A takya [a] (from Classical Persian: تَکْیه, romanized: takya; [1] modern Iranian Persian: تَکْیه, romanized: takye; [2] Azerbaijani: təkyə; [3] Ottoman Turkish: تَکْیه, romanized: tekye [4] [modern Turkish: tekke]; Panjabi: تَکْیہ, romanized: takya; [5] Urdu: تَکْیہ, romanized: takya; [6] Uzbek: takya; Arabic: تَكِيَّة, romanized: takiyya, plural تَكَايَا takāyā) or takyakhana (from Classical Persian: تَکْیهخانه, romanized: takya-khāna; Uzbek: takyaxona) was originally a type of building or complex for Sufi gatherings in the Islamic world (which could also provide shelter to pilgrims); under this sense, takyas functioned much like khanqahs, which had appeared earlier and which had flourished in pre-Ottoman Syria and Egypt and in India.
In the Ottoman Empire, many takyas or tekyes/tekkes were built, most notably for use as Mawlawī khānas ( Ottoman Turkish: مولوی خانهلر, romanized: Mevlevi haneler, i.e. houses of the Mevlevi Order or Mawlawiyya) [7] .
In South Asia as well, the word takya has been used as a synonym of khanqah (like the Takya of Baba Shah Musafir [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [b] at Aurangabad), but also to refer to the cemetery or graveyard of Sufis [14] [5] [15] [16] .
In Iran, however, takyas found a different usage. Following the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, existing takyas became used as husayniyyas [17] (buildings where Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram) .
In the modern Arab world, takyas or takiyyas have come to refer to places or institutions providing food assistance to those in need .
The Classical Persian word تَکْیه takya at its core meant "support"; also "cushion" or "pillow" [1] (this meaning has become widespread in South Asian languages which borrowed this word, including Hindustani, Bangali, Gujarati, Panjabi [5] and Sindhi [c]). The word was also borrowed in Ottoman Turkish as تَكْیه tekye, [4] eventually making its way into Arabic as تَكِيَّة takiyya and in languages of the Balkans.
Other words were derived from تَکْیه takya in Classical Persian, such as تکیهنشین takya-nishīn and تکیهدار takya-dār both meaning a Sufi.
Many takyas (or tekkeler in Turkish; Ottoman Turkish: تَكْیهلر, romanized: tekyeler) have been built in Turkey and in the countries which came under Ottoman rule. The Ottomans used the words takya (Turkish: tekke), dargāh (Turkish: dergâh) and zāwiya (Turkish: zâviye) instead of khānqāh ( Turkish: hankah). [19] Among the Ottoman Sufi orders which had the most takyas were the Mevlevi Order and the Bektashi Order. [7]
By the 20th century, Istanbul itself counted many takyas. Some were dedicated to certain Muslim communities (for example, the Uzbeks' Takya [d] or the Indians' Takya [e]) which symbolized a certain recognition of these communities by the Ottomans. [22] Iranians in Istanbul in the 1870s also attempted to establish a "Takya Ḥosayniya" [23] (Turkish: Hüseyniye Tekkesi), [23] which was meant to be used as a husayniyya like the takyas of Iran .
Ottoman takyas can be found in Albania, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Cyprus, in Egypt, in Greece, in North Macedonia and in Syria.
In South Asia, the word takya in the religious sense has been used as a synonym of khanqah (like the Takya of Baba Shah Musafir [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [b] at Aurangabad) alongside the words jamāʿat-khāna ( Urdu: جماعت خانہ), dargāh (Urdu: درگاہ, lit. 'royal court'), langar (Urdu: لنگر, lit. 'refectory' [f]) and sometimes ʿimārat (Urdu: عمارت, lit. 'building'). [24]
In Hindustani and Panjabi, the word takya has also referred to the cemetery or graveyard of Sufis. [14] [5] [15] [16]
Following the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, existing takyas in Iran became used as husayniyyas [17] (buildings where Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram). This is one of the reasons why the words "takyeh" and "hoseyniyeh" are often used interchangeably in modern Iran. [25] The majority of takyehs built in Iran since Iran's conversion have been built to be used as husayniyyas, although some of them also include a zaynabiyya (in honor of Husayn's sister Zaynab bint Ali) [26] or an abbasiyya (in honor of Husayn's paternal half-brother Abbas ibn Ali), like the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk. [27] Famous takyas or takyehs in Iran include the Takyeh of Mir Chakhmaq in Yazd (built in the 15th century), the Takyeh Beyglarbeygi and the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk in Kermanshah, and the former Takyeh Dowlat built by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in Tehran, all of which have been used as husayniyyas.
