This template is used to create an indented entry in the
Hornbostel–Sachs classification of instruments.
Entries should be understandable without having seen higher level entries.
Usage
{{HS number|1}} →
1: Idiophones. instrument in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds, without requiring stretched membranes or strings.
while
{{HS number|11}} →
11: Struck idiophones. Instruments that produce sounds through vibration caused by percussion action - hitting, shaking, or scraping.
Complete list
1: Idiophones. instrument in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds, without requiring stretched membranes or strings.
11: Struck idiophones. Instruments that produce sounds through vibration caused by percussion action - hitting, shaking, or scraping.
111: Directly struck idiophones. Instrument that is struck by a player directly; either by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.1: Concussion (clapper) idiophones. Complementary sound producing parts are stuck against each other.
121: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae within a frame or hoop being plucked.
121.1: Clack idiophones or Cricri, plucked idiophones in which the lamella is carved in the surface of a fruit shell, which serves as resonator.
121.2: Guimbardes and Jaw harps, plucked idiophones in which the lamella is mounted in a rod- or plaque-shaped frame and depends on the player's mouth cavity for resonance.
121.21: Idioglot guimbardes. The lamella is of one substance with the frame of the instrument.
121.22: Heteroglot guimbardes. The lamella is attached to the frame of the instrument.
122.2: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae attached to a comb being plucked: cut-out lamellae.
13: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing.
131: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: sticks.
131.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual sticks.
131.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks.
131.21: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks with direct friction.
131.22: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks without direct friction.
132: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: plaques.
132.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual plaques.
132.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple plaques.
133: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: vessels.
133.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual vessels.
133.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple vessels.
14: Instruments set into vibration by blowing or moving air.
141: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks.
141.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks: individual.
141.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks: multiple.
142: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques.
142.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques: individual.
142.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques: multiple.
15: Idiophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
2: Instruments in which sound is produced primarily through a vibrating membrane (membranophone). This includes all
drums.
211.321: Individual frame drums which do have a handle.
211.322: Sets of frame drums which do have a handle.
212: Instruments which have a membrane and are shaken.
22: Instruments with a string attached to the membrane, so that when the string is plucked, the membrane vibrates.
23: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction.
231: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick.
231.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick: individual.
231.11: Friction drums with a stick that can not be moved inserted in a hole in the membrane and subject to rubbing, causing friction on the membrane.
231.12: Friction drums with a semi-movable stick inserted in a hole in the membrane.
231.13: Friction drums with a freely-movable stick inserted in a hole in the membrane and rubbed against it.
231.2: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick: multiple.
232: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord.
232.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord and the drum is held stationary.
232.11: Instruments in which the drum is held stationary while playing and have only one usable membrane.
232.12: Instruments in which the drum is held stationary while playing and have more than one usable membrane.
232.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord and the drum is twirled by a cord, which rubs in a notch on the stick held by the player.
233: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by hands.
24: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane.
241: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane without a chamber.
242: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane with a chamber.
25: Membranophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
32: Instruments in which the
resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table (
lutes)
321.1: Instruments in which each string has its own flexible carrier (
bow lutes)
321.2: Instruments in which the string is attached to a yoke that consists of a cross-bar and two arms, with the yoke lying in the same plane as the sound-table (
lyres or yoke lutes)
321.21: Instruments in which the resonator is bowl-shaped, either carved or natural
321.22: Instruments in which the resonator is a built-up wooden box
321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (
handle lutes)
321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator (
spike lutes)
321.311: Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved (
spike bowl lutes)
321.33: Instrument in which the handle extends into but does not pass completely through the resonator (
tanged lutes)
322: Instrument whose strings are at right angles to the sound table, such that a line between the lower tips of the strings would point at the neck (
harps)
322.222: Instrument can be tuned with pedal-operated levers
323: Instrument has strings that lay at right angles to the sound table, so that a line joining the lower tips of the strings would be perpendicular to the neck, and the instrument has a notched bridge.
33: Chordophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
41: Instruments in which the vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
411: Instruments in which an air-stream meets a sharp edge, or a sharp edge is moved through the air.
412: Instruments in which the vibrating air is not contained within the instrument and is interrupted periodically.
412.1: Idiophonic interruptive aerophones or reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
421.222.1: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple.
421.222.11: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes.
421.222.12: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple with fingerholes.
421.222.2: Sets of partly-stopped flutes with internal fipple.
421.222.3: Sets of stopped flutes with internal fipple.
422: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through air directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1: Instruments in which the player's breath is directed against a pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.2: Instruments in which the player's breath is directed against a single lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.3: Instruments in which a reed vibrates through [at] a closely fitted frame. There must be tone holes, otherwise the instrument belongs to the free reeds 412.1.
423: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through the player's vibrating lips setting the air in motion.
423.1: Instruments in which the player's vibrating lips set the air in motion and are the only means of changing the pitch.
