscribe to specific channels but Virgin Media customers have to take all the channels or none at all.
2018
8 February – Virgin Media signs its first deal with a US streaming service when it announces a partnership with
Amazon to co-fund a sci-fi series The Feed.[102]
21 July – A number of channels start broadcasting on Virgin Media. These include
FreeSports,
Paramount Network,
YourTV,
Vice and
Horse & Country TV which had all been available on other platforms for some time, and
Now 80s, which had previously been available via the red button on
Clubland TV, launches as a linear channel. Also, two channels from Canadian company
Blue Ant Media –
Love Nature and children's channel
ZooMoo – launch. Both are exclusive to Virgin Media in the UK.[103]
22 July – The
UKTV channels stop broadcasting on
Virgin Media.[104] The dispute receives considerable media attention.[105]
27 July – Virgin Media agrees a new three-year deal with
ITV after more than a year of discussions.[106]
30 July –
BT Sport’s 4K HD channel launches on Virgin Media.[107]
11 August – The
UKTV channels return to Virgin Media. The long term deal sees the HD versions of
Dave and
Gold launch on Virgin Media.[108]
17 September – Virgin Media launches a linear UHD channel, becoming Virgin's first linear television channel since it sold
its channels to Sky in 2010. It broadcasts a mix of drama, documentaries and music to customers who have its premium V6 set-top box.[109]
25 September – For the first time, Virgin Media removes standard definition (SD) channels when
Gold's SD channel is removed from the platform.
4 December – Virgin Media removes the SD versions of
BT Sport.
11 December –
BBC Two in SD is replaced on channel 102 by the high definition version although BBC Two continues to be available in SD as BBC Two England on channel 862.[110]
March –
Now 90s, which had previously only been available via the red button on
Clubland TV and
Now 80s, launches on Virgin Media EPG. Sister channel
Total Country also launches on the same day.[115]
18 July – Virgin Media signs what it describes as an "extended deal" with Sky but once again,
Sky Atlantic is not included. However the deal will see Sky's UHD content launching on Virgin Media in 2020.[116]
2020
7 January – Almost a decade after it was removed,
MTV Classic re-appears on Virgin Media. It relaunches on the platform following the closure of
VH1.[117]
2021
25 February – The UHD content from Sky announced in 2019 appears following the launch on Virgin Media of Sky Entertainment and Sky Cinema Ultra HD.[118]
1 September –
CNN International is removed from
Virgin Media - the reason given is "WarnerMedia’s plans to move [the channel] to a subscription model."[119][120]
2022
26 January – Virgin Media removes all of the remaining standard definition versions of BBC channels, although
BBC Parliament in SD isn't removed until 12 April.[121]
27 September –
Channel 4 HD moves to position 104 when it axes the standard definition version of the channel.[122]
2023
24 January – Virgin Media instigates its biggest cull of standard definition channels so far when it removes standard definition channels from, among others, ITV, Channel 5 and the majority of the Sky channels.[123]
4 July – Virgin Media makes its biggest ever set of changes to its EPG with more than 80 channel moves. The changes see the +1 channels grouped together lower down the EPG, along with a merger of the entertainment, lifestyle and documentary channels.[124]
1 August – Virgin Media becomes the first UK television provider to launch
FAST channels on its EPG. However, these channels are only available to customers who have Virgin Media's newest set-top boxes.[125][126][127]
2024
Virgin Media announces that it will replace its older HFC cable network with FTTP by 2028, retiring and replacing the cable television service with the
IPTV-based Virgin Media Stream.[128]