| Route | Medication | Major brand names | Form | Dosage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | Testosteronea | – | Tablet | 400–800 mg/day (in divided doses) |
| Testosterone undecanoate | Andriol, Jatenzo | Capsule | 40–80 mg/2–4x day (with meals) | |
| Methyltestosteroneb | Android, Metandren, Testred | Tablet | 10–50 mg/day | |
| Fluoxymesteroneb | Halotestin, Ora-Testryl, Ultandren | Tablet | 5–20 mg/day | |
| Metandienoneb | Dianabol | Tablet | 5–15 mg/day | |
| Mesteroloneb | Proviron | Tablet | 25–150 mg/day | |
| Sublingual | Testosteroneb | Testoral | Tablet | 5–10 mg 1–4x/day |
| Methyltestosteroneb | Metandren, Oreton Methyl | Tablet | 10–30 mg/day | |
| Buccal | Testosterone | Striant | Tablet | 30 mg 2x/day |
| Methyltestosteroneb | Metandren, Oreton Methyl | Tablet | 5–25 mg/day | |
| Transdermal | Testosterone | AndroGel, Testim, TestoGel | Gel | 25–125 mg/day |
| Androderm, AndroPatch, TestoPatch | Non-scrotal patch | 2.5–15 mg/day | ||
| Testoderm | Scrotal patch | 4–6 mg/day | ||
| Axiron | Axillary solution | 30–120 mg/day | ||
| Androstanolone ( DHT) | Andractim | Gel | 100–250 mg/day | |
| Rectal | Testosterone | Rektandron, Testosteronb | Suppository | 40 mg 2–3x/day |
| Injection ( IM or SC) | Testosterone | Andronaq, Sterotate, Virosterone | Aqueous suspension | 10–50 mg 2–3x/week |
| Testosterone propionateb | Testoviron | Oil solution | 10–50 mg 2–3x/week | |
| Testosterone enanthate | Delatestryl | Oil solution | 50–250 mg 1x/1–4 weeks | |
| Xyosted | Auto-injector | 50–100 mg 1x/week | ||
| Testosterone cypionate | Depo-Testosterone | Oil solution | 50–250 mg 1x/1–4 weeks | |
| Testosterone isobutyrate | Agovirin Depot | Aqueous suspension | 50–100 mg 1x/1–2 weeks | |
| Testosterone phenylacetateb | Perandren, Androject | Oil solution | 50–200 mg 1x/3–5 weeks | |
| Mixed testosterone esters | Sustanon 100, Sustanon 250 | Oil solution | 50–250 mg 1x/2–4 weeks | |
| Testosterone undecanoate | Aveed, Nebido | Oil solution | 750–1,000 mg 1x/10–14 weeks | |
| Testosterone buciclatea | – | Aqueous suspension | 600–1,000 mg 1x/12–20 weeks | |
| Implant | Testosterone | Testopel | Pellet | 150–1,200 mg/3–6 months |
| Notes: Men produce about 3 to 11 mg testosterone per day (mean 7 mg/day in young men). Footnotes: a = Never marketed. b = No longer used and/or no longer marketed. Sources: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] | ||||
Template documentationSee also
- Template:Medications and dosages used in hormone therapy for transgender men
- Template:Androgen replacement therapy formulations and dosages used in women
- Template:Androgen/anabolic steroid dosages for breast cancer
- Template:Clinical dosage ranges of oral and injectable androgens and anabolic steroids
References
- ^ Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann M. Behre (6 December 2012). Testosterone: Action - Deficiency - Substitution. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 298–. ISBN 978-3-642-72185-4.
- ^ Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann M. Behre; Susan Nieschlag (26 July 2012). Testosterone: Action, Deficiency, Substitution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 312–. ISBN 978-1-107-01290-5.
- ^ Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann M. Behre; Susan Nieschlag (13 January 2010). Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 443–. ISBN 978-3-540-78355-8.
- ^ Byrne, M. M.; Nieschlag, E. (2017). "Androgens: Pharmacological Use and Abuse". Encyclopedia of Hormones. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.03356-3.
- ^ Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann Behre (29 June 2013). Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 444. ISBN 978-3-662-04491-9.
- ^ Alexandre Hohl (30 March 2017). Testosterone: From Basic to Clinical Aspects. Springer. pp. 143, 175–177, 204–206, 229, 241, 255. ISBN 978-3-319-46086-4.
- ^ Wayne J.G. Hellstrom (28 November 2012). Androgen Deficiency and Testosterone Replacement: Current Controversies and Strategies. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 91, 129–139. ISBN 978-1-62703-179-0.
