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Would like to make a couple of suggestions for the subheading "Flood Myths" here on this talk page 1) possibly including additional Indo-European legends possibly relevant to this subheading. Additionally some of these included references could either be put under the "see also" section and or the "references" situation. The article list one example of an ancient Grecian flood story (however there's at least one more). Although the example of Deucalion cited, there's a lot of room for expansion even on that.
The current page does list examples: Old Roman/Italian, Iranian/Persian, Scandinavian (both Finnish & the Norse legends), the Welsh, etc. So there's is a possibly room for expansion. 2) Additionally the subheading "Flood myths" section could and in my humble should include references to cited material. The following material below was not put together randomly but systematically listed for the benefit of all to look over as an aid for expanding and revising the article. Thank you -- Anaccuratesource ( talk) 04:42, 9 September 2015 (UTC)
I hope this will make it a lot easier to edit the article and more helpful to future page visitors. Thank you. --
Anaccuratesource (
talk) 04:42, 9 September 2015 (UTC)
There is a whole paragraph that makes apparently baseless claims citing an unrelated source: Snow, Justine T. (June 2002). "The Spider's Web. Goddess of Light and Loom: Evidence for the Indo-European Origin of Two Ancient Chinese Deities"
When I tried to search for certain claims made in that paragraph (particularly Menelaus being a remnant of a moon god) I couldn't find anything, and the source being referenced doesn't contain the words "Menelaus" or "Helen" even once in the whole document, and "Troy" appears three times in a totally irrelevant context. Admittedly I cannot dig deeper into this question right now but I suspect those two characters being called remnants of a sun goddess and moon god based on an apparently completely unrelated source isn't the only case of original research in this article. -- Attilapw ( talk) 21:19, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
@ Attilapw: The claims in the " Sun and Moon" subsection of this article that you found to be unsupported by the source cited were originally cited to an article titled "Proto-Indo-European Sun Maidens and Gods of the Moon" that was published in the white supremacist pseudo-journal Mankind Quarterly in 1984. In case you were unaware, Mankind Quarterly is primarily known for promoting white supremacy, scientific racism, eugenics, and other fascistic ideas. No respectable academic would dare publish in it and it holds no academic credibility. I removed the entire passage that was cited to that source in an edit on 26 October 2018, stating in my edit summary, "removing citation to an article in *Mankind Quarterly*, a white supremacist pseudo-journal with no academic credibility, along with all the information that was cited to that article."
The entire passage was almost immediately restored later that day in a revert by Falconfly, who kept the text almost exactly the same, but replaced the citation to the article from Mankind Quarterly with a citation to the article "The Spider's Web. Goddess of Light and Loom: Evidence for the Indo-European Origin of Two Ancient Chinese Deities" by Justine T. Snow, published in 2002. Falconfly's edit summary for that revert states: "Undid revision 865855536 by Katolophyromai (talk) Replaced with citacions [sic] to Snow 2002, which more or less presents the same conclusion but is hosted on a paper that appears to be less racist."
Because I did not have access to this publication, I assumed that Falconfly's edit summary was correct and that the source did indeed support the information given. In the meantime, Falconfly is now indefinitely blocked from editing Wikipedia. The reason why Falconfly is blocked is stated in their block log as "Making legal threats: after warnings, plus persistent personal attacks." — Katolophyromai ( talk) 00:54, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
Hi. I have spent some time improving this article and others related to PIE society. Given the nature of the scholarship involved to reconstruct the PIE set of beliefs, I would propose the following rules if other contributors agree:
Best regards, Azerty82 ( talk) 21:35, 27 November 2019 (UTC)
/info/en/?search=Proto-Indo-European_mythology#Cosmology
Hello Azerty82,
the linking of the superordinate principle in the PIE mythology to a creator deity is your wishful thinking, however it is erroneous and trying to establish a link by fishy linguistics is your very own Original Research ( /info/en/?search=Wikipedia:No_original_research). The source Mallory & Adams on page 276 says not a single word about a creator deity and so i revert the current version in the near future, i requested 3rd opinion now. And to me personally your intentions are very clear : You have a monotheistic, very likely christian background, and now you want to project this on the pre-christian worldview. i really hope that you will not come up with primeval monotheism ( https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Primeval+Monotheism%2C+Theory+of) Anytime when one inserts a neutral statement about the native cosmic order you copy back in a statement that includes words like 'divine', 'battle of gods against demons', 'dualistic' worldview. You did not understand the Structuralist School although you also use quotations from it that you twist around until they fit your needs. The key point of the Structuralist School is that the existing duality is unified in the end into an equilibrium, read the beginning of the article. This is why the symbol of a balance is used so frequently in Indo-European art. The Structuralist School interprets the PIE triases like this : life-giving element - balancing element - death-bringing element cf this image of the Slavic Fates : https://slowianowierstwo.wordpress.com/2015/01/14/rodzanice/
The key point that you miss here is the balancing element because this balancing element is often not personified.