In Azerbaijan, examples of takyas (or təkyələr in Azerbaijani) include the Takya in the Old City of Baku.
In the modern Arab world, takyas ( Arabic: تَكَايَا, romanized: takāyā, plural of تَكِيَّة takiyya) have come to refer to places or institutions providing food assistance to those in need: for example, the Tkiyet Um Ali founded in Amman in 2003, or the Takiyyat Nābulus al-Khayriyya founded in Nablus in 2012. [28]
Shah Musafir, whose 'takia' is at Aurangabad
Musafir (takya de 1739)
The younger shaykh, Baba Musafir, turned to the task of establishing a takya or khanqah at Awrangabad
takya at Aurangabad
the Takya of Bābā Musāfir in Awrangābād
takyas (graveyards)
Takya, a pillow, a resting-place of Faqīrs
بناء الحسينية كان حديث العهد بإيران، وأما التكايا فكانت معروفة ومنتشرة في أنحاء إيران وكانت تقام فيها بعض الشعائر الحسينية أيضا قبل أن تنتقل إلى الحسينيات التي تخصصت بالشعائر الحسينية.
Osmanlılar'da hankah yerine daha çok dergâh, tekke ve zâviye kelimeleri kullanılmıştır
takya is used also in India and in Xinjiang (China). In the Indian subcontinent, the terms used are jamā'at-khāna (meeting room), takya (pillow, bolster) or dargāh (royal court) and langar (refectory), a term of Sanskrit origin, and sometimes imarat (religious complex).
A takya [a] (from Classical Persian: تَکْیه, romanized: takya; [1] modern Iranian Persian: تَکْیه, romanized: takye; [2] Azerbaijani: təkyə; [3] Ottoman Turkish: تَکْیه, romanized: tekye [4] [modern Turkish: tekke]; Panjabi: تَکْیہ, romanized: takya; [5] Urdu: تَکْیہ, romanized: takya; [6] Uzbek: takya; Arabic: تَكِيَّة, romanized: takiyya, plural تَكَايَا takāyā) or takyakhana (from Classical Persian: تَکْیهخانه, romanized: takya-khāna; Uzbek: takyaxona) was originally a type of building or complex for Sufi gatherings in the Islamic world (which could also provide shelter to pilgrims); under this sense, takyas functioned much like khanqahs, which had appeared earlier and which had flourished in pre-Ottoman Syria and Egypt and in India.
In the Ottoman Empire, many takyas or tekyes/tekkes were built, most notably for use as Mawlawī khānas ( Ottoman Turkish: مولوی خانهلر, romanized: Mevlevi haneler, i.e. houses of the Mevlevi Order or Mawlawiyya) [7] .
In South Asia as well, the word takya has been used as a synonym of khanqah (like the Takya of Baba Shah Musafir [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [b] at Aurangabad), but also to refer to the cemetery or graveyard of Sufis [14] [5] [15] [16] .
In Iran, however, takyas found a different usage. Following the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, existing takyas became used as husayniyyas [17] (buildings where Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram) .
In the modern Arab world, takyas or takiyyas have come to refer to places or institutions providing food assistance to those in need .
The Classical Persian word تَکْیه takya at its core meant "support"; also "cushion" or "pillow" [1] (this meaning has become widespread in South Asian languages which borrowed this word, including Hindustani, Bangali, Gujarati, Panjabi [5] and Sindhi [c]). The word was also borrowed in Ottoman Turkish as تَكْیه tekye, [4] eventually making its way into Arabic as تَكِيَّة takiyya and in languages of the Balkans.