- ^ Malcolm Carruthers (2006). Androgen Deficiency in the Adult Male: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment. CRC Press. pp. 137–178. ISBN 978-0-367-80018-5.
- ^ Carrie Bagatell; William J. Bremner (27 May 2003). Androgens in Health and Disease. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 141–153, 200–202, 313–334, 359, 384, 403, 430–431. ISBN 978-1-59259-388-0.
- ^ William Llewellyn (2011). Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. pp. 11, 28–33, 321, 370, 385, 392, 394, 397, 412, 433, 506, 537, 678. ISBN 978-0-9828280-1-4.
- ^ Nieschlag, E.; Freischem, C. W. (1982). "Androgen Therapy in Hypogonadism and Infertility". In J. Bain; Wolf-Bernhard Schill; L. Schwarzstein (eds.). Treatment of Male Infertility. pp. 103–115. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-68223-0_8. ISBN 978-3-642-68223-0.
- ^ T. Hugh Jones (2009). Advances in the Management of Testosterone Deficiency. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. pp. 32–51, 140–141, 144. ISBN 978-3-8055-8622-1.
- ^ Alan J. Wein; Louis R. Kavoussi; Andrew C. Novick; Alan W. Partin, Craig A. Peters (28 September 2011). Campbell-Walsh Urology. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 739–740. ISBN 1-4557-2298-7.
- ^ Snyder, P J (1984). "Clinical Use of Androgens". Annual Review of Medicine. 35 (1): 207–217. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.35.020184.001231. ISSN 0066-4219.
- ^ Manuchair Ebadi (31 October 2007). Desk Reference of Clinical Pharmacology. CRC Press. pp. 434–. ISBN 978-1-4200-4744-8.
- ^ Charles D. Kochakian (6 December 2012). Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 454–. ISBN 978-3-642-66353-6.
- ^ Basaria, Shehzad; Wahlstrom, Justin T.; Dobs, Adrian S. (2001). "Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 86 (11): 5108–5117. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.11.7983. ISSN 0021-972X.
- ^ Srinivas-Shankar, U.; Sharma, D. (2009). "Testosterone treatment in elderly men". Advances in Therapy. 26 (1): 25–39. doi: 10.1007/s12325-008-0137-4. ISSN 0741-238X.
- ^ Wang, Christina; Swerdloff, Ronald S. (1997). "Androgen Replacement Therapy". Annals of Medicine. 29 (5): 365–370. doi: 10.3109/07853899708999363. ISSN 0785-3890.
- ^ Morales, A.; Lunenfeld, B. (2009). "Androgen replacement therapy in aging men with secondary hypogonadism". The Aging Male. 4 (3): 151–162. doi: 10.1080/tam.4.3.151.162. ISSN 1368-5538.
- ^ Srinivas-Shankar, Upendram; Wu, Frederick CW (2006). "Drug Insight: testosterone preparations". Nature Clinical Practice Urology. 3 (12): 653–665. doi: 10.1038/ncpuro0650. ISSN 1743-4270.
- ^ Tan, Robert S.; Bransgrove, Linda (2015). "Testosterone replacement therapy". Postgraduate Medicine. 103 (5): 247–256. doi: 10.3810/pgm.1998.05.491. ISSN 0032-5481.
- ^ Zitzmann, M; Nieschlag, E (2000). "Hormone substitution in male hypogonadism". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 161 (1–2): 73–88. doi: 10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00227-0. ISSN 0303-7207.
- ^ Kaufman, Joel M. (2004). "Evolution of delivery systems for testosterone administration". Current Sexual Health Reports. 1 (3): 109–114. doi: 10.1007/s11930-004-0025-0. ISSN 1548-3584.
- ^ Leichtnam, Marie-Laure; Rolland, Hervé; Wüthrich, Patrick; Guy, Richard H. (2006). "Testosterone Hormone Replacement Therapy: State-of-the-Art and Emerging Technologies". Pharmaceutical Research. 23 (6): 1117–1132. doi: 10.1007/s11095-006-0072-5. ISSN 0724-8741.
- ^ Morales, Alvaro (2005). "Androgen replacement therapy in the hypogonadal ageing man". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 4 (6): 911–918. doi: 10.1517/14656566.4.6.911. ISSN 1465-6566.
- ^ Byrne, M. M.; Nieschlag, E. (2014). "Testosterone replacement therapy in male hypogonadism". Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 26 (5): 481–489. doi: 10.1007/BF03345206. ISSN 0391-4097.