This template is used to create an indented entry in the
Hornbostel–Sachs classification of instruments.
Entries should be understandable without having seen higher level entries.
Usage
{{HS number|1}} →
1: Idiophones. instrument in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds, without requiring stretched membranes or strings.
while
{{HS number|11}} →
11: Struck idiophones. Instruments that produce sounds through vibration caused by percussion action - hitting, shaking, or scraping.
Complete list
1: Idiophones. instrument in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds, without requiring stretched membranes or strings.
11: Struck idiophones. Instruments that produce sounds through vibration caused by percussion action - hitting, shaking, or scraping.
111: Directly struck idiophones. Instrument that is struck by a player directly; either by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.1: Concussion (clapper) idiophones. Complementary sound producing parts are stuck against each other.
121: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae within a frame or hoop being plucked.
121.1: Clack idiophones or Cricri, plucked idiophones in which the lamella is carved in the surface of a fruit shell, which serves as resonator.
121.2: Guimbardes and Jaw harps, plucked idiophones in which the lamella is mounted in a rod- or plaque-shaped frame and depends on the player's mouth cavity for resonance.
121.21: Idioglot guimbardes. The lamella is of one substance with the frame of the instrument.
121.22: Heteroglot guimbardes. The lamella is attached to the frame of the instrument.
122.2: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae attached to a comb being plucked: cut-out lamellae.
13: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing.
131: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: sticks.
131.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual sticks.
131.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks.
131.21: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks with direct friction.
131.22: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks without direct friction.
132: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: plaques.
132.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual plaques.
132.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple plaques.
133: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: vessels.
133.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual vessels.
133.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple vessels.
14: Instruments set into vibration by blowing or moving air.
141: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks.
141.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks: individual.
141.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks: multiple.
142: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques.
142.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques: individual.
142.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques: multiple.
15: Idiophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
2: Instruments in which sound is produced primarily through a vibrating membrane (membranophone). This includes all
drums.
211.321: Individual frame drums which do have a handle.
211.322: Sets of frame drums which do have a handle.
212: Instruments which have a membrane and are shaken.
22: Instruments with a string attached to the membrane, so that when the string is plucked, the membrane vibrates.
23: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction.
231: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick.
231.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick: individual.
231.11: Friction drums with a stick that can not be moved inserted in a hole in the membrane and subject to rubbing, causing friction on the membrane.
231.12: Friction drums with a semi-movable stick inserted in a hole in the membrane.
231.13: Friction drums with a freely-movable stick inserted in a hole in the membrane and rubbed against it.
231.2: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick: multiple.
232: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord.
232.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord and the drum is held stationary.
232.11: Instruments in which the drum is held stationary while playing and have only one usable membrane.
232.12: Instruments in which the drum is held stationary while playing and have more than one usable membrane.
232.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord and the drum is twirled by a cord, which rubs in a notch on the stick held by the player.
233: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by hands.
24: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane.
241: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane without a chamber.
242: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane with a chamber.
25: Membranophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
32: Instruments in which the
resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table (
lutes)
321.1: Instruments in which each string has its own flexible carrier (
bow lutes)
321.2: Instruments in which the string is attached to a yoke that consists of a cross-bar and two arms, with the yoke lying in the same plane as the sound-table (
lyres or yoke lutes)
321.21: Instruments in which the resonator is bowl-shaped, either carved or natural
321.22: Instruments in which the resonator is a built-up wooden box
321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (
handle lutes)
321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator (
spike lutes)
321.311: Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved (
spike bowl lutes)
321.33: Instrument in which the handle extends into but does not pass completely through the resonator (
tanged lutes)
322: Instrument whose strings are at right angles to the sound table, such that a line between the lower tips of the strings would point at the neck (
harps)
322.222: Instrument can be tuned with pedal-operated levers
323: Instrument has strings that lay at right angles to the sound table, so that a line joining the lower tips of the strings would be perpendicular to the neck, and the instrument has a notched bridge.
33: Chordophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system.
41: Instruments in which the vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
411: Instruments in which an air-stream meets a sharp edge, or a sharp edge is moved through the air.
412: Instruments in which the vibrating air is not contained within the instrument and is interrupted periodically.
412.1: Idiophonic interruptive aerophones or reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently.
421.222.1: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple.
421.222.11: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes.
421.222.12: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple with fingerholes.
421.222.2: Sets of partly-stopped flutes with internal fipple.
421.222.3: Sets of stopped flutes with internal fipple.
422: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through air directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1: Instruments in which the player's breath is directed against a pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.2: Instruments in which the player's breath is directed against a single lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.3: Instruments in which a reed vibrates through [at] a closely fitted frame. There must be tone holes, otherwise the instrument belongs to the free reeds 412.1.
423: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through the player's vibrating lips setting the air in motion.
423.1: Instruments in which the player's vibrating lips set the air in motion and are the only means of changing the pitch.