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Refractive error article. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. |
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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 14 June 2021 and 11 July 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Neuro1111. Peer reviewers: Monicro98.
Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT ( talk) 07:56, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
As of today, "Refraction error" receives 11,800 Google hits [1], where as "Refractive error" receives 325,000 [2]. I suggest that Refraction error redirect to Refractive error. - AED 04:07, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
(Note: this now occurs. Dragon Dave 00:16, 21 March 2007 (UTC))
The article should address the question of how a refractive error is different from nearsightedness or farsightedness. Or are nearsightedness & farsightedness simply common speech for the outcomes of refractive errors? It's unclear from the text. anon
96.60.13.125 (
talk) 22:36, 6 October 2009 (UTC)
There are different cases of refractive errors, including myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness) - they are refractive errors, but different kinds. Other cases of refractive errors include presbyopia and astigmatism. This can probably be better clarified in the article. Bstephens393 ( talk) 13:59, 10 March 2011 (UTC)
Also, the caption for the image of the eye examiner and patient used to say that the examiner was using a retinoscope along with a phoropter to measure the patient's refractive error, but upon a closer look, he is only using trial lenses, so I have edited the caption to better suit the image. Bstephens393 ( talk) 13:59, 10 March 2011 (UTC)
This must be wrong. I suppose it is more than, for example, 500 per 100 000 inhabitants. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.253.245.124 ( talk) 22:08, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
Hello contributors. I have gotten lazy maintaining "dead" articles with my edits going unnoticed by the Wikipedia community, so I was surprised to see edits I made yesterday be reverted. I feel this article contains redundancies, poor and/or misleading wordings, and other areas that could generally be improved. I'd like to formally announce my intention to attempt to improve this article. Anyone that disagrees with any of my edits, please feel free to discuss them here or within another section of this talk page.
Thank you and I look forward to working with you.
Garvin Talk 14:44, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
It seems to me that the descriptions of myopia/hyperopia/etc. could all be consolidated into the classification section. This would reduce redundancy and improve clarity. If anyone feels differently, please discuss your thoughts here.
Garvin Talk 14:49, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
The previous definition of an object beyond 8 meters seemed arbitrary and without citation. I have changed it, but I fail to find a citation confirming my edit. The articles at Visual acuity and Snellen Chart agree with my edit, but they also have no citation for this information. I believe the problem is that the fact is universally accepted in the eyecare and vision science communities. I will wipe the dust of some old textbooks to see if I can get a formal source/citation. Garvin Talk 15:23, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
"is a problem with focusing light on the retina due to the shape of the eye"
versus
"is a problem focusing of light accurately on the retina due to the shape of the eye."
Accurately is not needed IMO as if it is not accurate it is not focusing. There is no such thing as inaccurate focusing. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 17:43, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
This source about special contact lenses is not particularly good. [5] Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 17:44, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
Okay found a couple of recent review articles that support the content in question [6] Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 21:07, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
Proposed Section | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blur is the subjective experience or perception of a defocus aberration within the eye. Blur may appear differently depending on the amount and type of refractive error. The following are some examples of blurred images that may result from refractive errors: Blur is corrected by focusing light on the retina. This may be done with eyeglasses or contact lenses, or by altering the shape of various eye structures via refractive surgery or special contact lenses. Eyeglasses sometimes have unwanted effects including magnification or reduction, distortion, color fringes, altered depth perception, etc. Although many people think of lenses as magnifiers, the lenses within eyeglasses improve vision primarily by reducing blur. Depending on the optical setup, they may also produce magnification or reduction of images which may or may not be intentional or desirable. Often, magnifiers are part of a regimen prescribed by low vision optometrists to help people with reduced vision. The visual acuity is measured with an eye chart. The eye chart is the background used by eye doctors to compare the patient's visual acuity with that of other