- ^ Yassin AA, Haffejee M (2007). "Testosterone depot injection in male hypogonadism: a critical appraisal". Clin Interv Aging. 2 (4): 577–90. PMC 2686335. PMID 18225458.
- ^ Nieschlag, Eberhard (2015). "Current topics in testosterone replacement of hypogonadal men". Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 29 (1): 77–90. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.09.008. ISSN 1521-690X.
- ^ Gooren, Louis J G; Bunck, Mathijs C M (2004). "Androgen Replacement Therapy". Drugs. 64 (17): 1861–1891. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200464170-00002. ISSN 0012-6667.
- ^ Surampudi, Prasanth; Swerdloff, Ronald S; Wang, Christina (2014). "An update on male hypogonadism therapy". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 15 (9): 1247–1264. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2014.913022. ISSN 1465-6566.
- ^ Buvat, Jacques; Maggi, Mario; Guay, André; Torres, Luiz Otavio (2013). "Testosterone Deficiency in Men: Systematic Review and Standard Operating Procedures for Diagnosis and Treatment". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 10 (1): 245–284. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02783.x. ISSN 1743-6095.
- ^ Hafez, B.; Hafez, E. S. E. (2009). "Andropause: Endocrinology, Erectile Dysfunction, and Prostate Pathophysiology". Archives of Andrology. 50 (2): 45–68. doi: 10.1080/aan.50.2.45.68. ISSN 0148-5016.
- ^ Llahana, Sofia (2019). "Testosterone Therapy in Adult Men with Hypogonadism". Advanced Practice in Endocrinology Nursing. pp. 885–902. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99817-6_46.
- ^ Lunenfeld, Bruno; Oettel, Michael (2009). "Therapeutic potential of testosterone gels". Aging Health. 5 (2): 227–245. doi: 10.2217/ahe.09.6. ISSN 1745-509X.
- ^ Janet Brotherton (1976). Sex Hormone Pharmacology. Academic Press. pp. 18–19, 331, 336. ISBN 978-0-12-137250-7.
- ^ Geraline C. Lin; Lynda Erinoff (July 1996). Anabolic Steroid Abuse. DIANE Publishing. pp. 144–. ISBN 978-0-7881-2969-8.
| Route | Medication | Major brand names | Form | Dosage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | Testosteronea | – | Tablet | 400–800 mg/day (in divided doses) |
| Testosterone undecanoate | Andriol, Jatenzo | Capsule | 40–80 mg/2–4x day (with meals) | |
| Methyltestosteroneb | Android, Metandren, Testred | Tablet | 10–50 mg/day | |
| Fluoxymesteroneb | Halotestin, Ora-Testryl, Ultandren | Tablet | 5–20 mg/day | |
| Metandienoneb | Dianabol | Tablet | 5–15 mg/day | |
| Mesteroloneb | Proviron | Tablet | 25–150 mg/day | |
| Sublingual | Testosteroneb | Testoral | Tablet | 5–10 mg 1–4x/day |
| Methyltestosteroneb | Metandren, Oreton Methyl | Tablet | 10–30 mg/day | |
| Buccal | Testosterone | Striant | Tablet | 30 mg 2x/day |
| Methyltestosteroneb | Metandren, Oreton Methyl | Tablet | 5–25 mg/day | |
| Transdermal | Testosterone | AndroGel, Testim, TestoGel | Gel | 25–125 mg/day |
| Androderm, AndroPatch, TestoPatch | Non-scrotal patch | 2.5–15 mg/day | ||
| Testoderm | Scrotal patch | 4–6 mg/day | ||
| Axiron | Axillary solution | 30–120 mg/day | ||
| Androstanolone ( DHT) | Andractim | Gel | 100–250 mg/day | |
| Rectal | Testosterone | Rektandron, Testosteronb | Suppository | 40 mg 2–3x/day |
| Injection ( IM or SC) | Testosterone | Andronaq, Sterotate, Virosterone | Aqueous suspension | 10–50 mg 2–3x/week |
| Testosterone propionateb | Testoviron | Oil solution | 10–50 mg 2–3x/week | |
| Testosterone enanthate | Delatestryl | Oil solution | 50–250 mg 1x/1–4 weeks | |
| Xyosted | Auto-injector | 50–100 mg 1x/week | ||
| Testosterone cypionate | Depo-Testosterone | Oil solution | 50–250 mg 1x/1–4 weeks | |
| Testosterone isobutyrate | Agovirin Depot | Aqueous suspension | 50–100 mg 1x/1–2 weeks | |
| Testosterone phenylacetateb | Perandren, Androject | Oil solution | 50–200 mg 1x/3–5 weeks | |
| Mixed testosterone esters | Sustanon 100, Sustanon 250 | Oil solution | 50–250 mg 1x/2–4 weeks | |
| Testosterone undecanoate | Aveed, Nebido | Oil solution | 750–1,000 mg 1x/10–14 weeks | |
| Testosterone buciclatea | – | Aqueous suspension | 600–1,000 mg 1x/12–20 weeks | |
| Implant | Testosterone | Testopel | Pellet | 150–1,200 mg/3–6 months |
| Notes: Men produce about 3 to 11 mg testosterone per day (mean 7 mg/day in young men). Footnotes: a = Never marketed. b = No longer used and/or no longer marketed. Sources: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] | ||||
Template documentationSee also
- Template:Medications and dosages used in hormone therapy for transgender men
- Template:Androgen replacement therapy formulations and dosages used in women
- Template:Androgen/anabolic steroid dosages for breast cancer
- Template:Clinical dosage ranges of oral and injectable androgens and anabolic steroids
References
- ^ Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann M. Behre (6 December 2012). Testosterone: Action - Deficiency - Substitution. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 298–. ISBN 978-3-642-72185-4.