With your biased christian black-and-white worldview you get no access to the deeper meaning of the PIE mythology and so you should stay very close to the sources, i personally think you should not write in this article at all, because what the wikipedia really does not need are man-on-a-mission and you are writing really much in this article if one sees the revision history
And to be very honest, i think you are older than 26 years.
But beside this, if you show me where in the source Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006). The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2 on page 276 is mentioned the word 'divine' or 'divine creation' like in the text you want to insert, we can talk about keeping the current version, else we will revert back. And for sure i will include the full citation again. Beside this you should give a clear hint to who you think which deity establishes or impersonates the allegedly divine cosmic order.
With your opinion about the PIE mythology you are very alone because the PIE people were animistic and their conception about the natural order was very technical (like in modern physics) and not personal like in the monotheistic worldviews
As i said i requested 3rd opinion and now i wait for this... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 7:31 1 April 2020 (UTC)
A more basic Indo-European verb for divine creation is *dheh1, which means to set in place, lay down, or establish (...) The Vedic creator god Dhātr has his name from the same verb.Once again, the source was clearly located in the article.
The PIE set of belief is founded on a resistant animistic substrate. We shall prefer the terms "sky-god" and "thunder-god" to "god of the sky" and "god of thunder".
Pande defines Rta as "the ideal principle in ordering, the paradigmatic principle of ultimate reality". Rta is the great criterion of the Rgveda, the standard of truth both for individual instances of human morality and for cosmic order and truth. The god Varuna is the guardian and preserver of the Rta, although Varuna also must abide its rules. Rta is more passive than the active god of christianity, but nevertheless it encompasses the order of the sacrifice, the physical order of the universe and the moral law.
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 13:57, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
PS: I've seen your comment in the history of edits. I don't have to "prove the Kurgan hypothesis" to state that Hittite is the oldest (directly) attested I-E language. I just have to use radiocarbon dating of Hittite tablets. Vedic Sanskrit is estimated to date back to the same period based upon linguistic evidence. But the fact that Hittite is the most archaic I-E language is what is important here.
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 14:09, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
In the PIE worldview the relation of the deities to the superordinate cosmic order becomes also obvious in the fact that deities are never almighty what shows up in tales like that of Zeus and the Moirai (read the beginning of the article) or Zeus and Sarpedon. Zeus is not able to safe his son's life because he has to be obedient to the cosmic order or fate (in this case represented by the Moirai, Hera and the Horae)
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 14:20, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
Another kind of binary opposition we ought to keep in mind is one which often appears among IE radical homophones. These are of two kinds: (1) complementaries, and (2) direct oppositions. (...) These homophonic antinomies are not a universal feature of the proto-language, but one which occurs often enough to be indicative of the possible IE tendency toward polarized perception and among which, beside a basic positive-negative duality, we may locate divine-asurian oppositions as well. The complementaries are also homophonic but as balancing counterparts rather than conflicting antitheses.
A more basic Indo-European verb for divine creation is *dheh1, which means to set in place, lay down, or establish. We find it in Hittite of the gods who nēbis dēgan dāir, ‘established heaven (and) earth’; in the Gāthās, Y. 44. 3 kasnā xəng strəmcā dāt advānəm? ‘Who made the path of the sun and stars?’ 5 kə huvāpå raocåscā dāt təmåscā? kə huvāpå xvafnəmcā dāt zaēmācā? ‘What skilful artificer made the regions of light and dark? What skilful artifi- cer made sleep and waking?’ 7 vīspanam dātārəm ‘maker of all things’; and similarly in the Old Persian inscriptions, of Ahuramazda hya imām būmim adā, hya avam asmānam adā, ‘who created this earth, who created that sky’. (DNa 1, DSe 1, etc.). The Vedic creator god Dhātr has his name from the same verb.
References
About your Third Opinion Request: I just removed it because it was placed in the wrong place on the 3O request page. Whoever is posting it is replacing a permanent example rather than posting it in the listing section. I was going to move it into the proper place, but the request is also defective because it focuses more on editor conduct than on article content, and 3O does not handle disputes about editor conduct, unsurprisingly it also names names of the editors involved, which also violates the 3O listing rules. If you choose to relist this, please be sure to put it in the correct place, not replacing anything, don't mention user names (your own or the other editor's), don't mention user conduct (such as POV or bias), and focus only on the content issues in question. If you do want to take up user conduct instead of getting an opinion about content, use WP:ANI after carefully reading and following the rules there. — TransporterMan ( TALK) 16:50, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
This element derives < OIA dádhāti ‘places, lays on, gives, seizes’ (6145), but regarding the exact meaning one needs to consider the meanings given for the precursor PIE *dheh1- , namely ‘to put, lay down, sit down, produce, make, speak, say, bring back’.
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 18:18, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
As i said it would be good to elucidate in the article the relation between the passive PIE cosmic order and the activities of the living beings (what includes the deities) that have to abide by the rules of the cosmic order.