individuals who have viewed the chart. Although there are many variations in type of eye chart, the standard one is the Snellen eye chart, which was developed by Dutch eye doctor Hermann Snellen in the 1860s. Usually, these charts show 11 rows of capital letters and it is common that the first row contains one letter (the "big E") and the other rows contain letters that are progressively smaller. Other types of eye charts are the Landolt C and the pediatric Lea test. With individuals who are unable to read letters for various reasons, including being too young to know the alphabet or having a handicap, eye doctors may use what is called the tumbling E chart. This type of chart is a variation of the Snellen chart and shows the capital letter E at different sizes and rotated in increments of 90 degrees. The scale of the tumbling E chart is the same as with the standard Snellen chart. The eye doctor, in this case, will ask the person being tested to use either hand (with fingers extended) to show in which direction the "fingers" of the E are pointing: right, left, up or down. In the United States, a 20/20 visual acuity is considered normal. This means that the chart is normally placed at 20 feet distance from the person who is being tested. 20/20 visual acuity is considered normal vision for individuals, but not perfect, as some individuals, although rare, can see at 20 feet what others can see at 10. While vision can be poorer than 20/200, a person with the best-corrected vision (once wearing corrective lenses) of 20/200 is normally considered legally blind. Individuals with 20/200 vision are normally able to read only the first letter on the chart. Usually the 20/20 line of letters is fourth from the bottom, with 20/15, 20/10 and 20/5 below that. Not many people have 20/10 or better visual acuity, but many animals do, especially birds of prey, which have been estimated to have an acuity of 20/5 or even better. In the United States, individuals who want to get their driver's licenses without corrective lens restrictions must have at least 20/40 visual acuity. Eye charts do not provide information on peripheral vision, depth perception, color perception, or contrast sensitivity and therefore do not sufficiently characterize the quality of vision, nor assess the health of the eyes. A complete eye examination will include other tests. However, eye charts are useful in deciding whether the patients need eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct their distance visions, and assessing how effective their refractive corrections are. |
The above is a copy/paste from the Eyeglass prescription article. It seems like the information fits this article as blur is a symptom of refractive error. If it were to exist in a complete form here, the section at Eyeglass prescription could be condensed and a "see also: Refractive error" could be added. I welcome input as to where this section would fit best into the existing article. Garvin Talk 17:19, 30 October 2017 (UTC)
This
is a primary source https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=14638728
is from 1982 "Eva, Paul Riordan. "Refractive change in hyperglycaemia: hyperopia, not myopia." British Journal of Ophthalmology (1982)"
Primary source from 1992 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=1537826
Primary source https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539801
Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 20:10, 23 November 2017 (UTC)
What ref says that these are types?
"Other terminology include anisometropia, when the two eyes have unequal refractive power, [1] and aniseikonia which is when the magnification power between the eyes differ. [2]"
Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 20:00, 11 February 2020 (UTC)
References
I decided on choosing this topic because it is immensely common and important and if not treated , though it looks simple can have dire consequences too . The article is rated a C grade article with top priority. This is interesting to me because I very well know that many people will google up this symptom and other than my specific interests , I thought augmenting the article of public concern , will be a way to contribute the most
The article looks poorly updated and poorly informed with random sentences and lacking an organizational structure . The article hasn't been updated with the latest version of developments .
The article will be organized as follows on the subheadings :
Have a tabulated format or a picture added to it .
Get its individual subsection .
Updated list of causes will be listed and explained
Tabulated the causes of refractive error
All of the diagnostic procedure in the dark room will be added in subsections
Each form of management will be given subsections
This section will be moved between the introduction and classification and also there will be addition of the country or regional variation of refractive errors.
Causes of refractive errors , preventive measures etc will be added .
Ill be adding an account on the snellen chart Signs and symptoms of refractive error section Add subsections in the diagnosis
Quantification of refractive error
Add the genetic factors in a tabulated form Add the description in a detailed way for the types of the refractive errors and maybe keep a subsection of each
Keep a figure of the classification table
Describe each management technique like refractive surgery , contact lenses , glasses in a simplified way .