- ^ Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann M. Behre; Susan Nieschlag (26 July 2012). Testosterone: Action, Deficiency, Substitution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 312–. ISBN 978-1-107-01290-5.
- ^ Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann M. Behre; Susan Nieschlag (13 January 2010). Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 443–. ISBN 978-3-540-78355-8.
- ^ Byrne, M. M.; Nieschlag, E. (2017). "Androgens: Pharmacological Use and Abuse". Encyclopedia of Hormones. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.03356-3.
- ^ Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann Behre (29 June 2013). Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 444. ISBN 978-3-662-04491-9.
- ^ Alexandre Hohl (30 March 2017). Testosterone: From Basic to Clinical Aspects. Springer. pp. 143, 175–177, 204–206, 229, 241, 255. ISBN 978-3-319-46086-4.
- ^ Wayne J.G. Hellstrom (28 November 2012). Androgen Deficiency and Testosterone Replacement: Current Controversies and Strategies. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 91, 129–139. ISBN 978-1-62703-179-0.
- ^ Malcolm Carruthers (2006). Androgen Deficiency in the Adult Male: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment. CRC Press. pp. 137–178. ISBN 978-0-367-80018-5.
- ^ Carrie Bagatell; William J. Bremner (27 May 2003). Androgens in Health and Disease. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 141–153, 200–202, 313–334, 359, 384, 403, 430–431. ISBN 978-1-59259-388-0.
- ^ William Llewellyn (2011). Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. pp. 11, 28–33, 321, 370, 385, 392, 394, 397, 412, 433, 506, 537, 678. ISBN 978-0-9828280-1-4.
- ^ Nieschlag, E.; Freischem, C. W. (1982). "Androgen Therapy in Hypogonadism and Infertility". In J. Bain; Wolf-Bernhard Schill; L. Schwarzstein (eds.). Treatment of Male Infertility. pp. 103–115. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-68223-0_8. ISBN 978-3-642-68223-0.
- ^ T. Hugh Jones (2009). Advances in the Management of Testosterone Deficiency. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. pp. 32–51, 140–141, 144. ISBN 978-3-8055-8622-1.
- ^ Alan J. Wein; Louis R. Kavoussi; Andrew C. Novick; Alan W. Partin, Craig A. Peters (28 September 2011). Campbell-Walsh Urology. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 739–740. ISBN 1-4557-2298-7.
- ^ Snyder, P J (1984). "Clinical Use of Androgens". Annual Review of Medicine. 35 (1): 207–217. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.35.020184.001231. ISSN 0066-4219.
- ^ Manuchair Ebadi (31 October 2007). Desk Reference of Clinical Pharmacology. CRC Press. pp. 434–. ISBN 978-1-4200-4744-8.
- ^ Charles D. Kochakian (6 December 2012). Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 454–. ISBN 978-3-642-66353-6.
- ^ Basaria, Shehzad; Wahlstrom, Justin T.; Dobs, Adrian S. (2001). "Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 86 (11): 5108–5117. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.11.7983. ISSN 0021-972X.
- ^ Srinivas-Shankar, U.; Sharma, D. (2009). "Testosterone treatment in elderly men". Advances in Therapy. 26 (1): 25–39. doi: 10.1007/s12325-008-0137-4. ISSN 0741-238X.