So the *hₐér stem is passive superior cosmic order / equilibrium while the *dhéh₁- stem is the active part (lawful conduct or more souvereign actions of deities however still in obedience of the cosmic order )
In general the relation between the *hₐér- stem and the *dhéh₁- stem should be elucidated.
The deity Dhātr is always equated to Brahma and Brahma is a very young deity. So it is questionable when Dhātr entered the Vedas, according to several sources i read also very late (with only a few mentionings compared to the nearly almighty powers this deity has in mythology). This is why i think this deity is a late insertion however West mentions it for some reasons... Themis is of the native PIE stratum and with Arthamis even rta is linked to it....
i do not think that the Vedic tradition is completely pure PIE mythology, however i think thst is the purest form we have. It is completely naive to believe that any of the European traditions about PIE traditions is left untouched by the later 1000 years of monotheism, and to a less extent this also applies to the Vedas and Hinduism. And the main IE mythologies i am firm with are the Nordic and Eastern ones (Norse, Celtic (Welsh), Baltic Germanic, Vedic ) That Greek mythology is heavily tainted is very obvious however if you dig into the older strata (titans,...) and compare this to other daughter mythologies the general pattern shines through.
i have to go to work now ...
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 05:23, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
Here is my text for insertion into the article :
Linguistic evidence has led scholars to reconstruct the concept of a superordinate impersonal cosmic order,*hₐértus, denoting "what is fitting, rightly ordered" and ultimately deriving from the root *haer-, "to fit" : Hittite āra ("right, proper"); [1] Sanskrit ṛta ("right time, order, rule"); [2] [3] Avestan arəta- ("order"); Greek artús ("arrangement"), possibly arete ("excellence") via the root *h₂erh₁ ("please, satisfy"); [4] Latin artus ("joint"); Tocharian A ārtt- ("to praise, be pleased with"); Armernian ard ("ornament, shape"); Middle High German art ("innate feature, nature, fashion"). [5]
This cosmic order is a passive principle, nevertheless it is superior, [6] similar to a symmetry principle. Interlocked with the root *hₐer- is the root *dʰeh₁- that means "to put, lay down, sit down, produce, make, speak, say, bring back" [7] [8] The Greek thémis and Sanskrit dhāman, both meaning "law" derive from *dʰeh₁-men-/i-. This notion of "law" includes an active principle, it has themeaning of actions in obedience to the cosmic order. In a social context it is interpreted as lawful conduct. The law or rule refered to in this context is the superordinate cosmic order (that is derived from the PIE root *hₐer-).
So the semantic linking between the root *hₐer- and the root *dʰeh₁- is that of an order, rule or law and action in obedience to this order or law .This becomes obvious exemplarily in the Greek and Vedic daughter cultures in the Greek goddess Themis and the Buddhist code of lawful conduct, the Dharma. The etymology of Dharma can also be traced back to the PIE root *dʰeh₁-, [9] Themis personifies and unifies the cosmic order or natural law and the derived social rules of lawful conduct. [10] [11]
The interplay between the cosmic order and animate beings in the cosmos is attested in many mythological narratives from descendent Indo-European daughter cultures. Because these narratives have a similar or equal semantic content in all daughter cultures it can possibly be concluded that this semantic content was present in proto-Indo-European times yet. For example, in the mythologies of none of the Indo-European daughter cultures are existent almighty deities. The highest deities in the panthea are often considered to be guardians or preservers of the cosmic order, however they have to abide by its rules. This is e.g. the case for Mitra and Varuna that are the Guardians of the Rta. [12] The influence of the cosmic order is often named Fate in the narratives and many tales exist in that the deities have to bow to the Fate e.g. in Greek mythology Zeus can not save the life of his son Sarpedon and the power is divided between Zeus and the Moirai. In Norse mythology the power over the runes, which are a mythological manifestation of the cosmic order, is divided between Odin and the Nornir.
According to Martin Litchfield West the root *dʰeh₁- denotes the divine creation and consequentially the name of the Vedic creator god Dhātr also derives from the root *dʰeh₁-. [13] [14]
i think this complete but too extent now. 158.181.78.15 ( talk) 16:19, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
References
Ṛta, for example, is impersonal.
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cite web}}
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158.181.78.15 ( talk) 19:01, 2 April 2020 (UTC) (Ralf)
Ok, there is also an article for the Avestan Asha. So you add these sources to the draft, i copied West's quote under the Dhatr part. For sending an e-mail i have to create an account, will do this tomorrow ...