Add the recent global burden disease study Country level burden of Refractive errors Highlight the variation of the global burden of the disease around the world Neuro1111 ( talk) 12:51, 17 June 2021 (UTC)
I plan to add a section about the normal anatomy/physiology of the eye and refraction prior to the description of refractive error. Potentially could give very brief description then link to pages on eye or lens. I also would like to remove the section that in "classification" that goes too deep into the physics of refraction, using terminology that I feel is out of reach for lay people.
I want to edit the overview section to have a header and to be more clear, giving an overview rather than specifics. I also think that a lot of the language and descriptions need to be simplified or removed to facilitate understanding by the intended audience.
In the section about risk factors for refractive error, I want to clarify that looking at things close up stimulates the lengthening of the eyeball, promoting near-sightedness.'
Discuss refractive error in children, including natural myopic shift and risk of ambylopia if left untreated
Discuss what cylcoplegics are, how long they last, and why they are used.
Hello, I have read your work plan and the article. Refractive errors are very common and thus should have more information for people to understand it better. Here are some points I would like to make on the article in general as it is now after changes been made.
See you around. Monicro98 ( talk) 17:57, 10 July 2021 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 23 October 2023 and 17 November 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Japown ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by Japown ( talk) 19:29, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
Lead
Content
Tone and Balance
Sources and References
Organization
Overall impressions
Additional Questions
Hopper1828 ( talk) 13:39, 13 November 2023 (UTC)
There should be a section on animal refractive errors as considering we have an article on myopia in animals and it is generally known that many animals suffer from refractive errors that aren't just myopia too. 2001:FB1:97:82A5:18BB:2C9:745A:714C ( talk) 12:18, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
This is the
talk page for discussing improvements to the
Refractive error article. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. |
Article policies
|
Find medical sources: Source guidelines · PubMed · Cochrane · DOAJ · Gale · OpenMD · ScienceDirect · Springer · Trip · Wiley · TWL |
This
level-5 vital article is rated B-class on Wikipedia's
content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | ||||||||||||||
|
Ideal sources for Wikipedia's health content are defined in the guideline
Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine) and are typically
review articles. Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about Refractive error.
|
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 14 June 2021 and 11 July 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Neuro1111. Peer reviewers: Monicro98.
Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT ( talk) 07:56, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
As of today, "Refraction error" receives 11,800 Google hits [1], where as "Refractive error" receives 325,000 [2]. I suggest that Refraction error redirect to Refractive error. - AED 04:07, 4 June 2006 (UTC)
(Note: this now occurs. Dragon Dave 00:16, 21 March 2007 (UTC))
The article should address the question of how a refractive error is different from nearsightedness or farsightedness. Or are nearsightedness & farsightedness simply common speech for the outcomes of refractive errors? It's unclear from the text. anon
96.60.13.125 (
talk) 22:36, 6 October 2009 (UTC)
There are different cases of refractive errors, including myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness) - they are refractive errors, but different kinds. Other cases of refractive errors include presbyopia and astigmatism. This can probably be better clarified in the article. Bstephens393 ( talk) 13:59, 10 March 2011 (UTC)
Also, the caption for the image of the eye examiner and patient used to say that the examiner was using a retinoscope along with a phoropter to measure the patient's refractive error, but upon a closer look, he is only using trial lenses, so I have edited the caption to better suit the image. Bstephens393 ( talk) 13:59, 10 March 2011 (UTC)
This must be wrong. I suppose it is more than, for example, 500 per 100 000 inhabitants. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.253.245.124 ( talk) 22:08, 12 August 2011 (UTC)
Hello contributors. I have gotten lazy maintaining "dead" articles with my edits going unnoticed by the Wikipedia community, so I was surprised to see edits I made yesterday be reverted. I feel this article contains redundancies, poor and/or misleading wordings, and other areas that could generally be improved. I'd like to formally announce my intention to attempt to improve this article. Anyone that disagrees with any of my edits, please feel free to discuss them here or within another section of this talk page.
Thank you and I look forward to working with you.
Garvin Talk 14:44, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
It seems to me that the descriptions of myopia/hyperopia/etc. could all be consolidated into the classification section. This would reduce redundancy and improve clarity. If anyone feels differently, please discuss your thoughts here.
Garvin Talk 14:49, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
The previous definition of an object beyond 8 meters seemed arbitrary and without citation. I have changed it, but I fail to find a citation confirming my edit. The articles at Visual acuity and Snellen Chart agree with my edit, but they also have no citation for this information. I believe the problem is that the fact is universally accepted in the eyecare and vision science communities. I will wipe the dust of some old textbooks to see if I can get a formal source/citation. Garvin Talk 15:23, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
"is a problem with focusing light on the retina due to the shape of the eye"
versus
"is a problem focusing of light accurately on the retina due to the shape of the eye."
Accurately is not needed IMO as if it is not accurate it is not focusing. There is no such thing as inaccurate focusing. Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 17:43, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
This source about special contact lenses is not particularly good. [5] Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 17:44, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
Okay found a couple of recent review articles that support the content in question [6] Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 21:07, 26 October 2017 (UTC)
Proposed Section | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blur is the subjective experience or perception of a defocus aberration within the eye. Blur may appear differently depending on the amount and type of refractive error. The following are some examples of blurred images that may result from refractive errors: Blur is corrected by focusing light on the retina. This may be done with eyeglasses or contact lenses, or by altering the shape of various eye structures via refractive surgery or special contact lenses. Eyeglasses sometimes have unwanted effects including magnification or reduction, distortion, color fringes, altered depth perception, etc. Although many people think of lenses as magnifiers, the lenses within eyeglasses improve vision primarily by reducing blur. Depending on the optical setup, they may also produce magnification or reduction of images which may or may not be intentional or desirable. Often, magnifiers are part of a regimen prescribed by low vision optometrists to help people with reduced vision. The visual acuity is measured with an eye chart. The eye chart is the background used by eye doctors to compare the patient's visual acuity with that of other individuals who have viewed the chart. Although there are many variations in type of eye chart, the standard one is the Snellen eye chart, which was developed by Dutch eye doctor Hermann Snellen in the 1860s. Usually, these charts show 11 rows of capital letters and it is common that the first row contains one letter (the "big E") and the other rows contain letters that are progressively smaller. Other types of eye charts are the Landolt C and the pediatric Lea test. With individuals who are unable to read letters for various reasons, including being too young to know the alphabet or having a handicap, eye doctors may use what is called the tumbling E chart. This type of chart is a variation of the Snellen chart and shows the capital letter E at different sizes and rotated in increments of 90 degrees. The scale of the tumbling E chart is the same as with the standard Snellen chart. The eye doctor, in this case, will ask the person being tested to use either hand (with fingers extended) to show in which direction the "fingers" of the E are pointing: right, left, up or down. In the United States, a 20/20 visual acuity is considered normal. This means that the chart is normally placed at 20 feet distance from the person who is being tested. 20/20 visual acuity is considered normal vision for individuals, but not perfect, as some individuals, although rare, can see at 20 feet what others can see at 10. While vision can be poorer than 20/200, a person with the best-corrected vision (once wearing corrective lenses) of 20/200 is normally considered legally blind. Individuals with 20/200 vision are normally able to read only the first letter on the chart. Usually the 20/20 line of letters is fourth from the bottom, with 20/15, 20/10 and 20/5 below that. Not many people have 20/10 or better visual acuity, but many animals do, especially birds of prey, which have been estimated to have an acuity of 20/5 or even better. In the United States, individuals who want to get their driver's licenses without corrective lens restrictions must have at least 20/40 visual acuity. Eye charts do not provide information on peripheral vision, depth perception, color perception, or contrast sensitivity and therefore do not sufficiently characterize the quality of vision, nor assess the health of the eyes. A complete eye examination will include other tests. However, eye charts are useful in deciding whether the patients need eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct their distance visions, and assessing how effective their refractive corrections are. |
The above is a copy/paste from the Eyeglass prescription article. It seems like the information fits this article as blur is a symptom of refractive error. If it were to exist in a complete form here, the section at Eyeglass prescription could be condensed and a "see also: Refractive error" could be added. I welcome input as to where this section would fit best into the existing article. Garvin Talk 17:19, 30 October 2017 (UTC)
This
is a primary source https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=14638728
is from 1982 "Eva, Paul Riordan. "Refractive change in hyperglycaemia: hyperopia, not myopia." British Journal of Ophthalmology (1982)"
Primary source from 1992 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=1537826
Primary source https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539801
Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 20:10, 23 November 2017 (UTC)
What ref says that these are types?
"Other terminology include anisometropia, when the two eyes have unequal refractive power, [1] and aniseikonia which is when the magnification power between the eyes differ. [2]"
Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 20:00, 11 February 2020 (UTC)
References
I decided on choosing this topic because it is immensely common and important and if not treated , though it looks simple can have dire consequences too . The article is rated a C grade article with top priority. This is interesting to me because I very well know that many people will google up this symptom and other than my specific interests , I thought augmenting the article of public concern , will be a way to contribute the most
The article looks poorly updated and poorly informed with random sentences and lacking an organizational structure . The article hasn't been updated with the latest version of developments .
The article will be organized as follows on the subheadings :
Have a tabulated format or a picture added to it .
Get its individual subsection .
Updated list of causes will be listed and explained
Tabulated the causes of refractive error
All of the diagnostic procedure in the dark room will be added in subsections
Each form of management will be given subsections
This section will be moved between the introduction and classification and also there will be addition of the country or regional variation of refractive errors.
Causes of refractive errors , preventive measures etc will be added .
Ill be adding an account on the snellen chart Signs and symptoms of refractive error section Add subsections in the diagnosis
Quantification of refractive error
Add the genetic factors in a tabulated form Add the description in a detailed way for the types of the refractive errors and maybe keep a subsection of each
Keep a figure of the classification table
Describe each management technique like refractive surgery , contact lenses , glasses in a simplified way .
Add the recent global burden disease study Country level burden of Refractive errors Highlight the variation of the global burden of the disease around the world Neuro1111 ( talk) 12:51, 17 June 2021 (UTC)
I plan to add a section about the normal anatomy/physiology of the eye and refraction prior to the description of refractive error. Potentially could give very brief description then link to pages on eye or lens. I also would like to remove the section that in "classification" that goes too deep into the physics of refraction, using terminology that I feel is out of reach for lay people.
I want to edit the overview section to have a header and to be more clear, giving an overview rather than specifics. I also think that a lot of the language and descriptions need to be simplified or removed to facilitate understanding by the intended audience.
In the section about risk factors for refractive error, I want to clarify that looking at things close up stimulates the lengthening of the eyeball, promoting near-sightedness.'
Discuss refractive error in children, including natural myopic shift and risk of ambylopia if left untreated
Discuss what cylcoplegics are, how long they last, and why they are used.
Hello, I have read your work plan and the article. Refractive errors are very common and thus should have more information for people to understand it better. Here are some points I would like to make on the article in general as it is now after changes been made.
See you around. Monicro98 ( talk) 17:57, 10 July 2021 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 23 October 2023 and 17 November 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Japown ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by Japown ( talk) 19:29, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
Lead
Content
Tone and Balance
Sources and References
Organization
Overall impressions
Additional Questions
Hopper1828 ( talk) 13:39, 13 November 2023 (UTC)
There should be a section on animal refractive errors as considering we have an article on myopia in animals and it is generally known that many animals suffer from refractive errors that aren't just myopia too. 2001:FB1:97:82A5:18BB:2C9:745A:714C ( talk) 12:18, 24 April 2024 (UTC)