- ^ Wang, Christina; Swerdloff, Ronald S. (1997). "Androgen Replacement Therapy". Annals of Medicine. 29 (5): 365–370. doi: 10.3109/07853899708999363. ISSN 0785-3890.
- ^ Morales, A.; Lunenfeld, B. (2009). "Androgen replacement therapy in aging men with secondary hypogonadism". The Aging Male. 4 (3): 151–162. doi: 10.1080/tam.4.3.151.162. ISSN 1368-5538.
- ^ Srinivas-Shankar, Upendram; Wu, Frederick CW (2006). "Drug Insight: testosterone preparations". Nature Clinical Practice Urology. 3 (12): 653–665. doi: 10.1038/ncpuro0650. ISSN 1743-4270.
- ^ Tan, Robert S.; Bransgrove, Linda (2015). "Testosterone replacement therapy". Postgraduate Medicine. 103 (5): 247–256. doi: 10.3810/pgm.1998.05.491. ISSN 0032-5481.
- ^ Zitzmann, M; Nieschlag, E (2000). "Hormone substitution in male hypogonadism". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 161 (1–2): 73–88. doi: 10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00227-0. ISSN 0303-7207.
- ^ Kaufman, Joel M. (2004). "Evolution of delivery systems for testosterone administration". Current Sexual Health Reports. 1 (3): 109–114. doi: 10.1007/s11930-004-0025-0. ISSN 1548-3584.
- ^ Leichtnam, Marie-Laure; Rolland, Hervé; Wüthrich, Patrick; Guy, Richard H. (2006). "Testosterone Hormone Replacement Therapy: State-of-the-Art and Emerging Technologies". Pharmaceutical Research. 23 (6): 1117–1132. doi: 10.1007/s11095-006-0072-5. ISSN 0724-8741.
- ^ Morales, Alvaro (2005). "Androgen replacement therapy in the hypogonadal ageing man". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 4 (6): 911–918. doi: 10.1517/14656566.4.6.911. ISSN 1465-6566.
- ^ Byrne, M. M.; Nieschlag, E. (2014). "Testosterone replacement therapy in male hypogonadism". Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 26 (5): 481–489. doi: 10.1007/BF03345206. ISSN 0391-4097.
- ^ Yassin AA, Haffejee M (2007). "Testosterone depot injection in male hypogonadism: a critical appraisal". Clin Interv Aging. 2 (4): 577–90. PMC 2686335. PMID 18225458.
- ^ Nieschlag, Eberhard (2015). "Current topics in testosterone replacement of hypogonadal men". Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 29 (1): 77–90. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.09.008. ISSN 1521-690X.
- ^ Gooren, Louis J G; Bunck, Mathijs C M (2004). "Androgen Replacement Therapy". Drugs. 64 (17): 1861–1891. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200464170-00002. ISSN 0012-6667.
- ^ Surampudi, Prasanth; Swerdloff, Ronald S; Wang, Christina (2014). "An update on male hypogonadism therapy". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 15 (9): 1247–1264. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2014.913022. ISSN 1465-6566.
- ^ Buvat, Jacques; Maggi, Mario; Guay, André; Torres, Luiz Otavio (2013). "Testosterone Deficiency in Men: Systematic Review and Standard Operating Procedures for Diagnosis and Treatment". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 10 (1): 245–284. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02783.x. ISSN 1743-6095.
- ^ Hafez, B.; Hafez, E. S. E. (2009). "Andropause: Endocrinology, Erectile Dysfunction, and Prostate Pathophysiology". Archives of Andrology. 50 (2): 45–68. doi: 10.1080/aan.50.2.45.68. ISSN 0148-5016.
- ^ Llahana, Sofia (2019). "Testosterone Therapy in Adult Men with Hypogonadism". Advanced Practice in Endocrinology Nursing. pp. 885–902. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99817-6_46.
- ^ Lunenfeld, Bruno; Oettel, Michael (2009). "Therapeutic potential of testosterone gels". Aging Health. 5 (2): 227–245. doi: 10.2217/ahe.09.6. ISSN 1745-509X.
- ^ Janet Brotherton (1976). Sex Hormone Pharmacology. Academic Press. pp. 18–19, 331, 336. ISBN 978-0-12-137250-7.
- ^ Geraline C. Lin; Lynda Erinoff (July 1996). Anabolic Steroid Abuse. DIANE Publishing. pp. 144–. ISBN 978-0-7881-2969-8.