Other words were derived from تَکْیه takya in Classical Persian, such as تکیهنشین takya-nishīn and تکیهدار takya-dār both meaning a Sufi.
Many takyas (or tekkeler in Turkish; Ottoman Turkish: تَكْیهلر, romanized: tekyeler) have been built in Turkey and in the countries which came under Ottoman rule. The Ottomans used the words takya (Turkish: tekke), dargāh (Turkish: dergâh) and zāwiya (Turkish: zâviye) instead of khānqāh ( Turkish: hankah). [19] Among the Ottoman Sufi orders which had the most takyas were the Mevlevi Order and the Bektashi Order. [7]
By the 20th century, Istanbul itself counted many takyas. Some were dedicated to certain Muslim communities (for example, the Uzbeks' Takya [d] or the Indians' Takya [e]) which symbolized a certain recognition of these communities by the Ottomans. [22] Iranians in Istanbul in the 1870s also attempted to establish a "Takya Ḥosayniya" [23] (Turkish: Hüseyniye Tekkesi), [23] which was meant to be used as a husayniyya like the takyas of Iran .
Ottoman takyas can be found in Albania, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Cyprus, in Egypt, in Greece, in North Macedonia and in Syria.
In South Asia, the word takya in the religious sense has been used as a synonym of khanqah (like the Takya of Baba Shah Musafir [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [b] at Aurangabad) alongside the words jamāʿat-khāna ( Urdu: جماعت خانہ), dargāh (Urdu: درگاہ, lit. 'royal court'), langar (Urdu: لنگر, lit. 'refectory' [f]) and sometimes ʿimārat (Urdu: عمارت, lit. 'building'). [24]
In Hindustani and Panjabi, the word takya has also referred to the cemetery or graveyard of Sufis. [14] [5] [15] [16]
Following the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, existing takyas in Iran became used as husayniyyas [17] (buildings where Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram). This is one of the reasons why the words "takyeh" and "hoseyniyeh" are often used interchangeably in modern Iran. [25] The majority of takyehs built in Iran since Iran's conversion have been built to be used as husayniyyas, although some of them also include a zaynabiyya (in honor of Husayn's sister Zaynab bint Ali) [26] or an abbasiyya (in honor of Husayn's paternal half-brother Abbas ibn Ali), like the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk. [27] Famous takyas or takyehs in Iran include the Takyeh of Mir Chakhmaq in Yazd (built in the 15th century), the Takyeh Beyglarbeygi and the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk in Kermanshah, and the former Takyeh Dowlat built by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in Tehran, all of which have been used as husayniyyas.
In Azerbaijan, examples of takyas (or təkyələr in Azerbaijani) include the Takya in the Old City of Baku.
In the modern Arab world, takyas ( Arabic: تَكَايَا, romanized: takāyā, plural of تَكِيَّة takiyya) have come to refer to places or institutions providing food assistance to those in need: for example, the Tkiyet Um Ali founded in Amman in 2003, or the Takiyyat Nābulus al-Khayriyya founded in Nablus in 2012. [28]
Shah Musafir, whose 'takia' is at Aurangabad
Musafir (takya de 1739)
The younger shaykh, Baba Musafir, turned to the task of establishing a takya or khanqah at Awrangabad
takya at Aurangabad
the Takya of Bābā Musāfir in Awrangābād
takyas (graveyards)
Takya, a pillow, a resting-place of Faqīrs
بناء الحسينية كان حديث العهد بإيران، وأما التكايا فكانت معروفة ومنتشرة في أنحاء إيران وكانت تقام فيها بعض الشعائر الحسينية أيضا قبل أن تنتقل إلى الحسينيات التي تخصصت بالشعائر الحسينية.
Osmanlılar'da hankah yerine daha çok dergâh, tekke ve zâviye kelimeleri kullanılmıştır
takya is used also in India and in Xinjiang (China). In the Indian subcontinent, the terms used are jamā'at-khāna (meeting room), takya (pillow, bolster) or dargāh (royal court) and langar (refectory), a term of Sanskrit origin, and sometimes imarat (religious complex).