Thiothrix is a genus of
filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, related to the genera Beggiatoa and Thioploca. They are usually
Gram-negative (but can be Gram-variable) and rod-shaped (0.7–1.5 µm in width by 1.2–2.5 µm in length). They form ensheathed multicellular filaments that are attached at the base, and form
gonidia at their free end. The apical gonidia have
gliding motility. Rosettes of the filaments are not always formed but are typical. Sulfur is deposited in invaginations within the
cell membrane.[1][2]
Thiothrix live primarily in flowing water containing a source of sulfide but are also present in
activated-sludge waste water treatment systems.[2] They are
aerobic or
microaerophilic in their oxygen requirements. Thiothrix species can be facultative
autotrophs,[3]chemoorganotrophs[3] and
mixotrophs.[3][5] The temperature range for growth can vary from cold springs to hot vents while salinity can vary from fresh to ocean water.[6][7][8][9][10]Thiothrix can be found in
symbiotic relationships with other organisms.[11][12][13]
^
abced.-in-chief, George M. Garrity (2005). The Gammaproteobacteria (2. ed.). New York, NY: Springer. pp. 131–142.
ISBN0387241442. {{
cite book}}: |last= has generic name (
help)
^Nielsen, Per Halkjaer; de Muro Marilena; Aquino Nielsen; Jeppe Lund (1 August 2000). "Studies on the in situ physiology of Thiothrix spp. present in activated sludge". Environmental Microbiology. 2 (4): 389–398.
doi:
10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00120.x.
PMID11234927.
^Camacho, Antonio; Rochera Carlos; Silvestre Juan; José Vicente; Eduardo Hahn; Martin W. (13 October 2005). "Spatial Dominance and Inorganic Carbon Assimilation by Conspicuous Autotrophic Biofilms in a Physical and Chemical Gradient of a Cold Sulfurous Spring: The Role of Differential Ecological Strategies". Microbial Ecology. 50 (2): 172–184.
doi:
10.1007/s00248-004-0156-x.
PMID16211325.
S2CID23456666.
^Glud, R.N.; Rysgaard, S.; Fenchel, T.; Nielsen, P.H. (2004). "A conspicuous H2S-oxidizing microbial mat from a high-latitude Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland)". Marine Biology. 145 (1).
doi:
10.1007/s00227-004-1296-8.
S2CID86187646.
^Konkol, Nick R.; Bruckner, James C.; Aguilar, Carmen; Lovalvo, David; Maki, James S. (2010). "Dominance of Epiphytic Filamentous Thiothrix spp. on an Aquatic Macrophyte in a Hydrothermal Vent Flume in Sedge Bay, Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming". Microbial Ecology. 60 (3): 528–538.
doi:
10.1007/s00248-010-9656-z.
PMID20386899.
S2CID574930.
Thiothrix is a genus of
filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, related to the genera Beggiatoa and Thioploca. They are usually
Gram-negative (but can be Gram-variable) and rod-shaped (0.7–1.5 µm in width by 1.2–2.5 µm in length). They form ensheathed multicellular filaments that are attached at the base, and form
gonidia at their free end. The apical gonidia have
gliding motility. Rosettes of the filaments are not always formed but are typical. Sulfur is deposited in invaginations within the
cell membrane.[1][2]
Thiothrix live primarily in flowing water containing a source of sulfide but are also present in
activated-sludge waste water treatment systems.[2] They are
aerobic or
microaerophilic in their oxygen requirements. Thiothrix species can be facultative
autotrophs,[3]chemoorganotrophs[3] and
mixotrophs.[3][5] The temperature range for growth can vary from cold springs to hot vents while salinity can vary from fresh to ocean water.[6][7][8][9][10]Thiothrix can be found in
symbiotic relationships with other organisms.[11][12][13]
^
abced.-in-chief, George M. Garrity (2005). The Gammaproteobacteria (2. ed.). New York, NY: Springer. pp. 131–142.
ISBN0387241442. {{
cite book}}: |last= has generic name (
help)
^Nielsen, Per Halkjaer; de Muro Marilena; Aquino Nielsen; Jeppe Lund (1 August 2000). "Studies on the in situ physiology of Thiothrix spp. present in activated sludge". Environmental Microbiology. 2 (4): 389–398.
doi:
10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00120.x.
PMID11234927.
^Camacho, Antonio; Rochera Carlos; Silvestre Juan; José Vicente; Eduardo Hahn; Martin W. (13 October 2005). "Spatial Dominance and Inorganic Carbon Assimilation by Conspicuous Autotrophic Biofilms in a Physical and Chemical Gradient of a Cold Sulfurous Spring: The Role of Differential Ecological Strategies". Microbial Ecology. 50 (2): 172–184.
doi:
10.1007/s00248-004-0156-x.
PMID16211325.
S2CID23456666.
^Glud, R.N.; Rysgaard, S.; Fenchel, T.; Nielsen, P.H. (2004). "A conspicuous H2S-oxidizing microbial mat from a high-latitude Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland)". Marine Biology. 145 (1).
doi:
10.1007/s00227-004-1296-8.
S2CID86187646.
^Konkol, Nick R.; Bruckner, James C.; Aguilar, Carmen; Lovalvo, David; Maki, James S. (2010). "Dominance of Epiphytic Filamentous Thiothrix spp. on an Aquatic Macrophyte in a Hydrothermal Vent Flume in Sedge Bay, Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming". Microbial Ecology. 60 (3): 528–538.
doi:
10.1007/s00248-010-9656-z.
PMID20386899.
S2CID574930.