Nagana szlachectwa ( Latin: 'Vituperatio nobilitatis'), literally reprobation/reprimand/censure of nobility, also translated by Norman Davies as Test of Nobility [1] was a legal procedure of the revocation of nobility in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Descripiton
Due to the absence of formalized heraldry laws and lineage in early Poland, nobility of a person was tested in a regular court. [2] The confirmation of nobility was based on calling for a certain number of witnesses. In Poland this was in accordance with the 1633 statute, [3] in Lithuania by Chapter 3, Article 22 of the 1588 Statute. [4] The latter demanded two witnesses each from the maternal and paternal side. The penalty for perjury was being stripped of one's own szlachta status, by the Constitution of 1601. [5]
In case of the successful nagana, the accuser earned up to half of the property of the accused, [6] with the other half going to the state. [7] The justice was highly prone to miscarriage, in particular, to abusive ennoblement [8] Therefore, this procedure was gradually restricted in various ways. After 1581, the procedures took place before either the Crown Tribunal or the Lithuanian Tribunal. [9]
Norman Davies conjectures that this practice was among the factors leading to the establishment of a unique Polish practice of heraldic clans. [1] It is also asserted that this practice led to development of extensive personal archiving and archive research among Polish nobility. [6]
See also
References
- ^ a b Norman Davies, God's Playground, [1]
- ^ Semkowicz, W. (1900). Nagana i oczyszczenie szlachectwa w Polsce XIV i XV wieku. Vol. 1. Z druk. W. Łozińskiego. p. 15. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
- ^ "Volumina legum. Book 3". Ohryzko Jozafat. 1859.
- ^ "Statut Wielkiego Xięstwa Litewskigo naprzód, za Naiaśnieyszego Hospodara Króla Jegomości Zygmunta III. w Krakowie w Roku 1588... teraz zaś piąty raz, za szczęśliwie panuiącego Naiaśnieyszego Krola jegomości Augusta Trzeciego przedrukowany" (in Polish). Drukarnia Akademicka Soc. Jesu. 1744.
- ^ "Volumina legum. Book 2". Pan Biblioteka Kórnicka. Ohryzko Jozafat. 1859.
- ^ a b Robert Degen, Wiesław Nowosad. "Archiwa - Kancelarie - Zbiory. Pierwszy polski rocznik archiwozoficzny". home.umk.pl. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
-
^ Smoleński, Władysław (1919).
Dzieje narodu polskiego. Warsaw.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) - ^ Instytut Sztuki (Polska Akademia Nauk) (1991). Polish Art Studies. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. ISSN 0208-7243. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
-
^ Pawlikowski, Michał (2012). Sądownictwo grodzkie w przedrozbiorowej Rzeczypospolitej. Strzałków.
ISBN
978-83-933262-1-1.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)
External links
- "Wywodzenie szlachectwa – kto jest szlachcicem?", by Artur Ornatowski
| National |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Cities | ||
| Regional | ||
| Cultural and historical | ||
| Noble heraldry | ||
| Related | ||
Nagana szlachectwa ( Latin: 'Vituperatio nobilitatis'), literally reprobation/reprimand/censure of nobility, also translated by Norman Davies as Test of Nobility [1] was a legal procedure of the revocation of nobility in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Descripiton
Due to the absence of formalized heraldry laws and lineage in early Poland, nobility of a person was tested in a regular court. [2] The confirmation of nobility was based on calling for a certain number of witnesses. In Poland this was in accordance with the 1633 statute, [3] in Lithuania by Chapter 3, Article 22 of the 1588 Statute. [4] The latter demanded two witnesses each from the maternal and paternal side. The penalty for perjury was being stripped of one's own szlachta status, by the Constitution of 1601. [5]
In case of the successful nagana, the accuser earned up to half of the property of the accused, [6] with the other half going to the state. [7] The justice was highly prone to miscarriage, in particular, to abusive ennoblement [8] Therefore, this procedure was gradually restricted in various ways. After 1581, the procedures took place before either the Crown Tribunal or the Lithuanian Tribunal. [9]
Norman Davies conjectures that this practice was among the factors leading to the establishment of a unique Polish practice of heraldic clans. [1] It is also asserted that this practice led to development of extensive personal archiving and archive research among Polish nobility. [6]
See also
References
- ^ a b Norman Davies, God's Playground, [1]
- ^ Semkowicz, W. (1900). Nagana i oczyszczenie szlachectwa w Polsce XIV i XV wieku. Vol. 1. Z druk. W. Łozińskiego. p. 15. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
- ^ "Volumina legum. Book 3". Ohryzko Jozafat. 1859.
- ^ "Statut Wielkiego Xięstwa Litewskigo naprzód, za Naiaśnieyszego Hospodara Króla Jegomości Zygmunta III. w Krakowie w Roku 1588... teraz zaś piąty raz, za szczęśliwie panuiącego Naiaśnieyszego Krola jegomości Augusta Trzeciego przedrukowany" (in Polish). Drukarnia Akademicka Soc. Jesu. 1744.
- ^ "Volumina legum. Book 2". Pan Biblioteka Kórnicka. Ohryzko Jozafat. 1859.
- ^ a b Robert Degen, Wiesław Nowosad. "Archiwa - Kancelarie - Zbiory. Pierwszy polski rocznik archiwozoficzny". home.umk.pl. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
-
^ Smoleński, Władysław (1919).
Dzieje narodu polskiego. Warsaw.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) - ^ Instytut Sztuki (Polska Akademia Nauk) (1991). Polish Art Studies. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. ISSN 0208-7243. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
-
^ Pawlikowski, Michał (2012). Sądownictwo grodzkie w przedrozbiorowej Rzeczypospolitej. Strzałków.
ISBN
978-83-933262-1-1.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)
External links
- "Wywodzenie szlachectwa – kto jest szlachcicem?", by Artur Ornatowski
| National | | |
|---|---|---|
| Cities | ||
| Regional | ||
| Cultural and historical | ||
| Noble heraldry | ||
| Related | ||