50,000–45,000 BP – Near
Penrith, a
far western suburb of Sydney, numerous Aboriginal stone tools were found in Cranebrook Terraces gravel sediments dating to this time period; at first when these results were new they were controversial. More recently in 1987 and 2003, dating of the same strata has revised and corroborated these dates.[1]
30,000 BP –
Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity occurred in and around the
Sydney basin, as evidenced by an archaeological dig in
Parramatta, in
Western Sydney.[2][3] The finds show that the Aboriginal Australians in that region used
charcoal, stone tools and possible ancient campfires.[4][5]
4,000–2,000 BC – The first backed stone artifacts developed, such as
blades and
spears. The stones would drill, scrape, cut and grind material. They were also associated with
woodworking.[8]
1,000–500 BC – Bone and shell usage dating to this period discovered. They would've been attached to fishing
spear prongs, which would mean that multi-pronged fishing spears occurred at this time. The evidence of
spear-throwing is suggested by an excavated shell in
Balmoral Beach.[9]
Prospect, a
western Sydney suburb, became the boundary between colonists and indigenous Australians. Hostility grew where a state of
guerrillawarfare existed between indigenous people and the settler communities at Prospect and
Parramatta.[18] The aboriginal people were led by their leader,
Pemulwuy, a member of the
Bidjigal tribe who occupied the land.[19]
^Mulvaney, D J and White, Peter, 1987, Australians to 1788, Fairfax, Syme & Weldon, Sydney
^V Attenbrow, G Robertson and P Hiscock, 'The changing abundance of backed artefacts in south-eastern Australia: a response to climate change?', Journal of Archaeological Science, vol 36, no 2009, pp 2765–70
^McDonald, J. 1999. Bedrock notions and isochrestic choice: evidence for localised stylistic patterning in the engravings of the Sydney region. Archaeology in Oceania 34(3): 145–160.
^P Hiscock, Archaeology of Ancient Australia, Routledge, New York, 2008
^J McDonald, Dreamtime Superhighway. An Analysis of Sydney Basin Rock Art and Prehistoric Information Exchange, Terra Australis 27, ANU EPress, Canberra, 2008
^"Afghan incident 1888". Asian Studies Program: Chinese Australia. La Trobe University. Archived from
the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
"Australia: Sydney". Street's Indian and Colonial Mercantile Directory. London: G. Street. 1869.
J.H. Heaton (1879).
"Sydney". Australian Dictionary of Dates. Sydney: G. Robertson.
ISBN9780790582641.
"New South Wales: Sydney". Wright's Australian and American Commercial Directory and Gazetteer. New York: George Wright. 1881.
"Towns in New South Wales: Sydney". Australian Handbook (incorporating New Zealand, Fiji, and New Guinea): Shippers' and Importers' Directory & Business Guide. Gordon and Gotch. 1888.
K. W. Robinson, 'Sydney, 1850–1952, A Comparison of Developments in the Heart of the City',
Australian Geographer, Vol. 6, 1952–1956
Nineteenth Century Sydney: Essays in Urban History, M. Kelly (ed.), Sydney University Press, 1978
P.R. Proudfoot (1986). "Changing Patterns of Maritime Activity in Central Sydney". The Great Circle. 8 (1). Australian Association for Maritime History: 33–53.
JSTOR41562715.
Gail Reekie (1987). ""Humanising Industry": Paternalism, Welfarism and Labour Control in Sydney's Big Stores 1890–1930". Labour History (53): 1–19.
doi:
10.2307/27508857.
JSTOR27508857.
Sydney Street Directory, Macquarie Park, N.S.W: Gregory's, 1987,
OL24208759M
P. Webber, ed. (1988), The Design of Sydney. Sydney: Law Book Company.
Shirley H. Fitzgerald, Sydney 1842–1992 (Hale and Iremonger, Sydney, 1992)
Paul Ashton (1993). The accidental city: planning Sydney since 1788. Hale & Iremonger.
ISBN0868064874.
Ken Bernstein (2003),
"Sydney", Pocket Guide Australia, Berlitz,
OL9196697M
"Sydney". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
John Punter (2004). "From the Ill-Mannered to the Iconic: Design Regulation in Central Sydney 1947–2002". Town Planning Review. 75 (4): 405–445.
doi:
10.3828/tpr.75.4.3.
JSTOR40112621.
Jim Bain (2007). A Financial Tale of Two Cities: Sydney and Melbourne's Remarkable Contest for Commercial Supremacy.
UNSW Press.
ISBN978-0-86840-963-4.
50,000–45,000 BP – Near
Penrith, a
far western suburb of Sydney, numerous Aboriginal stone tools were found in Cranebrook Terraces gravel sediments dating to this time period; at first when these results were new they were controversial. More recently in 1987 and 2003, dating of the same strata has revised and corroborated these dates.[1]
30,000 BP –
Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity occurred in and around the
Sydney basin, as evidenced by an archaeological dig in
Parramatta, in
Western Sydney.[2][3] The finds show that the Aboriginal Australians in that region used
charcoal, stone tools and possible ancient campfires.[4][5]
4,000–2,000 BC – The first backed stone artifacts developed, such as
blades and
spears. The stones would drill, scrape, cut and grind material. They were also associated with
woodworking.[8]
1,000–500 BC – Bone and shell usage dating to this period discovered. They would've been attached to fishing
spear prongs, which would mean that multi-pronged fishing spears occurred at this time. The evidence of
spear-throwing is suggested by an excavated shell in
Balmoral Beach.[9]
Prospect, a
western Sydney suburb, became the boundary between colonists and indigenous Australians. Hostility grew where a state of
guerrillawarfare existed between indigenous people and the settler communities at Prospect and
Parramatta.[18] The aboriginal people were led by their leader,
Pemulwuy, a member of the
Bidjigal tribe who occupied the land.[19]
^Mulvaney, D J and White, Peter, 1987, Australians to 1788, Fairfax, Syme & Weldon, Sydney
^V Attenbrow, G Robertson and P Hiscock, 'The changing abundance of backed artefacts in south-eastern Australia: a response to climate change?', Journal of Archaeological Science, vol 36, no 2009, pp 2765–70
^McDonald, J. 1999. Bedrock notions and isochrestic choice: evidence for localised stylistic patterning in the engravings of the Sydney region. Archaeology in Oceania 34(3): 145–160.
^P Hiscock, Archaeology of Ancient Australia, Routledge, New York, 2008
^J McDonald, Dreamtime Superhighway. An Analysis of Sydney Basin Rock Art and Prehistoric Information Exchange, Terra Australis 27, ANU EPress, Canberra, 2008
^"Afghan incident 1888". Asian Studies Program: Chinese Australia. La Trobe University. Archived from
the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
"Australia: Sydney". Street's Indian and Colonial Mercantile Directory. London: G. Street. 1869.
J.H. Heaton (1879).
"Sydney". Australian Dictionary of Dates. Sydney: G. Robertson.
ISBN9780790582641.
"New South Wales: Sydney". Wright's Australian and American Commercial Directory and Gazetteer. New York: George Wright. 1881.
"Towns in New South Wales: Sydney". Australian Handbook (incorporating New Zealand, Fiji, and New Guinea): Shippers' and Importers' Directory & Business Guide. Gordon and Gotch. 1888.
K. W. Robinson, 'Sydney, 1850–1952, A Comparison of Developments in the Heart of the City',
Australian Geographer, Vol. 6, 1952–1956
Nineteenth Century Sydney: Essays in Urban History, M. Kelly (ed.), Sydney University Press, 1978
P.R. Proudfoot (1986). "Changing Patterns of Maritime Activity in Central Sydney". The Great Circle. 8 (1). Australian Association for Maritime History: 33–53.
JSTOR41562715.
Gail Reekie (1987). ""Humanising Industry": Paternalism, Welfarism and Labour Control in Sydney's Big Stores 1890–1930". Labour History (53): 1–19.
doi:
10.2307/27508857.
JSTOR27508857.
Sydney Street Directory, Macquarie Park, N.S.W: Gregory's, 1987,
OL24208759M
P. Webber, ed. (1988), The Design of Sydney. Sydney: Law Book Company.
Shirley H. Fitzgerald, Sydney 1842–1992 (Hale and Iremonger, Sydney, 1992)
Paul Ashton (1993). The accidental city: planning Sydney since 1788. Hale & Iremonger.
ISBN0868064874.
Ken Bernstein (2003),
"Sydney", Pocket Guide Australia, Berlitz,
OL9196697M
"Sydney". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
John Punter (2004). "From the Ill-Mannered to the Iconic: Design Regulation in Central Sydney 1947–2002". Town Planning Review. 75 (4): 405–445.
doi:
10.3828/tpr.75.4.3.
JSTOR40112621.
Jim Bain (2007). A Financial Tale of Two Cities: Sydney and Melbourne's Remarkable Contest for Commercial Supremacy.
UNSW Press.
ISBN978-0-86840-963-4.