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 20:39, 2 April 2020 (UTC) (Ralf)
i just realized that i have an account, however i can still not write an e-mail Ralf478 ( talk) 21:17, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
I'm having some difficulty following the discussion above; could someone briefly summarize the main point at issue? (Thanks.) By the way, I found the articles in the English-language translation of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia on Semitic languages and the history of the alphabet to be quite interesting (because they were written by scholars such as Igor Diakonoff); I can't attest to the quality of articles in other areas, though... AnonMoos ( talk) 23:40, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
"17.4 Law and Order
The vocabulary of law [...] is not extensive in Proto-Indo-European and much of the concept 'law' derives from that of 'order' or 'what is fitting'. For example, we have *hₐértus from the root *hₐer- 'fit' which had already shifted to an association with cosmic order by the time of Indo-Iranians (e.g. Lat artus 'joint', MHG art 'innate feature, nature, fashion', dialectal Grk artús 'arranging, arrangement', Arm ard 'ornament, shape', Av arəta- 'order', Skt ṛtu- 'right time, order, rule', Toch B ārtt- 'love, praise'). More closely associated with ritual propriety is the Italic-Indo-Iranian isogloss that yields *yew(e)s- (Lat iūs 'law, right, justice, duty' "}, Av yaož -dā- 'make ritually pure', Skt śáṃca yóśca 'health and happiness') with a derived adjective *yusi(iy)os seen certainly in OIr uissse 'just right, fitting' and possibly OCS istǔ 'actual, true'. 'Law' itself, *dhéh₁-men-/i-, is 'that which is established' and derives from *dhéh₁- 'put, establish' but occurs in that meaning only in Grk thémis 'law' and Skt dhāman- 'law' (we also have *dhéh₁tis [e.g. Lat conditiō 'basis', NE 'deed', Grk 'order', Skt -dhiti- 'position']) though the same kind of semantic development is seen in Germanic (e.g. NE law) and Italic (e.g. Lat lex 'law'), both from *legh- 'lie', i.e. 'that which is laid out'. and thus the concept is pan-Indo-European.
Ralf478 ( talk) 05:23, 3 April 2020 (UTC)
A similar depiction of the appearance of the universe before the act of creation is given in the Vedic, Germanic and, at least partly, in the Greek tradition. The Rigveda tells us that "neither non-being was nor being was at that time; there was not the air, nor the heaven beyond it... Neither death was nor the immortal then, nor was there the mark of night and day..." while "...earth was not, nor heaven above, nor tree... nor mountain there was, not a single star, nor the sun shone, nor the moon gave light, nor the bright sea..." in the Wessobrun prayer, and the author of the Völuspá writes that "...there was not sand nor sea nor the cool waves; earth was nowhere nor heaven above; Ginnunga Gap there was, but grass nowhere..." Although the idea of a created world is untypical of early Greek thinking, similar descriptions have been highlighted in Aristophanes's The Birds: "...there was Chasm and Night and dark Erebos at first, and broad Tartarus, but earth nor air nor heaven there was..." The analogy between the Greek Χἁος ("Chaos, Chasm") and the Norse Ginnungagap ("Gaping abyss") has also been noted by scholars. The importance of heat in Germanic creation myths has also been compared with similar Indian beliefs emphasized in the Vedic hymn on "cosmic heat".Azerty82 ( talk) 15:45, 3 April 2020 (UTC)
Ralf478 ( talk) 16:16, 3 April 2020 (UTC)
Ralf478 ( talk) 02:11, 4 April 2020 (UTC)
References
It appears that other than Sol and Mani, I can’t seem to find any other dirty linked to Proto-Indo-European. Have linguists come up with an explanation for the absence of Germanic deities in the PIE language?
Are the Germanic Gods native to Neolithic Europe or Scandinavia. Or has Germanic linguistics simply not been as closely payed attention too; compared to Eastern Europe, India and Celtic gods? :) Simonater2 ( talk) 11:27, 27 November 2021 (UTC)
Right now the "Pantheon" section is a complete mess. Several of the deities listed here are either not mentioned at all in Mallory and Adams or, in some cases, merely reconstructed as ordinary words, not names of deities. Also, people seem to keep adding original research linking unrelated deities from various pantheons to the deities reconstructed here. Furthermore, the table format is entirely unfitting for the presentation of this information. The information ought to be presented in paragraph form, where it can be explained in depth. I will be making major revisions to this section to get it up to snuff. -- Katolophyromai ( talk) 01:01, 16 March 2017 (UTC)
I would also like to suggest reviewing the similarity between herding god *Péh₂usōn and the vedic god Pushan. Pushan is an Aditya, and one of his attributes was looking after cattle herding. So he may not be a late addition but a very early one before the Indo-Iranians left the PIE. To add more the name of 12 Adityas are Vivasvan, Aryaman, Tvashta, Savitr, Bhaga, Dhata, Mitra, Varuna, Amsa, Pushan, Indra and Vishnu. Was Varuna and weather god *Perkʷunos were same God? Aryaman could have eventually evolved into Ahriman, when Zarathustra tried to reform the Ind-Iranian belief system? Suryabrata ( talk) 07:20, 11 September 2022 (UTC)
This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
Archive 1 | Archive 2 | Archive 3 |
Would like to make a couple of suggestions for the subheading "Flood Myths" here on this talk page 1) possibly including additional Indo-European legends possibly relevant to this subheading. Additionally some of these included references could either be put under the "see also" section and or the "references" situation. The article list one example of an ancient Grecian flood story (however there's at least one more). Although the example of Deucalion cited, there's a lot of room for expansion even on that.
The current page does list examples: Old Roman/Italian, Iranian/Persian, Scandinavian (both Finnish & the Norse legends), the Welsh, etc. So there's is a possibly room for expansion. 2) Additionally the subheading "Flood myths" section could and in my humble should include references to cited material. The following material below was not put together randomly but systematically listed for the benefit of all to look over as an aid for expanding and revising the article. Thank you -- Anaccuratesource ( talk) 04:42, 9 September 2015 (UTC)
I hope this will make it a lot easier to edit the article and more helpful to future page visitors. Thank you. --
Anaccuratesource (
talk) 04:42, 9 September 2015 (UTC)
There is a whole paragraph that makes apparently baseless claims citing an unrelated source: Snow, Justine T. (June 2002). "The Spider's Web. Goddess of Light and Loom: Evidence for the Indo-European Origin of Two Ancient Chinese Deities"
When I tried to search for certain claims made in that paragraph (particularly Menelaus being a remnant of a moon god) I couldn't find anything, and the source being referenced doesn't contain the words "Menelaus" or "Helen" even once in the whole document, and "Troy" appears three times in a totally irrelevant context. Admittedly I cannot dig deeper into this question right now but I suspect those two characters being called remnants of a sun goddess and moon god based on an apparently completely unrelated source isn't the only case of original research in this article. -- Attilapw ( talk) 21:19, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
@ Attilapw: The claims in the " Sun and Moon" subsection of this article that you found to be unsupported by the source cited were originally cited to an article titled "Proto-Indo-European Sun Maidens and Gods of the Moon" that was published in the white supremacist pseudo-journal Mankind Quarterly in 1984. In case you were unaware, Mankind Quarterly is primarily known for promoting white supremacy, scientific racism, eugenics, and other fascistic ideas. No respectable academic would dare publish in it and it holds no academic credibility. I removed the entire passage that was cited to that source in an edit on 26 October 2018, stating in my edit summary, "removing citation to an article in *Mankind Quarterly*, a white supremacist pseudo-journal with no academic credibility, along with all the information that was cited to that article."
The entire passage was almost immediately restored later that day in a revert by Falconfly, who kept the text almost exactly the same, but replaced the citation to the article from Mankind Quarterly with a citation to the article "The Spider's Web. Goddess of Light and Loom: Evidence for the Indo-European Origin of Two Ancient Chinese Deities" by Justine T. Snow, published in 2002. Falconfly's edit summary for that revert states: "Undid revision 865855536 by Katolophyromai (talk) Replaced with citacions [sic] to Snow 2002, which more or less presents the same conclusion but is hosted on a paper that appears to be less racist."
Because I did not have access to this publication, I assumed that Falconfly's edit summary was correct and that the source did indeed support the information given. In the meantime, Falconfly is now indefinitely blocked from editing Wikipedia. The reason why Falconfly is blocked is stated in their block log as "Making legal threats: after warnings, plus persistent personal attacks." — Katolophyromai ( talk) 00:54, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
Hi. I have spent some time improving this article and others related to PIE society. Given the nature of the scholarship involved to reconstruct the PIE set of beliefs, I would propose the following rules if other contributors agree:
Best regards, Azerty82 ( talk) 21:35, 27 November 2019 (UTC)
/info/en/?search=Proto-Indo-European_mythology#Cosmology
Hello Azerty82,
the linking of the superordinate principle in the PIE mythology to a creator deity is your wishful thinking, however it is erroneous and trying to establish a link by fishy linguistics is your very own Original Research ( /info/en/?search=Wikipedia:No_original_research). The source Mallory & Adams on page 276 says not a single word about a creator deity and so i revert the current version in the near future, i requested 3rd opinion now. And to me personally your intentions are very clear : You have a monotheistic, very likely christian background, and now you want to project this on the pre-christian worldview. i really hope that you will not come up with primeval monotheism ( https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Primeval+Monotheism%2C+Theory+of) Anytime when one inserts a neutral statement about the native cosmic order you copy back in a statement that includes words like 'divine', 'battle of gods against demons', 'dualistic' worldview. You did not understand the Structuralist School although you also use quotations from it that you twist around until they fit your needs. The key point of the Structuralist School is that the existing duality is unified in the end into an equilibrium, read the beginning of the article. This is why the symbol of a balance is used so frequently in Indo-European art. The Structuralist School interprets the PIE triases like this : life-giving element - balancing element - death-bringing element cf this image of the Slavic Fates : https://slowianowierstwo.wordpress.com/2015/01/14/rodzanice/
The key point that you miss here is the balancing element because this balancing element is often not personified.
With your biased christian black-and-white worldview you get no access to the deeper meaning of the PIE mythology and so you should stay very close to the sources, i personally think you should not write in this article at all, because what the wikipedia really does not need are man-on-a-mission and you are writing really much in this article if one sees the revision history
And to be very honest, i think you are older than 26 years.
But beside this, if you show me where in the source Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006). The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2 on page 276 is mentioned the word 'divine' or 'divine creation' like in the text you want to insert, we can talk about keeping the current version, else we will revert back. And for sure i will include the full citation again. Beside this you should give a clear hint to who you think which deity establishes or impersonates the allegedly divine cosmic order.
With your opinion about the PIE mythology you are very alone because the PIE people were animistic and their conception about the natural order was very technical (like in modern physics) and not personal like in the monotheistic worldviews
As i said i requested 3rd opinion and now i wait for this... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 7:31 1 April 2020 (UTC)
A more basic Indo-European verb for divine creation is *dheh1, which means to set in place, lay down, or establish (...) The Vedic creator god Dhātr has his name from the same verb.Once again, the source was clearly located in the article.
The PIE set of belief is founded on a resistant animistic substrate. We shall prefer the terms "sky-god" and "thunder-god" to "god of the sky" and "god of thunder".
Pande defines Rta as "the ideal principle in ordering, the paradigmatic principle of ultimate reality". Rta is the great criterion of the Rgveda, the standard of truth both for individual instances of human morality and for cosmic order and truth. The god Varuna is the guardian and preserver of the Rta, although Varuna also must abide its rules. Rta is more passive than the active god of christianity, but nevertheless it encompasses the order of the sacrifice, the physical order of the universe and the moral law.
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 13:57, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
PS: I've seen your comment in the history of edits. I don't have to "prove the Kurgan hypothesis" to state that Hittite is the oldest (directly) attested I-E language. I just have to use radiocarbon dating of Hittite tablets. Vedic Sanskrit is estimated to date back to the same period based upon linguistic evidence. But the fact that Hittite is the most archaic I-E language is what is important here.
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 14:09, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
In the PIE worldview the relation of the deities to the superordinate cosmic order becomes also obvious in the fact that deities are never almighty what shows up in tales like that of Zeus and the Moirai (read the beginning of the article) or Zeus and Sarpedon. Zeus is not able to safe his son's life because he has to be obedient to the cosmic order or fate (in this case represented by the Moirai, Hera and the Horae)
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 14:20, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
Another kind of binary opposition we ought to keep in mind is one which often appears among IE radical homophones. These are of two kinds: (1) complementaries, and (2) direct oppositions. (...) These homophonic antinomies are not a universal feature of the proto-language, but one which occurs often enough to be indicative of the possible IE tendency toward polarized perception and among which, beside a basic positive-negative duality, we may locate divine-asurian oppositions as well. The complementaries are also homophonic but as balancing counterparts rather than conflicting antitheses.
A more basic Indo-European verb for divine creation is *dheh1, which means to set in place, lay down, or establish. We find it in Hittite of the gods who nēbis dēgan dāir, ‘established heaven (and) earth’; in the Gāthās, Y. 44. 3 kasnā xəng strəmcā dāt advānəm? ‘Who made the path of the sun and stars?’ 5 kə huvāpå raocåscā dāt təmåscā? kə huvāpå xvafnəmcā dāt zaēmācā? ‘What skilful artificer made the regions of light and dark? What skilful artifi- cer made sleep and waking?’ 7 vīspanam dātārəm ‘maker of all things’; and similarly in the Old Persian inscriptions, of Ahuramazda hya imām būmim adā, hya avam asmānam adā, ‘who created this earth, who created that sky’. (DNa 1, DSe 1, etc.). The Vedic creator god Dhātr has his name from the same verb.
References
About your Third Opinion Request: I just removed it because it was placed in the wrong place on the 3O request page. Whoever is posting it is replacing a permanent example rather than posting it in the listing section. I was going to move it into the proper place, but the request is also defective because it focuses more on editor conduct than on article content, and 3O does not handle disputes about editor conduct, unsurprisingly it also names names of the editors involved, which also violates the 3O listing rules. If you choose to relist this, please be sure to put it in the correct place, not replacing anything, don't mention user names (your own or the other editor's), don't mention user conduct (such as POV or bias), and focus only on the content issues in question. If you do want to take up user conduct instead of getting an opinion about content, use WP:ANI after carefully reading and following the rules there. — TransporterMan ( TALK) 16:50, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
This element derives < OIA dádhāti ‘places, lays on, gives, seizes’ (6145), but regarding the exact meaning one needs to consider the meanings given for the precursor PIE *dheh1- , namely ‘to put, lay down, sit down, produce, make, speak, say, bring back’.
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 18:18, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
As i said it would be good to elucidate in the article the relation between the passive PIE cosmic order and the activities of the living beings (what includes the deities) that have to abide by the rules of the cosmic order.
So the *hₐér stem is passive superior cosmic order / equilibrium while the *dhéh₁- stem is the active part (lawful conduct or more souvereign actions of deities however still in obedience of the cosmic order )
In general the relation between the *hₐér- stem and the *dhéh₁- stem should be elucidated.
The deity Dhātr is always equated to Brahma and Brahma is a very young deity. So it is questionable when Dhātr entered the Vedas, according to several sources i read also very late (with only a few mentionings compared to the nearly almighty powers this deity has in mythology). This is why i think this deity is a late insertion however West mentions it for some reasons... Themis is of the native PIE stratum and with Arthamis even rta is linked to it....
i do not think that the Vedic tradition is completely pure PIE mythology, however i think thst is the purest form we have. It is completely naive to believe that any of the European traditions about PIE traditions is left untouched by the later 1000 years of monotheism, and to a less extent this also applies to the Vedas and Hinduism. And the main IE mythologies i am firm with are the Nordic and Eastern ones (Norse, Celtic (Welsh), Baltic Germanic, Vedic ) That Greek mythology is heavily tainted is very obvious however if you dig into the older strata (titans,...) and compare this to other daughter mythologies the general pattern shines through.
i have to go to work now ...
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 05:23, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
Here is my text for insertion into the article :
Linguistic evidence has led scholars to reconstruct the concept of a superordinate impersonal cosmic order,*hₐértus, denoting "what is fitting, rightly ordered" and ultimately deriving from the root *haer-, "to fit" : Hittite āra ("right, proper"); [1] Sanskrit ṛta ("right time, order, rule"); [2] [3] Avestan arəta- ("order"); Greek artús ("arrangement"), possibly arete ("excellence") via the root *h₂erh₁ ("please, satisfy"); [4] Latin artus ("joint"); Tocharian A ārtt- ("to praise, be pleased with"); Armernian ard ("ornament, shape"); Middle High German art ("innate feature, nature, fashion"). [5]
This cosmic order is a passive principle, nevertheless it is superior, [6] similar to a symmetry principle. Interlocked with the root *hₐer- is the root *dʰeh₁- that means "to put, lay down, sit down, produce, make, speak, say, bring back" [7] [8] The Greek thémis and Sanskrit dhāman, both meaning "law" derive from *dʰeh₁-men-/i-. This notion of "law" includes an active principle, it has themeaning of actions in obedience to the cosmic order. In a social context it is interpreted as lawful conduct. The law or rule refered to in this context is the superordinate cosmic order (that is derived from the PIE root *hₐer-).
So the semantic linking between the root *hₐer- and the root *dʰeh₁- is that of an order, rule or law and action in obedience to this order or law .This becomes obvious exemplarily in the Greek and Vedic daughter cultures in the Greek goddess Themis and the Buddhist code of lawful conduct, the Dharma. The etymology of Dharma can also be traced back to the PIE root *dʰeh₁-, [9] Themis personifies and unifies the cosmic order or natural law and the derived social rules of lawful conduct. [10] [11]
The interplay between the cosmic order and animate beings in the cosmos is attested in many mythological narratives from descendent Indo-European daughter cultures. Because these narratives have a similar or equal semantic content in all daughter cultures it can possibly be concluded that this semantic content was present in proto-Indo-European times yet. For example, in the mythologies of none of the Indo-European daughter cultures are existent almighty deities. The highest deities in the panthea are often considered to be guardians or preservers of the cosmic order, however they have to abide by its rules. This is e.g. the case for Mitra and Varuna that are the Guardians of the Rta. [12] The influence of the cosmic order is often named Fate in the narratives and many tales exist in that the deities have to bow to the Fate e.g. in Greek mythology Zeus can not save the life of his son Sarpedon and the power is divided between Zeus and the Moirai. In Norse mythology the power over the runes, which are a mythological manifestation of the cosmic order, is divided between Odin and the Nornir.
According to Martin Litchfield West the root *dʰeh₁- denotes the divine creation and consequentially the name of the Vedic creator god Dhātr also derives from the root *dʰeh₁-. [13] [14]
i think this complete but too extent now. 158.181.78.15 ( talk) 16:19, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
References
Ṛta, for example, is impersonal.
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158.181.78.15 ( talk) 19:01, 2 April 2020 (UTC) (Ralf)
Ok, there is also an article for the Avestan Asha. So you add these sources to the draft, i copied West's quote under the Dhatr part. For sending an e-mail i have to create an account, will do this tomorrow ...
2A02:2450:102C:99E:68A2:32E6:F97B:BE6C ( talk) 20:39, 2 April 2020 (UTC) (Ralf)
i just realized that i have an account, however i can still not write an e-mail Ralf478 ( talk) 21:17, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
I'm having some difficulty following the discussion above; could someone briefly summarize the main point at issue? (Thanks.) By the way, I found the articles in the English-language translation of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia on Semitic languages and the history of the alphabet to be quite interesting (because they were written by scholars such as Igor Diakonoff); I can't attest to the quality of articles in other areas, though... AnonMoos ( talk) 23:40, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
"17.4 Law and Order
The vocabulary of law [...] is not extensive in Proto-Indo-European and much of the concept 'law' derives from that of 'order' or 'what is fitting'. For example, we have *hₐértus from the root *hₐer- 'fit' which had already shifted to an association with cosmic order by the time of Indo-Iranians (e.g. Lat artus 'joint', MHG art 'innate feature, nature, fashion', dialectal Grk artús 'arranging, arrangement', Arm ard 'ornament, shape', Av arəta- 'order', Skt ṛtu- 'right time, order, rule', Toch B ārtt- 'love, praise'). More closely associated with ritual propriety is the Italic-Indo-Iranian isogloss that yields *yew(e)s- (Lat iūs 'law, right, justice, duty' "}, Av yaož -dā- 'make ritually pure', Skt śáṃca yóśca 'health and happiness') with a derived adjective *yusi(iy)os seen certainly in OIr uissse 'just right, fitting' and possibly OCS istǔ 'actual, true'. 'Law' itself, *dhéh₁-men-/i-, is 'that which is established' and derives from *dhéh₁- 'put, establish' but occurs in that meaning only in Grk thémis 'law' and Skt dhāman- 'law' (we also have *dhéh₁tis [e.g. Lat conditiō 'basis', NE 'deed', Grk 'order', Skt -dhiti- 'position']) though the same kind of semantic development is seen in Germanic (e.g. NE law) and Italic (e.g. Lat lex 'law'), both from *legh- 'lie', i.e. 'that which is laid out'. and thus the concept is pan-Indo-European.
Ralf478 ( talk) 05:23, 3 April 2020 (UTC)
A similar depiction of the appearance of the universe before the act of creation is given in the Vedic, Germanic and, at least partly, in the Greek tradition. The Rigveda tells us that "neither non-being was nor being was at that time; there was not the air, nor the heaven beyond it... Neither death was nor the immortal then, nor was there the mark of night and day..." while "...earth was not, nor heaven above, nor tree... nor mountain there was, not a single star, nor the sun shone, nor the moon gave light, nor the bright sea..." in the Wessobrun prayer, and the author of the Völuspá writes that "...there was not sand nor sea nor the cool waves; earth was nowhere nor heaven above; Ginnunga Gap there was, but grass nowhere..." Although the idea of a created world is untypical of early Greek thinking, similar descriptions have been highlighted in Aristophanes's The Birds: "...there was Chasm and Night and dark Erebos at first, and broad Tartarus, but earth nor air nor heaven there was..." The analogy between the Greek Χἁος ("Chaos, Chasm") and the Norse Ginnungagap ("Gaping abyss") has also been noted by scholars. The importance of heat in Germanic creation myths has also been compared with similar Indian beliefs emphasized in the Vedic hymn on "cosmic heat".Azerty82 ( talk) 15:45, 3 April 2020 (UTC)
Ralf478 ( talk) 16:16, 3 April 2020 (UTC)
Ralf478 ( talk) 02:11, 4 April 2020 (UTC)
References
It appears that other than Sol and Mani, I can’t seem to find any other dirty linked to Proto-Indo-European. Have linguists come up with an explanation for the absence of Germanic deities in the PIE language?
Are the Germanic Gods native to Neolithic Europe or Scandinavia. Or has Germanic linguistics simply not been as closely payed attention too; compared to Eastern Europe, India and Celtic gods? :) Simonater2 ( talk) 11:27, 27 November 2021 (UTC)
Right now the "Pantheon" section is a complete mess. Several of the deities listed here are either not mentioned at all in Mallory and Adams or, in some cases, merely reconstructed as ordinary words, not names of deities. Also, people seem to keep adding original research linking unrelated deities from various pantheons to the deities reconstructed here. Furthermore, the table format is entirely unfitting for the presentation of this information. The information ought to be presented in paragraph form, where it can be explained in depth. I will be making major revisions to this section to get it up to snuff. -- Katolophyromai ( talk) 01:01, 16 March 2017 (UTC)
I would also like to suggest reviewing the similarity between herding god *Péh₂usōn and the vedic god Pushan. Pushan is an Aditya, and one of his attributes was looking after cattle herding. So he may not be a late addition but a very early one before the Indo-Iranians left the PIE. To add more the name of 12 Adityas are Vivasvan, Aryaman, Tvashta, Savitr, Bhaga, Dhata, Mitra, Varuna, Amsa, Pushan, Indra and Vishnu. Was Varuna and weather god *Perkʷunos were same God? Aryaman could have eventually evolved into Ahriman, when Zarathustra tried to reform the Ind-Iranian belief system? Suryabrata ( talk) 07:20, 11 September 2022 (UTC)