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The Duchess of Newcastle or the Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne usually refers to the wife or widow of a Duke of Newcastle. The dukedom became extinct in 1988.

Duchesses of Newcastle-on Tyne and Newcastle

1st creation (1665)

• Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1623–1673) (née Margaret Lucas), English aristocrat, writer and scientist, 2nd wife of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle
• Frances Pierrepoint (1630–1695), wife of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle

2nd creation (1694)

• Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1661–1716) (née Margaret Cavendish), wife of John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle

3rd creation (1715)

• Harriet Pelham-Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1701–1776) (Lady Harriet Godolphin), wife of Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle
• Catherine Pelham-Clinton, Countess of Lincoln (1727–1760), wife of Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle
• Lady Anna Maria Stanhope, wife of Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle
• Georgiana Mundy (d.1822), wife of Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle
• Henrietta Hope, wife of Henry Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle
• Kathleen Pelham-Clinton, Duchess of Newcastle (1872–1955) (née Kathleen Candy), conformation show judge and dog breeder, wife of Henry Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle
• Olive Muriel Thompson, wife of Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle
• Lady Mary Montagu-Stuart-Wortley (1920–1997), 2nd wife of Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle
• Sally Ann Wemyss, 3rd wife of Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle